A Child of the Sixties: The Great Society, the New Right, and the Politics of Federal Child Care

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Care Problems

In 1971, a coalition of legislators and advocates put together a bill to establish the foundations of a public, universally available day-care system in the United States. Backed by Democrats, Republicans, and a highly mobilized set of interest organizations, the bill's middle-class appeal made it seem like a political sure bet in the months preceding the 1972 election season. Over the course of 1971, however, support for the bill eroded, and by December most House Republicans had jumped ship. On December 9, President Nixon vetoed the legislation, criticizing its “fiscal irresponsibility, administrative unworkability [sic], and family-weakening implications.” Such direct federal provision of day-care services, he claimed, “would commit the vast moral authority of the National Government to the side of communal approaches to child-rearing over the family-centered approach.” The day after the veto, however, Nixon signed the 1971 Revenue Act, which included tax breaks for families who use private day-care services. In late 1972, Congress passed legislation to reauthorize Head Start, a program providing early childhood education and health services for disadvantaged, preschool-aged children. Nixon's own welfare-reform proposal included day care for poor women. Clearly, only the middle class was at risk from “communal approaches” in federally supported child care; poor families, and particularly women on welfare, could use public day care while the middle class would be subsidized to solve their child-care problems through the private sector.

POLICY STATEMENT ON DAY CARE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-947
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Family Discord

The American Academy of Pediatrics supports the continued expansion of high quality day care programs for the nation's children. It is preparing a booklet, Recommendations for Day Care Centers for Infants and Children, to serve as a guideline for establishing quality day care. The Academy also has embarked on a program to help pediatricians understand their role in fostering high quality day care. All children should have the opportunity to optimally develop their physical, intellectual, and social potential. The care and guidance they are given in their early years are of critical importance for such development. For most children, this child care and guidance are best given in their own homes, by their own families, but may need to be supplemented by child care services provided by private or governmental agencies. Because they are working, an increasing proportion of mothers are not at home to fulfill the maternal role in care and guidance. In 1971, 43% of mothers in the United States were employed: one-third of the mothers of preschool children and one-half of the single mothers of young children. For some children the home may not be the best place because of social or financial poverty or family discord which inhibit child development. Alternative methods of caring for children to help them achieve their fullest potential are needed more now than at any time in our history. Day care services should be a supplement to, not a substitute for, the family as the primary agent for the child's care and development.

scholarly journals Family involvement : an analysis of family day care services family centred child care policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Eno Falope
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Child Care Policy ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Family Day Care ◽  
Care Services

This paper explores the concept of culture as the intrinsic foundation upon which societies organize child rearing routines and its impact on family involvement with early childhood education. Investigation was carried out through the lens of Family Day Care Services family centred child care policy. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with a convenience sample of eleven participants from West Africa and Sri Lanka, the study considered (a) the patterns of implementation of policy principles: (b) extents to which the ECE program reflected families' cultural practices and; (c) extends to which these factors impacted family involvement. Study findings indicated diversity between West African and Sri Lankan participants' perceptions with regard to cultural expectation of ECE programming and identified limitations in cultural communication transactions as a major hindrance to family involvement. Recommendations were made for teacher training, on-going parent board meetings, and further research to aid understanding of the communities served and give voice to families.

scholarly journals Family involvement : an analysis of family day care services family centred child care policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Eno Falope
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Child Care Policy ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Family Day Care ◽  
Care Services

This paper explores the concept of culture as the intrinsic foundation upon which societies organize child rearing routines and its impact on family involvement with early childhood education. Investigation was carried out through the lens of Family Day Care Services family centred child care policy. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with a convenience sample of eleven participants from West Africa and Sri Lanka, the study considered (a) the patterns of implementation of policy principles: (b) extents to which the ECE program reflected families' cultural practices and; (c) extends to which these factors impacted family involvement. Study findings indicated diversity between West African and Sri Lankan participants' perceptions with regard to cultural expectation of ECE programming and identified limitations in cultural communication transactions as a major hindrance to family involvement. Recommendations were made for teacher training, on-going parent board meetings, and further research to aid understanding of the communities served and give voice to families.

