The Functionalist's Agenda: George Howe, the T-Square Club Journal, and the Dissemination of Architectural Modernism

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-268
Author(s):  
David Brody
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Modernism

Transcontinental Modernism. M&G as an Unité d’habitation and a factory complex in Mozambique

2010 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Ana Tostões ◽  
Maria Manuel Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Program ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Architectural Modernism

With the aim of contributing to the documentation and conservation of the modern architectural heritage, this paper presents Monteiro & Giro Complex (M&G), built during the 50’s in Quelimane, Mozambique, with the goal of stressing the modernity of the social program and the technological approach. If one wants to gain a better understanding of the worldwide Diaspora of architectural modernism, it is essential to document and analyse the important heritage of sub–Saharan Africa. Modern architectural debates have been reproduced, transformed, contested and sometimes even improved in distant lands and overseas territories. These contradictory aspects of Modernist practice are revealed in the programmatic, technological and structural M&G industrial Complex.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING POSTMODERNISM: NORTHERN BLOCKS OF PODIL

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Late Modernism ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Architectural Production ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Architectural Modernism

Reevaluation of Soviet heritage is a contested topic nowadays. At this moment debates are happening about the attempts to conserve the projects of High Modernism in the USSR of the 1970s and 1980s or even to designate them as heritage. In this article, however, the author attempts to reveal another dimension: postmodern architecture within the life span of the Soviet Union. The case discussed in the article is a housing estate “4blocks” located on the edge of the industrial zone in the Podil district in Kyiv, Ukraine. Podil area was spared from being rebuilt according to the modernist planning proposal in 1968. Afterwards, the district became a testing ground for experimental projects, part and parcel of which is the “4blocks” housing. One can perceive this project being a watershed between different periods of late modernism and postmodernism because of the specific architectural approach and the influence this project exerted on the following architectural production. In the article, the unique conditions which allowed the team of architects to work with unprecedented freedom are discussed. In what way did architects reflect on and use international influences in their projects? How did they work with the local peculiarities of landscape, materials, built environment and archaeology? The article also touches upon the topic of the change in approaches toward the historic urban areas in the late USSR. To highlight the parallels between local and international contexts and reflect on the resulting project the author uses the then-contemporary poststructuralist philosophy. Similarities of the concepts put forward by the philosophy in its critique of architectural Modernism and those used by the authors in “4blocks” is striking. One can conclude that Ukrainian Soviet architecture evolved into a variety of different styles in the mid-1980-s, and this project can be considered a vivid example of one of such styles, so-called postmodernism.            

‘Built-in variety’: David and Mary Medd and the Child-Centred Primary School, 1944-80

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 321-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Design ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Creative Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
The Welfare State

Children are the basis of school design.(Ministry of Education Building Bulletin 1,1949, David and Mary Medd)Connections between ideas of ‘child-centred’ primary education and the design of schools were arguably closer in post-war Britain than any period before or since. These relationships provide a commentary on the role of public architecture within a British post-war social democracy that combined the social objectives of architectural Modernism with an awareness of, and continuity with, preceding reformist movements for the advancement of public health and education. The ‘social’ aspect of the post-war school-building programme stemmed not so much from the application of labour or technology to processes of building, nor even the equitable distribution of common resources, but rather from the ability of the designer to shape and articulate processes of teaching and learning within the locus of the welfare state. Social and pedagogical ends were often pursued to the almost total exclusion of architectural self-expression. If this ‘humane functionalism’ was rooted in an understanding of the activities and experiences of learning, it was dependent on a multi-disciplinary, investigative and creative collaboration between architect and educational ‘client’.

scholarly journals MODERN DESIGNS: HISTORY AND MEMORY IN LE CORBUSIER’S CHANDIGARH

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabaparna Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Urban Modernity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

Located at the foothills of the Sivalik Mountains, Chandigarh was the dream city of independent India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1952, Nehru commissioned the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier to design Chandigarh. Scholars often locate in Corbusier’s plans an urban modernity that required a break with the past. Moving away from such scholarship, this article will argue that Chandigarh marked a climactic moment in Le Corbusier’s career when he tried to weave together modern architecture with tradition, and through it, human beings with nature. A careful study of the cosmic iconography of Chandigarh clearly reveals that nature for Le Corbusier was more than a vast expanse of greenery: it was organized in symbolic ways, as a cosmic form emblematic of Hindu mythologies. I will argue that in addition to local conditions – economic and cultural – that impacted the actual execution of Le Corbusier’s plans, cosmic iconography shaped a modernism profoundly reliant on Hindu traditions. This iconography also inspired a new generation of Indian architects like Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi (1927 – present). Doshi played a key role in authoring the postcolonial architectural discourse in India. Following Le Corbusier, he advocated an architectural modernism anchored in sacred Hindu traditions.

