Indo-U.S. collaborative studies on biocatalytic generation of novel molecular architectures

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Watterson ◽  
Virinder S. Parmar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Sunil K. Sharma ◽  
Najam A. Shakil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Molecular Architectures

Biocatalytic polymerization reactions on a variety of substrates leading to value-added polymers have been summarized. The main focus of this review is on the control of molecular architecture during enzymatic polymerization reactions. Combined with chemical reactions, several extremely flexible chemo-enzymatic synthetic procedures are described to produce families of new polymeric materials with novel properties. The properties of the synthesized polymers and their applications in various fields, such as drug delivery and flame retardant materials, have also been studied and discussed.

scholarly journals Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Yukyung Kim ◽  
Sanghyuck Lee ◽  
Hyeonseok Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.

scholarly journals The Latest Trends of Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials.

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
HITOSHI NISHIZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polymeric Materials

scholarly journals Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi NISHIZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polymeric Materials

Definitions of terms relating to reactions of polymers and to functional polymeric materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2003)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Horie ◽  
Máximo Barón ◽  
R. B. Fox ◽  
J. He ◽  
M. Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Functional Polymers ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polymer Reactions

The document defines the terms most commonly encountered in the field of polymer reactions and functional polymers. The scope has been limited to terms that are specific to polymer systems. The document is organized into three sections. The first defines the terms relating to reactions of polymers. Names of individual chemical reactions are omitted from the document, even in cases where the reactions are important in the field of polymer reactions. The second section defines the terms relating to polymer reactants and reactive polymeric materials. The third section defines the terms describing functional polymeric materials.

Hydrogen-Bonded Three-Dimensional Molecular Architectures Featuring Carboxylate - Imidazole - Zinc Triad Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Yang ◽  
Shao-Liang Zheng ◽  
Jun Tao ◽  
Gao-Feng Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Lattice Water ◽  
Carboxylate Oxygen ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Molecular Architectures ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

Two complexes, [Zn(Him)2(mpa)] (1) and [Zn(Him)2(tpa)]·H2O (2) (Him = imidazole, mpa = m-phthalate, and tpa = terephthalate), have been prepared and structurally characterized, revealing two different three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded molecular architectures. Each features [Zn(Him)2(dicarboxylate)] zigzag polymeric chains and intermolecular N–H…O hydrogen bonds between the uncoordinated Him nitrogen atoms and carboxylate oxygen atoms that are similar to the carboxylate–histidine–zinc triad systems in zinc(II) enzymes. The lattice water molecules in complex (2) play a critical role in the formation of a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded molecular architecture.

scholarly journals Surface Structures, Particles, and Fibers of Shape-Memory Polymers at Micro-/Nanoscale

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Liangliang Cao ◽  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Cihui Zhou ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Nanoscale Structures

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are one kind of smart polymers and can change their shapes in a predefined manner under stimuli. Shape-memory effect (SME) is not a unique ability for specific polymeric materials but results from the combination of a tailored shape-memory creation procedure (SMCP) and suitable molecular architecture that consists of netpoints and switching domains. In the last decade, the trend toward the exploration of SMPs to recover structures at micro-/nanoscale occurs with the development of SMPs. Here, the progress of the exploration in micro-/nanoscale structures, particles, and fibers of SMPs is reviewed. The preparation method, SMCP, characterization of SME, and applications of surface structures, free-standing particles, and fibers of SMPs at micro-/nanoscale are summarized.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Elena Bodoki ◽  
Bogdan-Cezar Iacob ◽  
Ede Bodoki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Cancer Management

Despite the considerable effort made in the past decades, multiple aspects of cancer management remain a challenge for the scientific community. The severe toxicity and poor bioavailability of conventional chemotherapeutics, and the multidrug resistance have turned the attention of researchers towards the quest of drug carriers engineered to offer an efficient, localized, temporized, and doze-controlled delivery of antitumor agents of proven clinical value. Molecular imprinting of chemotherapeutics is very appealing in the design of drug delivery systems since the specific and selective binding sites created within the polymeric matrix turn these complex structures into value-added carriers with tunable features, notably high loading capacity, and a good control of payload release. Our work aims to summarize the present state-of-the art of molecularly imprinted polymer-based drug delivery systems developed for anticancer therapy, with emphasis on the particularities of the chemotherapeutics’ release and with a critical assessment of the current challenges and future perspectives of these unique drug carriers.

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