International Perspectives on Child Care Policies and Programs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Sheila B. Kamerman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Services ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Child Care Services

Child development research is more extensive and more sophisticated in the United States than in any other country in the world. US policy makers have access to more and better information about the factors known to enhance or impede good child development than those in almost any other country. Nonetheless, the United States lags far behind almost all the major advanced industrialized countries with regard to supply, quality, and affordability of out-of-home child care services for children under the age at which compulsory school begins (5, 6, or 7 years). This paper provides a brief overview of child care internationally, primarily in northern and western Europe, the leaders in this field. The objective is to document the availability and quality of child care services and related policies in these countries. The paper begins by defining the terms that will be used in discussing child care internationally. The major focus is on identifying and describing the policy choices that the advanced, industrialized, western countries have made regarding child care for young children of different ages (preschoolers and infants). DEFINING THE TERMS The child care programs I will describe include preschools (kindergartens, prekindergartens, compensatory early-education programs, nursery schools); day-care centers (nurseries, creches); and family-day-care-homes (both regulated and unregulated). Relative care, occasional baby-sitting, and care provided within a child's own home are not included in this discussion, nor are programs for children with special needs (handicapped children). Nor, because of space limitations, are before- and after-school programs covered. The major cross-national differences have to do with the financing of services and the extent of the role of the public sector; the predominance of the education, health, or social welfare system in delivering the services; the proportion of children of different ages served by these programs; whether services are limited to the children of working mothers; and the quality of the care provided.

scholarly journals Policy Frameworks and Parental Choice: Using Conjoint Analysis to Understand Parental Decision Making for Child Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110223
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Davidson ◽  
Samantha Burns ◽  
Delaine Hampton ◽  
Linda White ◽  
Michal Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Child Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Child Care Services

Many children in Canada and the United States experience poor-quality child care on a regular basis. Under the rubric of “parent choice,” governments continue to permit a variety of licensed care providers (centers and homes) as well as unlicensed home child care providers. Research suggests, however, that parents are not well-informed consumers about child care services, unaware of even the basic characteristics of their child’s care. In this study, we provide findings from a latent profile analysis based on a conjoint survey conducted in Toronto, Canada to better understand the factors that influence parents’ decisions in selecting child care services. Based on responses from over 700 parents, we identify five classes of parents that reflect a range of preferences in selecting child care. However, most groups show a strong preference for licensed early childhood education and care (ECEC) options. Limitations of this study and implications for policy are discussed.

Child Care and Child Care Policy: Existing Policies, Their Effects, and Reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 686 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Joseph Hotz ◽  
Matthew Wiswall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Provide Child Care ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Low Income Mothers

We analyze policies that support and affect the provision and costs of child care in the United States. These policies are motivated by at least three objectives: (1) improving the cognitive and social development of young children, (2) facilitating maternal employment, and (3) alleviating poverty. We summarize this policy landscape and the evidence on the effects they have on the development of children and parents. We provide a summary of the use and costs of nonparental child care services; and we summarize existing policies and programs that subsidize child care costs, provide child care to certain groups, and regulate various aspects of the services provided in the United States. We then review the evidence on the effects that child care policies have on these objectives. We go on to discuss the existing evidence of their effects on various outcomes. Finally, we outline three reform proposals that will both facilitate work by low-income mothers and improve the quality of child care that their children receive.

Child Care Services

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Custodial Care ◽  
Child Care Services

Child care services, enabling parents to commit themselves to paid employment while providing a supervised environment for their children, have a long and complex history in the United States. Child care services can provide children with educational and other advantages, as well as custodial care. In fact, the United States has multiple kinds of services providing child care and early childhood education. Publicly funded services have concentrated on care for impoverished children and those facing other risks or disadvantages, but many of these children and their families remain unserved because of gaps in programs and lack of support for subsidies, while other families purchase the services they need.

Day care and child care services: Issues, priorities, and implications

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Braga ◽  
Laurie D. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Child Care Services

The Snog and Grog Club

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Kabel
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
End Stage

The popularity of British hospice day care signals the expanding boundaries of palliative care beyond end-stage illness. In this article, I examine the ways hospice philosophy was interpreted and implemented in an outpatient day therapy setting run by a multidisciplinary team of health professionals. Findings suggest that hospice day care staff members used several strategies to help patients cope and retain a sense of personhood while facing numerous emotional and physical challenges associated with life-threatening illness. Health professionals in the United States will need to prepare for patients accessing hospice and palliative care services earlier in the illness trajectory to take advantage of these opportunities for patient support and advocacy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document