scholarly journals From Glass Architecture to Big Brother: Scenes from a Cultural History of Transparency

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott McQuire
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modernist Project ◽  
Architectural Modernism

In this essay, I want to reposition the Big Brother phenomenon in the context of an earlier debate about domestic space which occurred during the emergence of architectural modernism in the first decades of the twentieth century. At issue then was the physical reconstruction of the home, particularly through the increasing use of glass as a design element. While glass architecture is even more prevalent in the present, its spatial impact—particularly in terms of its capacity to alter the relationship between the ‘inside’ and the ‘outside’—has now been matched or exceeded in many respects by the effects of electronic media. By tracing the parallel between the unsettling spatial effects produced by both glass construction and the electronic screen, I will sketch a cultural logic linking the modernist project of architectural transparency to the contemporary repositioning of the home as an interactive media centre.

scholarly journals The lily, client and measure of Bruno Taut's Glashaus

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nielsen ◽  
Anoma Kumarasuriyar
Keyword(s):  
Current Issue ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
Reyner Banham ◽  
A Current

A current issue in architectural scholarship is the rethinking of the origins of Modernism. As a formative exemplar of early architectural Modernism, Bruno Taut's seminal exhibition pavilion, the Glashaus (1914) [1] is understandably part of this debate. In 1959, Reyner Banham in his article, ‘The Glass Paradise’ suggested that it would be appropriate to investigate the origins of the Glashaus, as it was both vastly dissimilar to and exceeded any of Taut's previous designs. In an effort to answer this question, Banham subsequently introduced the unique role played by the Bohemian poet Paul Scheerbart in the design of the Glashaus. As a result of Banham's inference, Rosemarie Haag Bletter systematically explored the Taut/Scheerbart relationship in ‘Bruno Taut and Paul Scheerbart's Vision: Utopian Aspects of German Expressionist Architecture’ in 1973.

scholarly journals Public buildings of architect Milan Zloković: Affirmation of modern architecture in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Vanja Panić
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Proportional Analysis ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Architectural Modernism

This article is conceived as a contribution to the study and understanding of modern architecture in Serbia and Yugoslavia in the period between the two world wars. The subject of this study is the architectural practice of architect Milan Zloković, one of the most important actors of architectural modernism in the forthcoming period. The focus of research is Zloković work on the design and implementation of public buildings with emphasis on the four objects: Hotel "Žiča" in Mataruška Banja (1931-1932), Building Children's University Clinic in Belgrade (1933-1936/1940), Building Elementary School in Jagodina (1937-1940) and FIAT Automobile Building Service in Belgrade (1939-1940). This phase of Milan Zloković practise is distinguished by authentic character of the author in the study of geometric forms, proportional analysis, applied materials and construction, all in new forms of organization of space in the spirit of modern architecture postulates.

scholarly journals MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOLKIT OF THE TRANSITION FROM TRADITION TO MODERNISM IN CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
S. V. PASTUKHOVA ◽  
K. N. MISHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
New Generation

Purpose. Consideration and analysis of twentieth-century church architecture in which the modernist style and their modern building technology was applied, using nine churches from different countries as examples. Methodology. The use of critical analysis of scientific and methodological literature of architectural modernism of churches, virtual analysis of architectural and construction projects of modernism and their use in the construction of churches, the method of systemic, structural and activity approach. Findings. The scientific formation of the concept of architectural and church modernism has been performed. The main components of architectural and church modernism and the use of the latest architectural and construction technologies are revealed. Reasonable reasons for the slow use of Architectural Church Modernism in modern times. Examples of twentieth-century architectural church modernism are provided. Originality. An analysis of the use of twentieth-century architectural-church modernism in the world is offered. An analysis of the use of architectural and church modernism in the architectural and structural design of churches has been conducted. Practical value. The rationale for the use of architectural and church modernism in the architectural and structural design of churches has been carried out. The components of church modernism are disclosed. The result is the creation of conditions for the harmonious interaction of customers-churchmen and executors-architects in the use of modernism. There were many arguments about what the temple and temple complex should be – modern or a copy of the canonical model – it all depends on the views of the customer and the architect, their views on religion and its purpose in modern life. The dispute can be long, but creativity is unstoppable, and in the world of temple construction has always kept up with current trends in architecture and construction, using new materials, designs and technology. Understandably, there are concerns that innovations in architecture may be followed by undesirable changes in the whole church tradition, but there is no stopping the new thinking. The new generation must step forward to embrace new trends, architectural modernism of churches, also search for new trends and embody them.

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