Measures taken against water pollution in the kraft pulp and paper industry

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 263-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hammar ◽  
S. Rydholm
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper

Proposal for water reuse in the Kraft pulp and paper industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kossar ◽  
K. J. Amaral ◽  
S. S. Martinelli ◽  
M. C. L. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Machines

The reuse of wastewater by the pulp and paper industry reduces environmental impacts by contributing to raw water conservation, thereby making a greater volume of fresh water available for nobler purposes, and reducing wastewater treatment. This study evaluated a proposed system of water reuse at a Kraft pulp and paper plant in Brazil, based on a survey of water quality required by its consumption points, supplied by its water treatment plant. Results after ultrafiltration included: turbidity of 0,3 NTU and pH 7,5, average values of BOD 66,4 mg/L, COD 9,6 mg/L and the colour of 280,5 ppm Pt were measured after ultrafiltration. The ultrafiltered wastewater was considered available for reuse, and its quality was compared with that of the water supplied by the water treatment plant, which provided for the classification of potential reuse points. Water colour was identified as the limiting factor for reuse; thus the reuse points were two Kraft paper machines, and the water flow to the liquid ring formations that generate the vacuums inside nineteen pumps for these two machines. The advantages of this proposal for water reuse include: ultrafiltered water quality sufficient for the vacuum pumps, the small distance between the point of reused water generation and the paper machines section, and the reused water has no contact with the final product. The calculated cost and return time for the water reuse system was US$ 607.020,00 in 15 years.

Ultra- and Nano-Filtration in Advanced Effluent Treatment Schemes for Pollution Control in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaidi ◽  
H. Buisson ◽  
S. Sourirajan ◽  
H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Shear

The kraft pulp and paper industry is currently faced with the challenge of substantially reducing the discharge of conventional and toxic pollutants to the receiving environment without compromising its competitiveness. Ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) are among the various unit processes that are being investigated by researchers interested in developing alternative schemes for meeting this challenge. The objectives of the work presented here were: (i) to review the potential uses for UF and NF in the kraft pulp and paper industry and (ii) to evaluate the performance of eleven UF and NF membranes using a caustic extraction stage effluent from a kraft mill pulping softwood with a O D55/C45 EO H D bleaching sequence. The experimental work was conducted with two flat-sheets bench-scale units fed in parallel: a low shear and a high shear unit. The most promising UF membrane gave an average permeate flux of 9 m3m2d for a volume reduction factor (VRF) of 30, under high-shear conditions at 0.69 MPa. The associated COD rejections ranged from 85%–90% at a VRF of 1 down to 70–75% at a VRF of 30. While the results demonstrated in this study show promise, further research is needed to demonstrate the cost effectiveness of both high-shear and low-shear equipment for this application as well as options for the reuse or treatment of the diluted and concentrated streams produced by the UF/NF systems.

scholarly journals A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Gasification-Based Biorefining in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Ryan E. Katofsky ◽  
Kristiina Iisa ◽  
W. James Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Benefit Assessment

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

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