The Hedonic Calculus in the Protagoras and the Phaedo

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Calculus

scholarly journals Memahami Maslahat Menggunakan Pendekatan Filsafat Utilitarianisme Menurut Muhammad Abû Zahrah

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Abdul Basith Junaidy
Keyword(s):  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Hedonic Calculus

This paper seeks to describe the efforts of Abû Zahrah in making the philosophy of utilitarianism as a means of understanding the concept of <em>mas</em><em>lahah mursalah</em> in legal reasoning. In Zahrah’s view, the principle of utilitarianism can be taken into account as a guide to understand and apply the concept of <em>mas</em><em>lahah</em>. Zahrah goes on to argue that <em>mas</em><em>lahah</em> can be applied quantitatively using the hedonic calculus as a tool of measurement. Zahrah defines <em>mas</em><em>lahah</em> as an action that is valued as having the greatest benefit for the majority of people in the long term. In his opinion, there are seven factors that determine the level of satisfaction and pain resulted from an action, namely intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent. The calculation will produce positive balance if the credit (satisfaction) is much greater than the debt (pain). This calculus, according to Zahrah, can be applied to measure the benefit and loss in the discourses of <em>mas</em><em>lahah mursalah.</em>

Halls of Montezuma and the Utility of War

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Dan Shaw
Keyword(s):  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Hedonic Calculus ◽  
Do So

Cavell acknowledged John Stuart Mill as a fellow perfectionist, with reference to On Liberty and its aversion to conformity. But the primary focus of this chapter is Mill’s principle of utility, and the hedonic calculus that springs therefrom. One of the hardest things to accept about war is its cost in human lives. Hollywood films often help us do so by arguing that more lives are saved than are lost by such sacrifices. From the Halls of Montezuma makes the case convincingly in explicitly utilitarian terms. In this regard, it will be contrasted with the mission in Saving Private Ryan, which makes no sense in utilitarian terms.

Sunk Costs and Resistance to Change

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Subjective Utility ◽  
Future Utility ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
Hedonic Calculus ◽  
Descriptive Models ◽  
Actual Decision

Normative models of decision making imply that individuals will utilize a hedonic calculus about future utility ratios (subjective utilities) in considering current alternatives. In contrast, descriptive models of actual decision making indicate that individuals utilize heuristics, ignore base rates, and consider previous decisions when considering future choices. Sunk costs are reflected in basing future decisions on previous commitments or investments, thereby ignoring subjective utility expectations. The effects of sunk costs on resistance to change are discussed and interventions to overcome these effects are examined.

scholarly journals Developing the Moral Integrity of College Sport through Commercialism

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Community Members ◽  
College Sport ◽  
Utilitarian Approach ◽  
Sport Organization ◽  
Hedonic Calculus ◽  
Commercial Agreements

Developing the Moral Integrity of College Sport through CommercialismDespite criticisms that commercialism corrupts college sports (Duderstadt, 2003, Roberts 2008, Zimbalist 2006), commercialism, if executed appropriately can strengthen and develop the moral integrity of sport. A utilitarian approach to the commercialization of sport can be used to strengthen its moral integrity. From a utilitarian standpoint, John Stuart Mill's greatest happiness principle and Jeremy Bentham's hedonic calculus can be used to help determine specific approaches to the commercialization of sport. The interests of the sporting community including sport participants, coaches, administrators, fans, and community members, must be considered when commercializing sport to a moral end. Thoroughly understanding a morally grounded mission in a sport organization is a prerequisite to the effective negotiation of terms of commercial agreements that mutually support the mission of the commercial entity and sport organization. The commercialization of sport includes but is not limited to television contracts, venue signage, licensing of merchandise, and corporate sponsorships. Identifying a professional "fit" between the sport organization and commercial entity is imperative. The use of common sense, and experience as outlined by Mill and Bentham (as cited in Beauchamp 1982) and understanding human nature as outlined by Hume (1739/1964) are useful when attempting to determine how particular commercialism efforts may consciously or subconsciously develop or reduce the moral integrity of sport. Beyond sport, the influences and risks of commercialism can be understood by observing its effect on non-sport organizations. Threats to the moral integrity of sport arise when entering into revenue generating commercial agreements. Sport's overreliance on revenue from a commercial entity is a factor that can potentially cause deviation from a sport organization's morally based mission. Excessive expansion and lavish funding of sport organizations can contribute to overreliance on revenue from commercial entities. Personal greed can also play a role in detracting from the moral integrity of the mission.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document