G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the History of Philosophy, 1825-26. Volume II: Greek Philosophy (review)

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Thora Ilin Bayer
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Гермотим из Клазомен и начало афинской философии

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
О.А. Матвейчев
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Classical Greek Philosophy ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Greek World

Гермотим из Клазомен – фигура в истории греческой философии, можно сказать, маргинальная. В современной литературе он появляется разве что в ряду других колдунов и мистиков VII–VI вв. до н.э. В таком статусе он включается и в собрание Дильса. Анализируя сведения о Гермотиме, автор ставит перед собой цель найти ему место среди малоазийских философов первой величины, которых считают основателями греческой философии. Различение духа (души) и материи (тела) станет основополагающим принципом греческой философии, понятие Ума (нуса) выступит фундаментом для системы Анаксагора, первого афинского философа, с которого, собственно, и начнется история классической греческой философии. Автор разделяет точку зрения Э. Доддса и др., что появление нового для Греции представления о различии души и тела коренится в северной (гиперборейской?) ментальности, привнесенной в греческий мир во времена колонизации VII–VI вв. до н.э., а возможно – и в более ранние. Ключевые слова: история философии, Древняя Греция, Гиперборея, Гермотим из Клазомен, Анаксагор, шаманизм, нус, душа, тело Hermotimus of Clazomenae can be called a marginal figure in the history of Greek philosophy. In modern literature he is mentioned only among other sorcerers and mystics of the VIIth–VIth centuries BC. The collection of Hermann Diels describes him in the same manner. Analyzing available information about Hermotimus, the author makes an attempt to place him among the primary Anatolian philosophers who are considered the founders of Greek philosophy. The distinction between spirit (soul) and matter (body) will become the fundamental principle of Greek philosophy; the concept of Nous (cosmic Mind) will be the foundation for the system of Anaxagoras, the first Athenian philosopher, from which, in fact, the history of classical Greek philosophy begins. The author shares the point of view of E. Dodds and others that the emergence of a new concept about the difference between soul and body in Greece is rooted in the northern (Hyperborean?) mentality introduced into the Greek world during the colonization of the VIIth–VIth centuries BC or possibly in earlier times. Keywords: history of philosophy, Ancient Greece, Hyperborea, Hermotimus of Clazomenae, Anaxagoras, shamanism, nous, soul, body

Eternity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonore Stump ◽  
Norman Kretzmann
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Divine Omniscience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Necessary Truths ◽  
Temporal Location

The distinctive, philosophically interesting concept of eternity arose very early in the history of philosophy as the concept of a mode of existence that was not only beginningless and endless but also essentially different from time. It was introduced into early Greek philosophy as the mode of existence required for fundamental reality (being) contrasted with ordinary appearance (becoming). But the concept was given its classic formulation by Boethius, who thought of eternity as God’s mode of existence and defined God’s eternality as ‘the complete possession all at once of illimitable life’. As defined by Boethius the concept was important in medieval philosophy. The elements of the Boethian definition are life, illimitability (and hence duration), and absence of succession (or timelessness). Defined in this way, eternality is proper to an entity identifiable as a mind or a person (and in just that sense living) but existing beginninglessly, endlessly and timelessly. Such a concept raises obvious difficulties. Some philosophers think the difficulties can be resolved, but others think that in the light of such difficulties the concept must be modified or simply rejected as incoherent. The most obvious difficulty has to do with the combination of atemporality and duration. Special objections have arisen in connection with ascribing eternality to God. Some people have thought that an eternal being could not do anything at all, especially not in the temporal world. But the notion of an atemporal person’s acting is not incoherent. Such acts as knowing necessary truths or willing that a world exist for a certain length of time are acts that themselves take no time and require no temporal location. An eternal God could engage in acts of cognition and of volition and could even do things that might seem to require a temporal location, such as answering a prayer. The concept of God’s eternality is relevant to several issues in philosophy of religion, including the apparent irreconcilability of divine omniscience with divine immutability and with human freedom.

Middle Platonism

Classics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bonazzi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Theological Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Platonic Tradition

The term “Middle Platonism” was created in the 19th century ce to distinguish this movement from the later tradition known as “Neoplatonism.” Both terms, however, are misleading and would have been rejected by the ancients; neither “Middle Platonists” would have accepted that they were an intermediate step in the history of Platonism nor would “Neoplatonists” have agreed that they were introducing anything new in the Platonic tradition. However, it is true that Early Imperial Platonism differs in basic ways from Late Antique Platonism, and both labels continue to be used for the sake of clarity. In short, Middle Platonism conventionally refers to a group of philosophers from the 1st century bce to the 3rd century ce who may be described as Platonists by virtue of their allegiance to a nucleus of Platonic doctrines. More precisely, this allegiance can be presented as the attempt to develop a systematic and theological interpretation of Plato’s philosophy. This suffices to prove its importance, philosophically and historically, for two reasons: (1) because the commitment to the view that Plato’s philosophy can be reduced to a system proved very influential in the history of philosophy, and (2) because in this period monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Christianity first encountered Greek philosophy, and this confrontation was greatly influenced by the theological speculations of these authors. Unfortunately, most of the works of Middle Platonists are now lost, but the material that remains enable us to reconstruct the basic features of their thought.

Vlastos, Gregory (1907–91)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of

A leading figure in the study of ancient Greek philosophy, Vlastos was a pioneer in the application to ancient philosophers of the techniques of analytic philosophy. Concentrating on figures of early Greek philosophy, he made major contributions to the understanding of the Presocratics, Socrates and Plato. He saw the Presocratics as applying ethical concepts to nature which ultimately rendered nature intelligible. He distinguished between the early dialogues of Plato, which represent the philosophy of Plato’s master Socrates – a philosophy the early Plato shared – and the middle dialogues in which Plato develops a transcendental metaphysics and rationalist epistemology to ground Socratic ethical concepts. Vlastos’s work played a major role in bringing the history of philosophy into the mainstream of philosophical research.

