Reliability and Validity of Generalizable Skills Instruments for Students Who Are Deaf, Blind, or Visually Impaired

1998 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Loeding ◽  
James P. Greenan
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Generalizable Skills

Development and Standardization of an Alienation Scale for Visually Impaired Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Punia ◽  
Sandeep Berwal
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Cultural Estrangement ◽  
Visually Impaired Students ◽  
Context Specific

Introduction The present study was undertaken to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring a feeling of alienation in students with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision). Methods In this study, a pool of 60 items was generated to develop an Alienation Scale for Visually Impaired Students (AL-VI) based on a review of the literature and discussions with colleagues and experts in the field. The items were organized into six dimensions of alienation, namely powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, social isolation, self-estrangement, and cultural estrangement, and were rated on the five-point Likert scale. The standardization of the scale was completed with 118 students with visual impairments in the age group of 10 to 25 years, selected randomly from specialized and inclusive schools in the state of Haryana, India. Results The item analysis was done by calculating t- and r-values; seven items were deleted, and a final 45 items were retained. The calculated value of Cronbach's alpha and split-half correlation came out to be 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. The construct validity was determined by computing the coefficient of correlation between scores of this scale and the scores obtained by using the Student Alienation scale (SAS) of R. R. Sharma (Sharma, 2012). The percentile norm for the scale was determined after verifying normality of the scores by using a Q-Q plot. Discussion The findings of the present study suggest that the AL-VI may serve as a useful tool in future research to assess alienation in persons with visual impairments in India. The findings further demonstrate that the AL-VI produced scores that are reliable and valid. The AL-VI can be used outside India after determining its reliability and validity in context-specific conditions. Implications for practitioners The AL-VI scale is applicable to students with visual impairments, teachers of students with visual impairments, principals, social workers, psychologists, and rehabilitation professionals. Practitioners could use this tool for assessing and understanding the level of alienation among students with visual impairments, thereby helping them in planning and executing strategies for remediating alienation.

Additional Evidence for the Validity of the Employer Attitudes Toward Blind Employees Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele C. McDonnall
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Employer Attitudes ◽  
Hiring Managers ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Negative employer attitudes have traditionally been considered one of the major barriers to employment faced by people who are blind or visually impaired. Recent research suggests this continues to be a problem, yet little research has directly measured employer attitudes toward this population. Data were collected from a large sample of hiring managers ( N = 382) to provide evidence for the validity of a recently developed instrument, the Employer Attitudes Toward Blind Employees Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the instrument, providing evidence for its reliability and validity. Social desirability bias was not found to be a significant problem with the instrument. Self-reported likelihood to hire a person who is blind or visually impaired in the future had a strong association with attitude scores, providing evidence for the scale’s predictive validity.

scholarly journals SUTRIKUSIO REGĖJIMO VAIKŲ INTELEKTINIŲ GEBĖJIMŲ ĮVERTINIMO GALIMYBĖS

Psichologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Ingrida Gabrialavičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

