scholarly journals Novel chemistry of indole in the synthesis of heterocycles

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1417-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Addition ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Methods ◽  
First Time

Indoles that are substituted at the 2- or 3-position with electron-withdrawing groups (nitro, phenylsulfonyl) undergo nucleophilic addition, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and Diels–Alder reactions to give a variety of indoles, pyrroloindoles, and carbazoles. New methods for the synthesis of furo[3,4-b]indoles and the novel ring system furo[3,4-b]pyrrole are described for the first time. Diels–Alder reactions of furo[3,4-b]pyrroles afford indoles after dehydration of the primary cycloadducts. Efficient syntheses of both 2- and 3-nitroindoles from indole are reported, and the first generation and successful electrophilic trapping of a 2,3-dilithioindole has been achieved.

Rybakov's Deti Arbata: Reintegrating Stalin into Soviet History

Slavic Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
First Time

The Soviet reappraisal of Stalin that began in 1986 was initially manifest only in the cultural sphere, although more recently it has spread to other domains. Anatolii Rybakov's novel Deti Arbata played a decisive role in preparing the way for a reassessment of Stalin's legacy. Its publication was immediately recognized as “an event of enormous significance,” reflecting the hunger for history and the wish to dethrone Stalin. In fact, the novel became the symbol of glasnost. It is the first novel to portray Stalin as a major character, to draw his psychological and historical portrait, and to demythologize his image. Furthermore, it does so for the first time without khitroglasie. Portraying the first generation of Soviet citizens, the children of the Arbat, it introduces the theme of exile into Soviet literature and sketches the social relations and the social psychology of the people in 1934.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

Basic Andragogy-Oriented Strategies and Communication in Online Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Anca Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World

AbstractWith the rapid onset of an unprecedented lifestyle due to the new coronavirus COVID-19 the world academic scene was forced to reform and adapt to the novel circumstances. Although online education cannot be regarded as a groundbreaking endeavour anymore in the21st century, its current character of exclusivity calls for deeper understanding of, and a sharper focus on the “end-consumer” thereof as well as more cautious procedures to be exercised while teaching. While millennials are no longer thought of as being born with a silver spoon in their mouth but with an iPad or any sort of device in their hand (irrespective of their social status), adults are more hesitant when coerced to alter course unexpectedly and turn to new methods of attaining their learning goals. This is why proper communicative approaches need to be thoroughly considered by online instructors. This article aims at presenting teachers with a set of strategies to employ when the beneficiaries of online academic education are adult learners.

Application of Novel Low Current OBIRCH Amplifier and Nanoprobing to Identify Subtle Leakages in Advanced Node Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kodali ◽  
Liangshan Chen ◽  
Yuting Wei ◽  
Tanya Schaeffer ◽  
Chong Khiam Oh
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Ring Oscillator ◽  
High Signal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Relative Threshold ◽  
First Time

Abstract Optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH) is a very well-adapted technique for static fault isolation in the semiconductor industry. Novel low current OBIRCH amplifier is used to facilitate safe test condition requirements for advanced nodes. This paper shows the differences between the earlier and novel generation OBIRCH amplifiers. Ring oscillator high standby leakage samples are analyzed using the novel generation amplifier. High signal to noise ratio at applied low bias and current levels on device under test are shown on various samples. Further, a metric to demonstrate the SNR to device performance is also discussed. OBIRCH analysis is performed on all the three samples for nanoprobing of, and physical characterization on, the leakage. The resulting spots were calibrated and classified. It is noted that the calibration metric can be successfully used for the first time to estimate the relative threshold voltage of individual transistors in advanced process nodes.

Rhythmic Prose in Imperial Greek Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
System A ◽  
First Time

The chapter looks at the division between poetry and prose in ancient and other literatures, and shows the importance of rhythmic patterning in ancient prose. The development of rhythmic prose in Greek and Latin is sketched, the system explained and illustrated (from Latin). It is firmly established, for the first time, which of the main Greek non-Christian authors 31 BC–AD 300 write rhythmically. The method takes a substantial sample of random sentence-endings (usually 400) from each of a large number of Imperial authors; it compares that sample with one sample of the same size (400) drawn randomly from a range of authors earlier than the invention of this rhythmic system. A particular sort of X2-test is applied. Many Imperial authors, it emerges, write rhythmically; many do not. The genres most likely to offer rhythmic writing are, unexpectedly, narrative: historiography and the novel.

Kidnapped

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Louis Stevenson ◽  
Ian Duncan
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
First Time ◽  
Adventure Stories

Your bed shall be the moorcock’s, and your life shall be like the hunted deer’s, and ye shall sleep with your hand upon your weapons.’ Tricked out of his inheritance, shanghaied, shipwrecked off the west coast of Scotland, David Balfour finds himself fleeing for his life in the dangerous company of Jacobite outlaw and suspected assassin Alan Breck Stewart. Their unlikely friendship is put to the test as they dodge government troops across the Scottish Highlands. Set in the aftermath of the 1745 rebellion, Kidnapped transforms the Romantic historical novel into the modern thriller. Its heart-stopping scenes of cross-country pursuit, distilled to a pure intensity in Stevenson’s prose, have become a staple of adventure stories from John Buchan to Alfred Hitchcock and Ian Fleming. Kidnapped remains as exhilarating today as when it was first published in 1886. This new edition is based on the 1895 text, incorporating Stevenson’s last thoughts about the novel before his death. It includes Stevenson’s ‘Note to Kidnapped’, reprinted for the first time since 1922.

