“‘Somewhat Rough Withal’: Hemingway’s Personal Copy of Old English Ballads (English I, Oak Park High School)”

Hilary Kovar Justice

doi:10.1353/hem.2014.0001

Null Subjects in Old English

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

10.1162/ling_a_00127 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 271-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Elly van Gelderen

Keyword(s):

Old English ◽

Null Subjects ◽

Verb Movement ◽

Null Subject ◽

Null Arguments ◽

Germanic Languages ◽

English I

I review the proposal made by Sigurðsson (2011) that null arguments follow from third-factor principles, as in Chomsky 2005 . A number of issues remain unclear: for instance, the kind of topic that licenses null arguments in Modern Germanic, including Modern English. I argue that Old English is pro drop and add to the discussion Frascarelli (2007) started as to which topic licenses a null subject. I agree with Frascarelli and Hinterhölzl (2007) that the licensing topic in Modern Germanic and Old English is an aboutness-shift topic. I also argue that verb movement to C is necessary to license the empty argument in the modern Germanic languages (including Modern English), but not in Old English, since agreement is still responsible for licensing in that language, as in Italian.

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Analyzing Writing Tasks in Japanese High School English Textbooks: English I, II, and Writing

JALT Journal - JALT Journal 24.1 ◽

10.37546/jaltjj33.1-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Mayumi Kobayakawa

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Writing Instruction ◽

Writing Skills ◽

High School English ◽

English Classes ◽

Free Writing ◽

Guided Writing ◽

English Textbooks ◽

English I

A quantitative comparative analysis of writing tasks in English I, II, and Writing textbooks was conducted in this study. Writing tasks in the textbooks were classified into four categories: controlled writing, guided writing, translation, and free writing; and 14 subcategories. The results of the analysis show that both English I and II textbooks featured mostly controlled writing tasks and fill-in-the-blank with translation tasks, while Writing textbooks included various translation and controlled writing tasks. Overall, guided writing and free writing tasks rarely appeared in the textbooks analyzed. According to the Japanese government’s (MEXT) course of study, writing instruction is generally related to free writing tasks. Therefore, free writing skills are necessary to develop students’ practical communication abilities as defined by MEXT. These findings suggest that teachers need to support the development of practical communication abilities by proactively increasing the free writing activities in English classes. 高等学校英語教科書における「書くこと」の課題比較分析：英語Ⅰ・Ⅱ、ライティングについて本研究では、英語Ⅰ・Ⅱ、ライティング教科書における「書くこと」の課題の量的比較分析を行った。分類方法としては、教科書の書く活動を制限作文、誘導作文、和文英訳、自由英作文の4つに大別し、さらにこれらの活動を14種類の課題に分類した。分析結果によると、英語Ⅰ・Ⅱ教科書では制限作文や日本文を見て一文埋める問題、ライティング教科書では和文英訳や制限作文の課題が多く設定されていた。全体的な特徴として、誘導作文と自由英作文の課題の占める割合は少なかった。「書くこと」に関する学習指導要領の記述内容は主に自由英作文の課題と関連していることから、文部科学省が定義する「実践的コミュニケーション能力」を育成するためには、自由英作文を書く技能が必要である。したがって、英語授業における書く活動では、自由英作文を書く機会を積極的に増やすことにより、「実践的コミュニケーション能力」の育成を支援する必要があると示唆される。

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Turning the Japanese High School Homeroom Period Into an Opportunity to Communicate in English

The Language Teacher - The Language Teacher 39.1 ◽

10.37546/jalttlt40.5-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Hatsuko Itaya

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

School Environment ◽

Basic Skills ◽

Senior High School ◽

English Classes ◽

School Year ◽

High School Environment ◽

English I ◽

Speaking Skills

This paper reports on an attempt to increase students’ exposure to communicative English in a senior high school environment. Despite common awareness of the importance of exposure “to develop students’ communication abilities” (MEXT, 2011, p.1), research shows that activity-based all-English classes are not always conducted. Other research has also revealed that even with classes taught entirely in English, the total hours are not enough for the acquisition of basic skills of English. Therefore, in order to increase exposure to communicative English, I conducted morning and afternoon homeroom periods in English for two years [EHR]. In addition, one student per lesson gave a one-minute speech in English during the morning HR every day. Most of the students reported that EHR was instrumental in developing their comprehension and speaking skills, and at the end of each school year, they chose to continue EHR in the following school year. 本稿では、高校の授業外で生徒が英語でコミュニケーションをする時間を設けた実践例を紹介する。ｺﾐｭﾆｹｰｼｮﾝ能力を育成するためには、実際に英語でコミュニケーションをする機会が必要である。しかし現場では必ずしも英語で授業が行われているわけではないとの報告がある。また、仮に全授業をオールイングリッシュで行ったとしても、基本的なコミュニケーション能力を養成するのに十分ではないという研究もある。そこで、実際に英語を使う時間を増やす目的で、朝と帰りのホームルームを2年間英語で行った。また朝のホームルームで1日一人の生徒が「英語1分スピーチ」を行った。年度末のアンケートでは、生徒が英語ホームルームの成果を実感し、次年度も継続したいと望んでいることがわかった。

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