Įvairiose šalyse trūksta standartizuotų testų akliesiems, todėl jų intelektiniai gebėjimai vertinami panaudojant verbalinius regintiesiems skirtų testų subtestus arba modifikuojant neverbalinius. Lietuvoje aklųjų ir silpnaregių intelektiniai gebėjimai vertinami WISC-III Verbaline skale. Olandų sukurtas ITVIC testas (vadovas yra išleistas anglų kalba) yra skirtas įvairiems, tiek verbaliniams, tiek neverbaliniams, aklų vaikų intelektiniams gebėjimams įvertinti. Gavus autorių sutikimą adaptuoti testą Lietuvoje, buvo išverstas testo vadovas. Remiantis 7–16 m. vaikų, kurie mokosi Brailio raštu (N = 41), ITVIC atlikimo rezultatais, vertinami testo patikimumo ir validumo rodikliai. Atliekant ITVIC rezultatų analizę, dalijimo pusiau ir vidinio suderinamumo metodu buvo patvirtintas visų subtestų, išskyrus Namo plano, patikimumas ir turinio validumas. Verbalinių ITVIC subtestų koreliacijos su verbaliniais WISC-III subtestais bei ITVIC subtestų įverčių koreliacijos su mokymosi rezultatais leidžia daryti išvadą apie pakankamą testo kriterijaus validumą. Palyginus lietuvių vaikų subtestų atlikimo rezultatus su olandų bei lietuviškomis WISC-III normomis, galima daryti išvadą, jog 13,5 m. vaikų, neturinčių naudingos regos, rezultatų analizei galima panaudoti olandiškų 7 subtestų ir lietuviškas Žodyno normas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: regėjimo sutrikimai, intelektiniai gebėjimai, ITVIC.INTELLIGENCE OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN: ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS Ingrida Gabrialavičiūtė Summary Problems and possibilities assessing intellectual abilities of visually impaired children are addressed in the article. In other countries, usually there are few or no nationally standardized tests available for use with this population. Therefore parts of available instruments designed for normally sighted children are used. Sometimes test procedures or stimuli are modified what affects the validity of the results and they need to be interpreted with caution. Intellectual abilities of Lithuanian visually impaired children are currently assessed using WISC-III Verbal scale. We discuss the possibility to use ITVIC (Intelligence test for visually impaired children) test for the assessment of intellectual abilities of Lithuanian children. ITVIC was designed in The Netherlands for an assessment of intellectual abilities of Braille educated visually impaired children aged 6–15 years. The authors used Thurstone Primary factor theory as theoretical starting point. ITVIC has both, verbal and haptic subtests and two types of norms: age norms for all Braille educated children and age norms for two vision groups within the population of Braille educated children separately. ITVIC Manual is transla ted to English which made it accessible for using in Lithuania. After we received the permission from publishers and test author, translation of ITVIC manual was made. Based on results from 41 Lithuanian Braille educated children aged 7–16 years, evaluation of ITVIC reliability and validity was made. Data analysis based on method of internal consistency and Split half reliability analysis confirmed good reliability of all ITVIC subtests except House plan questions. This subtest also has low content validity. Correlations between ITVIC subtests and school achievement results show adequate criterion validity of the test. The means of subtest scores in Lithuanian and Dutch population were compared for the group of children without usable vision aged >13,5 years. The scores of two WISC-III subtests as part of ITVIC test were compared to Lithuanian WISC-III norms. The results show that results of 7 ITVIC subtests can be interpreted using Duch norm tables and Lithuanian WISC-III Vocabulary norms for this age group. Key words: visual impairment, intellectual abilities, ITVIC.

Articulatory Intervention for the Visually Impaired

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Cheri L. Florance ◽  
Judith O’Keefe
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
School Students ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Paired Stimuli ◽  
Visually Handicapped ◽  
Parent Program

A modification of the Paired-Stimuli Parent Program (Florance, 1977) was adapted for the treatment of articulatory errors of visually handicapped children. Blind high school students served as clinical aides. A discussion of treatment methodology, and the results of administrating the program to 32 children, including a two-year follow-up evaluation to measure permanence of behavior change, is presented.

Clausal Density Between Ages 4 and 9 Years for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Guo ◽  
Phyllis Schneider ◽  
William Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose This study provided reference data and examined psychometric properties for clausal density (CD; i.e., number of clauses per utterance) in children between ages 4 and 9 years from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). Method Participants in the ENNI database included 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 4;0 (years;months) and 9;11. Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task, in which children were asked to tell stories based on six picture sequences. CD was computed from the narrative samples. The split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for CD by age. Results CD scores increased significantly between ages 4 and 9 years in children with TL and those with LI. Children with TL produced higher CD scores than those with LI at each age level. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of CD scores were all significant at each age level, with the magnitude ranging from small to large. The diagnostic accuracy of CD scores, as revealed by sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was poor. Conclusions The finding on diagnostic accuracy did not support the use of CD for identifying children with LI between ages 4 and 9 years. However, given the attested reliability and validity for CD, reference data of CD from the ENNI database can be used for evaluating children's difficulties with complex syntax and monitoring their change over time. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172129

Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Team Research ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

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