Synthese neuer Pyridin-C-nukleoside der 2 ,3 -Didesoxyribose durch „inverse“ [4+2]-Cycloaddition Synthesis of Novel Pyridine-C-nucleosides of 2,3-Dideoxyribose by „Inverse“ [4+2]-Cycloaddition

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Seitz ◽  
Johanna Siegl
Keyword(s):  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Enol Ethers ◽  
Inverse Electron Demand ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Cyclic Ketene Acetals

The anomeric imido esters 5 and 6, appropriate precursors for C-nucleoside synthesis, were prepared and utilized as heterodienophiles in a Diels-Alder reaction with inverse electron demand to yield the novel, protected 1.2.4-triazine C-nucleosides 8 and 9. They could be deprotected by treatment with 70% trifluoroacetic acid to furnish the free C-nucleosides 10 and 11. The triazine „aglycon“ of 8 contains an electron deficient diazadiene system, highly activated to react with various electron rich dienophiles such as enamines, enol ethers and several cyclic ketene acetals in an „inverse“ [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction. The Diels-Alder adducts spontaneously eliminate N2 and after follow-up reactions the O-TBDPS protected pyridine-C-nucleosides 13, 15, 17,19, 21 and 23 are formed. Removal of the protecting group by treatment with CF3CO2H /H2O leads to the corresponding 2’,3’-dideoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl- pyridines.

scholarly journals Efficient TALEN-mediated gene knockin at the bovine Y chromosome and generation of a sex-reversal bovine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang ◽  
ZhaoLin Sun ◽  
Fangrong Ding ◽  
Haiping Wang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Fetal Fibroblasts ◽  
Male Phenotype ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
First Time

AbstractFunctional elucidation of bovine Y-chromosome genes requires available genome editing technologies. Meanwhile, it has yet to be proven whether the bovine Sry gene is the main or single factor involved in the development of the male phenotype in bovine. Here, we efficiently knocked out four Y-linked genes (Sry, ZFY, DDX3Y, and EIF2S3Y) in bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFFs) with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) individually. Furthermore, we used TALEN-mediated gene knockin at the Sry gene and generated a sex-reversal bovine by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The resulting bovine had only one ovary and was sterile. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the Sry gene is an important sex-determining gene in bovine. Our method lays a solid foundation for detecting the biology of the bovine Y chromosome, as it may provide an alternative biological model system for the study of mammalian sex determination, and new methods for the practical application in agricultural, especially for sex predetermination.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of the Tetracyclic Ring-System of Isocryptolepine and Regioiso-Mers for Antimalarial, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3268
Author(s):  
Katja S. Håheim ◽  
Emil Lindbäck ◽  
Kah Ni Tan ◽  
Marte Albrigtsen ◽  
Ida T. Urdal Helgeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Prostate Cancer ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

A series of novel quinoline-based tetracyclic ring-systems were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiplasmodial, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. The novel hydroiodide salts 10 and 21 showed the most promising antiplasmodial inhibition, with compound 10 displaying higher selectivity than the employed standards. The antiproliferative assay revealed novel pyridophenanthridine 4b to be significantly more active against human prostate cancer (IC50 = 24 nM) than Puromycin (IC50 = 270 nM) and Doxorubicin (IC50 = 830 nM), which are used for clinical treatment. Pyridocarbazoles 9 was also moderately effective against all the employed cancer cell lines and moreover showed excellent biofilm inhibition (9a: MBIC = 100 µM; 9b: MBIC = 100 µM).

Neue Phospha- und Arsa-Heterocyclen aus Cyclophosphanen bzw. -arsanen (ECF3)n (E = P, As; n = 4, 5) und 1,3-Dienen / Novel Phospha- and Arsa-Heterocycles from Cyclophosphanes or -arsanes (ECF3)n (E = P, As; n = 4, 5) and 1,3-Dienes

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Karst ◽  
Burkhardt Broschk ◽  
Joseph Grobe ◽  
Duc Le Van
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Novel

Reaction of the cyclotetraphosphane (PCF3)4 or of a mixture of (PCF3)4 and (PCF3)5 with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene or isoprene at 25 °C leads to the [4 + 2]-cycloadducts of bis(trifluoromethyl) diphosphene and the phospholene derivatives 2a and 2b, respectively, in the molar ratio diphosphinine/phospholene = 1/2. The analogous reactions of the cycloarsanes (AsCF3)4,5 give the Diels/Alder compounds 4 and 5 of bis(trifluoromethyl)diarsene in 90% yield without arsolene formation. Cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and cis or trans piperylene do not react with (AsCF3)4,5, up to temperatures of 60 °C. However, the corresponding [4 + 2]-cycloadducts 6 - 8 are produced by irradiation of the reaction mixture with UV light. The novel phospholenes 2a and 2b as well as the diarsinines 4 - 8 have been characterized by spectroscopic data (MS, NMR, IR). 2a was coordinated as a phosphane ligand to the pentacarbonylchromium fragment by reaction with the photochemically generated complex Cr(CO)5 · THF to afford the new compound (3).

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