The Historical History of Philosophy and Its Object

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Michael Frede
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History ◽  
The Way

This chapter evaluates the historical history of philosophy. Given the very strong philosophical assumptions underlying the early philosophical histories of philosophy, and given in particular the fact that they tended to be written from the point of view of some kind of idealism, it is not surprising that they should have met with some resistance, in particular outside philosophy. Thus, one finds Albert Schwegler criticizing Hegel’s method of treating the history of philosophy, rejecting any kind of philosophical history of philosophy as history. He insists that the systematical study of the history of philosophy is the task of a historian and has to be pursued in precisely the way one studies any other kind of history or history in general. Zeller therefore advocates a purely historical approach to the history of philosophy, a historian’s history of philosophy, and his own monumental work on the history of Greek philosophy is inspired by this conception, just as it, in turn, inspires a lot of work, at least on ancient philosophy of the same kind. The chapter then presents a systematical consideration of the historical history of philosophy.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKACIJOS FILOSOFIJOS GENEZĖ

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Kęstas Kirtiklis
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Philosophy Of Communication ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Philosophy

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama komunikacijos filosofijos kilmės problema ir šios problemos reikšmė šiuolaikinėms filosofinėms komunikacijos sampratoms. Tvirtinama, jog, priešingai nei teigia paplitusi pozicija, komunikacijos filosofija kyla ne iš antikinio domėjimosi komunikacijos ir medijų problematika, bet iš filosofų dėmesio pastarųjų dviejų šimtmečių visuomenės kaitai (industrializacijai, urbanizacijai, informatizacijai) ir naujųjų medijų plėtrai. Toks komunikacijos filosofijos genezės aiškinimas išryškina šiuolaikinės komunikacijos specifiką, skiriančią ją nuo komunikacijos ankstesnėse visuomenėse, – būtent tai, kad vyraujanti šiuolaikinė komunikacija yra masinė ir medijuota1.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: komunikacijos filosofija, medijų filosofija, filosofijos istorija.Genesis of Philosophy of CommunicationKęstas Kirtiklis SummaryThe article deals with the problem of the genesis of philosophy of communication and its impact on contemporary philosophical conceptions of communication. The article argues that, contrary to the widespread opinion, philosophy of communication originated not from the interest in problems of communication that could be traced back to the ancient Greek philosophy (namely Plato), but from the attention that is paid by philosophers to the recent changes in society (industrialization, urbanization, informatization) and the development of new media. Such an explanation of the genesis of philosophy of communication highlights some specific traits of contemporary communication, namely that the prevailing form of contemporary communication is mediated mass communication.Keywords: philosophy of communication, media philosophy, history of philosophy.

A NEW PORPHYRY FRAGMENT?

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-428
Author(s):  
Gad Freudenthal ◽  
Aaron P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Hebrew

The days, not so far back, in which Arabic philosophical works were skimmed essentially with a view of ‘uncovering’ lost gems of Greek philosophy are fortunately behind us. Today these works are studied on their own, as essential building blocks of the history of philosophy. None the less, medieval philosophic works in Arabic continue to allow significant new discoveries concerning the history of Greek philosophy. The same holds, naturally enough, of medieval Hebrew works written by Jewish scholars who lived under the Crescent and accessed Arabic sources.

Aristotle's Account of the Origins of Philosophy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frede
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
General View ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
History Of

This article sheds light on Aristotle's own understanding of philosophy. It tries to give an account of how Aristotle seeks to determine and to explain the origin of philosophy and to account for its early development. It focuses on his account of the history of philosophy from its beginnings down to his own time in Metaphysics 1.3–10, in particular 1.3–6. It derives a good deal of knowledge about early Greek philosophy directly from Aristotle. A great deal of the information provided by later ancient sources itself is derived from Aristotle and his students, like Theophrastus or Eudemus. The evidential value of this information is rather high. It also is clear that Aristotle had his own particular perspective on the history of early Greek philosophy, and that his students largely shared his general view of the early history of Greek philosophy.

The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Griffel
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This is a comprehensive study of the far-reaching changes that led to a reshaping of the philosophical discourse in Islam during the sixth/twelfth century. Whereas earlier Western scholars thought that Islam’s engagement with the tradition of Greek philosophy ended during that century, more recent analyses suggest its integration into the genre of rationalist Muslim theology (kalam). This book proposes a third view about the fate of philosophy in Islam. It argues that in addition to this integration, Muslim theologians picked up the discourse of philosophy in Islam (falsafa) and began to produce books on philosophy. Written by the same authors, books in these two genres, kalam and philosophy (hikma), argue for opposing teachings on the nature of God, the world’s creation, and the afterlife. This study explains the emergence of a new genre of philosophical books called hikma that stand opposed to Islamic theology and at the same time wish to complement it. Offering a detailed history of philosophy in Iraq, Iran, and Central Asia during the sixth/twelfth century together with an analysis of the circumstances of practicing philosophy during this time, this study can show how reports of falsafa, written by major Muslim theologians such as al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111), developed step-by-step into critical assessments of philosophy that try to improve philosophical teachings and eventually become fully fledged philosophical summas in the work of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1210). The book ends in a discussion of the different methods of kalam and hikma and the coherence and ambiguity of a Muslim post-classical philosopher’s œuvre.

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