A Predicament: Animal Models and Human Tissue in Medical Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Tissue

scholarly journals “Our” Bodies: Property Rights in Human Tissue

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Many ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
The University ◽  
Near Future

AbstractIn Moore v. Regents of the University of California, the Supreme Court of California held that the human source of blood and tissue used by his physician and other defendants in potentially lucrative medical research without his permission could not assert a legal claim that, in doing so, the defendants had deprived him of any property right in these materials or the cell line developed from them. He was, however, permitted to proceed with his claim that there had been a failure to obtain his informed consent to the excision or removal of these materials, given that their end uses were not disclosed. The decision in Moore is but one example of the range of new legal problems created by the many and rapid advances in biotechnology, and of the attempts courts are making to respond. The judgment raises questions about whether these types of issues as between the patient and medical, research, and pharmaceutical concerns can or ought to be analyzed in terms of property rights. Are the general justifications for recognizing proprietary rights that have traditionally been influential in judicial decisions useful or helpful in this context? And what of the identity of the decision-maker? In Moore, the majority was content to effectively delegate much of the decision-making authority to the U.S. Patent Office and the Office of Technology Assessment. While there are no Canadian decisions directly on point as yet, the pace of technological advances, the potential for economic gain, and the international nature of biotechnology enterprises all set the scene for these issues' coming before our courts in the near future. This paper begins to explore the implications of adopting an analytical model based on property rights and to address the fact that the biotechnology industry already operates on the premise that such material can be owned. It concludes that the current legal regime needs to be modified to allow effective control of these new realities and suggests principles that might be adopted to address important concerns that are raised by the transformation of human tissue and cells into economic goods.

Editor Note Volume 3 Issue 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian James Martins
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
High Standards

The articles published in Volume 3, Issue 1 maintain the high standards for peer-reviewed journals. These articles are related to Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Animal Models, COVID-19 vaccines, Dentistry Data Analytics, and the Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 in children. The effort and expertise of these authors contribute to clinical and medical research and is the cornerstone of the scientific process with relevance to peer-review by medical researchers and healthcare professionals. The research questions in these articles are important and appropriate to the journal and adhere to journal standards and to the top 10% of papers published in the medical field.

scholarly journals Survey on the Attitude Toward General Consent for Human Tissue Banking and Use for Medical Research: Is Repeated Consent Indispensable?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Sachiko NAKAYA-TAKENOSHITA ◽  
Yuki OHTA ◽  
Masanori OHTAKI ◽  
Yuko TAKEBA ◽  
Minoru WATANABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Tissue Banking ◽  
Human Tissue Banking

Molecular profiling of temporal lobe epilepsy: comparison of data from human tissue samples and animal models

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Majores ◽  
Jürgen Eils ◽  
Otmar D. Wiestler ◽  
Albert J. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Tissue Samples

scholarly journals Small Ruminants and Its Use in Regenerative Medicine: Recent Works and Future Perspectives.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui D. Alvites ◽  
Mariana Vieira Branquinho ◽  
Ana Catarina Sousa ◽  
Bruna Lopes ◽  
Patrícia Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Physiological Systems

Medical and translational scientific research requires the use of animal models as an initial approach to the study of new therapies and treatments, but when the objective is an exploration of translational potentialities, classical models fail to adequately mimic problems in humans. Among the larger animal models that have been explored more intensely in recent decades, small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, have emerged as excellent options. The main advantages associated to the use of these animals in research works are related to their anatomy and dimensions very similar to those of humans in most physiological systems, in addition to their low maintenance and feeding costs, tendency to be docile, long life expectancies and few ethical complications raised in society. The most obvious disadvantages are the significant differences in some systems such as the gastrointestinal, and the reduced amount of data that limits the comparison between works and the validation of the characterization essays. Despite everything, recently these species have been increasingly used as animal models for diseases in different systems, and the results obtained open doors for their more frequent and advantageous use in the future. The purpose of this review is to summarize the general principles related to the use of small ruminants as animal models, with focus on regenerative medicine, to group the most relevant works and results published recently and to highlight the potentials for the near future in medical research.

scholarly journals Zebrafish an emerging model for Preclinical Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1638-1648
Author(s):  
Mainak Chakraborty ◽  
Kalyan Roy ◽  
Arpan Sedhain ◽  
Pankaj Dhakal ◽  
Gauthaman Karunakaran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Organ Systems

For understanding the pathogenesis of human disease at cellular and molecular level bio medical research depends on the use of animal models. Maximum animal models used in medical research of human disease are basically performed in murine system. Though there are advantages of using these animals, murine’s have long gestational period, sexual maturation rate and are expensive. These invertebrates lack many structures and organ systems that are involved in human disease pathogenesis. Forward-genetic screens and random mutagenesis based reverse genetics though possible in mouse and are currently underway; they cannot be done on a large scale as they require considerable staff and infrastructure support. Due to these drawbacks other animal models have been developed that provide initial genetic or drug target information. For developmental genetic studies larval zebrafish are used extensively due to their small size, external development, optical transparency, and accessibility in large numbers. Not only are they vertebrate, they also have high fecundity, which can be easily visualised and experimentally manipulated. 70% of all human disease genes have functional homologous in zebrafish. There has been significant increase in the use of zebra fish to elucidate the etiology of human disease like cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes, blindness, deafness, digestive diseases, hematopoiesis, muscle disorders and neural disorders.

scholarly journals A gene location for the inheritance of the Cataract Fraser (CatFr) mouse congenital cataract

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Muggleton-Harris ◽  
M. F. W. Festing ◽  
M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Congenital Cataract ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Molecular Aspects

SummaryAnimal models which emulate defects similar to those in man are required for medical research. Many investigations on the cellular, developmental and molecular aspects of cataractogenesis use the cataract Fraser (CatFr) mouse. This report shows that the CatFT and Lop lens abnormalities are linked, and are probably allelic genes on chromosome 10. It also shows that the CatFT gene is maintained on an inbred genetic background which differs from 79 other strains; it is proposed that this strain be named CAT.

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