Real-time unstructured road detection based on CNN and Gibbs energy function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mingzhou Liu ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Qiannan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Energy Function ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Gibbs Energy Function ◽  
Road Detection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Random Sample Consensus

Road detection algorithms with high robustness as well as timeliness are the basis for developing intelligent assisted driving systems. To improve the robustness as well as the timeliness of unstructured road detection, a new algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, for the first frame in the video, the homography matrix H is estimated based on the improved random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm for different regions in the image, and the features of H are automatically extracted using convolutional neural network (CNN), which in turn enables road detection. Secondly, in order to improve the rate of subsequent similar frame detection, the color as well as texture features of the road are extracted from the detection results of the first frame, and the corresponding Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are constructed based on Orchard-Bouman, and then the Gibbs energy function is used to achieve road detection in subsequent frames. Finally, the above algorithm is verified in a real unstructured road scene, and the experimental results show that the algorithm is 98.4% accurate and can process 58 frames per second with 1024×960 pixels.

The Gibbs Energy Description of Nd:YAG System

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jin Cui ◽  
Wei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Energy Function ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Thermochemical Data ◽  
Gibbs Energy Function ◽  
Sublattice Model ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Compounds Stability

Sublattice model is used to describe the complex system, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), and then Gibbs energy function of Nd:YAG system is seriously evaluated, mainly focusing on the instability of NAG, which has a direct effect on the Gibbs energy of NAG as well as Nd:YAG. Incorporating the selected literature thermochemical data of Nd:YAG system with the reevaluated parameters in Gibbs energy function according to a method utilized for defining the instability of NAG, the Gibbs energy function is well described. Trying to be more convincible, the method utilized for defining compounds stability and reevaluating the parameters has been test in Al2O3-Nd2O3, Al2O3-Y2O3, Al2O3-Gd2O3, Al2O3-Sm2O3 systems, achieving a satisfying agreement.

B2 Phases and their Defect Structures: Part I. Ab Initio Enthalpy of Formation and Enthalpy of Mixing in the Al-Ni-Pt-Ru System

2004 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Prins ◽  
Raymundo Arroyave ◽  
Chao Jiang ◽  
Zi-Kui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Energy Function ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Enthalpy Of Mixing ◽  
Enthalpies Of Formation ◽  
Gibbs Energy Function ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
Sublattice Model ◽  
Local Pair

ABSTRACTThe enthalpies of formation of the bcc phases in the Al-Ni-Pt-Ru system, particularly in the Al-Ru binary and Pt-Al-Ru ternary subsystems, were calculated by first principle methods. The enthalpies of formation for stoichiometric bcc-B2 phases have been calculated using both the GGA and LDA approximations, while the enthalpies of formation for B2 phases with large amounts of constitutional defects (both vacancies and anti-site atoms) were calculated using the Special Quasirandom Structures (SQS) approach. The enthalpies of mixing for the disordered bcc-A2 phases have also been calculated with SQS by mimicking the random bcc alloy with the local pair and multisite correlation functions. The calculated B2 lattice parameters for the different defect structures were compared with experimental results. These results are used as input values for the CALPHAD modified sublattice model to describe the A2/B2 phases with one Gibbs energy function.

Thermodynamic characterization of high-temperature superconductors in the yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen system. The Y123 solid solution (Technical Report)

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Gibbs Energy Function ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Y123 Phase ◽  
Barium Copper ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Consistent Thermodynamic Data

The aim of this report is to inform the chemical community about a self-consistent thermodynamic data set for the YBa2 Cu3 O6+z (1 ≥ z ≥ 0) solid solution, that is well known as the Y123 phase and possesses superconducting properties at z~1 and low temperatures. About 3300 experimental points obtained in 240 miscellaneous experiments published in 78 papers have been processed simultaneously in order to obtain the most reliable Gibbs energy function of the Y123 phase in the temperature range from 250 to 1300 K and pressures up to 100 kbar. A function is recommended for approximation of the Gibbs energy, which has 16 adjustable parameters. All other thermodynamic properties of the Y123 solution, including the conditions for its internal stability, can be derived from the assessed Gibbs energy. Brief descriptions of the thermodynamic model, experimental and data assessment methods as well as examples of self-consistent thermodynamic data applications are given.

Evaluation of the Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Ordered γ’ and Disordered γ Phases in the Ni-Al-Ta System

2002 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihuai Zhou ◽  
Long-Qing Chen ◽  
Rebecca A. MacKay ◽  
Zi-Kui Li u
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Gibbs Energy Function ◽  
Ternary Interaction ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Rich Side ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the ternary Ni-Al-Ta system on Ni-rich side were analyzed. Thermodynamic descriptions of the liquid, γ-fcc, γ'-L12, and π-Ni6AlTa phases were obtained using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHase Diagrams) technique. The thermodynamics of γ-fcc and γ'-L12 phases were modeled with a single Gibbs energy function taking into account the crystallographic relation between the two phases. The ternary interaction parameters of the liquid and fcc phases were also determined. The calculated phase diagrams of the ternary Ni-Al-Ta system show a good agreement with experimental data.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Vacancy on Thermodynamic Behaviors in BCC W Close to Melting Point: A Thermodynamic Study

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Tang ◽  
Lijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Gibbs Energy Function ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Thermal Vacancy ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Linear Thermodynamic

As temperature increases, the thermal vacancy concentration in pure metals dramatically increases and causes some strongly non-linear thermodynamic behaviors in pure metals when close to their melting points. In this paper, we chose body-centered cubic (bcc) W as the target and presented a thermodynamic model to account for its Gibbs energy of pure bcc W from 0 K to melting point by including the contribution of thermal vacancy. A new formula for interaction part was proposed for describing the quadratic temperature behavior of vacancy formation energy. Based on the experimental/first-principles computed thermodynamic properties, all the parameters in the Gibbs energy function were assessed by following the proposed two-step optimization strategy. The thermodynamic behaviors, i.e., the strong nonlinear increase for temperature dependence of heat capacities at high temperatures and a nonlinear Arrhenius plot of vacancy concentration, in bcc W can be well reproduced by the obtained Gibbs energy. The successful description of thermal vacancy on such strongly non-linear thermodynamic behaviors in bcc W indicates that the presently proposed thermodynamic model and optimization strategy should be universal ones and are applicable to all other metals.

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