As the Stars Burrow against My Ribs, and: Because We Can Never Know All the Initial Conditions of a Complex System in Sufficient Detail, We Cannot Hope to Predict the Ultimate Fate of a Complex System

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Chelsea Dingman
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Ultimate Fate

scholarly journals Dependence on the Initial Data for the Continuous Thermostatted Framework

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Bruno Carbonaro ◽  
Marco Menale
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
External Force ◽  
Continuous Dependence ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Order Moment ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Activity Variable

The paper deals with the problem of continuous dependence on initial data of solutions to the equation describing the evolution of a complex system in the presence of an external force acting on the system and of a thermostat, simply identified with the condition that the second order moment of the activity variable (see Section 1) is a constant. We are able to prove that these solutions are stable with respect to the initial conditions in the Hadamard’s sense. In this connection, two remarks spontaneously arise and must be carefully considered: first, one could complain the lack of information about the “distance” between solutions at any time t ∈ [ 0 , + ∞ ) ; next, one cannot expect any more complete information without taking into account the possible distribution of the transition probabiliy densities and the interaction rates (see Section 1 again). This work must be viewed as a first step of a research which will require many more steps to give a sufficiently complete picture of the relations between solutions (see Section 5).

scholarly journals Environment as a Complex System: the Malaria Decrease in the Legal Amazonia (LA) Case

2018 ◽  
pp. 569-584
Author(s):  
Arlindo Kamimura ◽  
Geraldo Burani ◽  
Ildo Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Living System ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Disease Present

In Brazil, malaria is an endemic disease present mainly in the Legal Amazon (LA), which accounts for more than 99% of the country´s cases. In 2000 the number of new cases of malaria in LA was 613.3 thousand, decreasing to 265.4 thousand cases in 2011, thus dropping by 56.7%. The malaria system behavior depends on many interrelated variables and environmental factors, constituting itself in a complex, non-linear dynamical living system, whose resulting dynamics have as main characteristics the unpredictability and the extreme sensitivity to the initial conditions. This paper is an investigation of a possible additional cause for the huge decrease in cases of malaria in the states of LA, in addition to the already recognized governmental effort to malaria disease control. The hypothesis adopted is that all domestic animals (exception fowls) compete with the man in the position of hosts feeding of the mosquito Anopheles, vector-borne of the disease.

Micro-Channels: Reality and Myth

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hetsroni ◽  
A. Mosyak ◽  
E. Pogrebnyak ◽  
L. P. Yarin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Micro Channels

Many important problems connected to flows in micro-heat exchangers were not studied in sufficient detail. In particular, the governing physical mechanisms are still not well understood for flows in pipes and channels with hydraulic diameter ranging from 5 to 103 μm, which are often defined as micro-tubes or micro-channels. Experimental and numerical results of pressure driven laminar, continuous, incompressible, flow in different scale and shape channels are analyzed to highlight variations between various studies and these discrepancies are considered. The main objective is to determine whether the classical fluid flow theory based on the Navier- Stokes equations is valid to predict velocity distribution, pressure drop and transition from laminar to turbulent flow in micro-channels. No differences were found between results in micro-channels, unaffected by fluid ionic composition and the nature of the wall, and conventional size channels. The distinctions between different experimental studies must be attributed to different initial conditions, difference between actual conditions of a given experiment and conditions corresponding to the theoretical model, and measurement accuracy.

Cellular Automata Metrics

2010 ◽  
pp. 114-149
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bilotta ◽  
Pietro Pantano
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Complex Phenomena

There have been many attempts to understand complexity and to represent it in terms of computable quantities. To date, however, these attempts have had little success. Although we find complexity in a broad range of scientific domains, precise definitions escape our grasp (Bak, 1996; Morin, 2001; Prigogine & Stengers, 1984). One of the key models in complexity science is the Cellular Automaton (CA), a class of system in which small changes in the initial conditions or in local rules can provoke unpredictable behavior (Wolfram, 1984; Wolfram, 2002; Langton, 1986; 1990). The key issue, here as in other kinds of complex system, is to discover the rules governing the emergence of complex phenomena. If such rules were known we could use them to model and predict the behavior of complex physical and biological systems. Taking it for granted that complex behavior is the result of interactions among multiple components of a larger system; we can ask a number of fundamental questions.

A Reproducible Selective Stain for Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
R. A. Waugh ◽  
J. R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a complex system of intracellular tubules that, due to their small size and juxtaposition to such electron-dense structures as mitochondria and myofibrils, are often inconspicuous in conventionally prepared electron microscopic material. This study reports a method with which the SR is selectively “stained” which facilitates visualizationwith the transmission electron microscope.

Analysis of Dark-Field Images of Disordered Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Imaging Conditions

Recently a number of authors have reported detail in dark-field images obtained from diffuse-scattering regions of electron diffraction patterns. Bright spots in images from short-range order diffuse peaks of disordered binary alloys have been interpreted as evidence for the existence of microdomains of ordered lattice or of segragated clusters of one component. Spotty contrast in dark field images of near-amorphous materials has been interpreted as evidence for the existense of microcrystals. Without a careful analysis of the imaging conditions such conclusions may be invalid. Usually the conditions of the experiment have not been specified in sufficient detail to allow evaluation of the conclusions.Elementary considerations show that even for a completely random arrangement of atoms the statistical fluctuations of density will give a spotty contrast with spots of minimum diameter determined by the dark field aperture size and other factors influencing the minimum resolvable distance under darkfield imaging conditions, including fluctuations and drift over long exposure times (resolution usually 10Å or more).

Art as a Self-Organizing Complex System

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Apenova ◽  
Igor Yevin
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Self Organizing
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