The Therapeutic Test: An Ancient Malady in the 21 st Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C Schmalstieg ◽  
Armond S Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Test

A Proposed Pilocarpine Therapeutic Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rothkoff ◽  
B. Biedner ◽  
Y. Biger ◽  
M. Blumenthal
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Test

Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Gastric Ulcer. The Value of the Therapeutic Test

Digestion ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Souza Meireles ◽  
Agostinho Bettarello ◽  
Joao O. Martinez ◽  
Nicola Cupelo ◽  
Schlioma Zaterka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Therapeutic Test

Determination of the Therapeutic Mean Effective Doses of Several Anti-inflammatory Agents in Adjuvant Arthritic Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Martel ◽  
J. Klicius ◽  
F. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Relative Potency ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Therapeutic Test

The large variation in the severity of the arthritic response of the adjuvant-injected rat often makes it impossible to obtain statistically manageable dose–response curves with anti-inflammatory drugs. Consequently, the relative potency of anti-inflammatory drugs generally was not established. In the present study, with a modification of the therapeutic test, reliable dose–response curves were obtained with seven anti-inflammatory drugs. With this method the "therapeutic" mean effective dose (ED50) and relative potency were calculated by probit analysis. Charles River rats were injected in the left hind paw with adjuvant. On day 14, rats with an injected paw volume of 4–6 ml that increased by at least 0.5 ml between days 10 and 14 were selected for drug treatment. Groups of 6–12 rats with a mean injected paw volume of 5–5.5 ml were formed. Dosing with compounds was started on day 14 and continued daily until day 22 (nine injections). Ninety-four percent of the arthritic control rats showed a further increase in injected paw size between days 14 and 22 (mean, 1.06 ± 0.12 ml) whereas rats dosed with anti-inflammatory compounds showed a dose-related decrease in paw size during the same period. A decrease of 0.5 ml or more between days 14 and 22 was considered to be a therapeutic effect, smaller decreases were taken as no effect. The oral ED50's in milligrams per kilogram were indomethacin, 0.22 ± 0.05; prednisolone, 3.49 ± 1.0; hydrocortisone, 12.4 ± 3.0; phenylbutazone, 13.27 ± 2.7; mefenamic acid 20.10 ± 5.8; aminopyrine, 129.95 ± 25.3; and aspirin, 279.0 ± 24.6. Except for aspirin, the relative potency of the compounds studied by this therapeutic test (chronic) was comparable to that reported for the acute carrageenin assay. Aspirin appears to be markedly less active in chronic inflammation than in acute. This finding is consistent with both experimental and clinical observations.

scholarly journals Establishment and Optimisation of Anti-Babesia microti Drug Efficacy Evaluation Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yin ◽  
Hao-bing Zhang ◽  
Yi Tao ◽  
Jun-Min Yao ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Therapeutic Test

Abstract BackgroundBabesiosis, an infectious zoonotic parasitic disease that occurs globally, is most commonly caused by Babesia microti. For a severe infection, a combination of exchange transfusion and support-therapy is used and, for a mild infection, single antibiotics, or a combination of antibiotics and antiprotozoal drugs, are used for 7–10 days for the treatment of babesiosis; however, as these treatments have problems, a new therapy is needed. Although aetiological and molecular biology methods are often used in drug screening, these methods have disadvantages and there is no standard anti-B. microti drug screening method.MethodThis study was consisted of basal test, drug-suppressive test and drug-therapeutic test. BALB/c mice were used as the animal model and robenidine hydrochloride (ROBH) was used as a positive drug. By modifying Peter’s 4-day suppression method, immunosuppressive and subpassage tests were conducted, in combination with microscopy and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR), the current anti-B. microti drug screening method was optimised. SPSS was used for data analysis.Result1) In the basal test, there were significant differences in the erythrocyte infection rate (EIR) and relative value of the target gene (P = 0.011 and 0.012, respectively) among days. The blood of infected mice 28, 35, and 37 days post-infection (dpi) could infect healthy second-generation mice, even if no parasites could be observed under a light microscope. Resurgence occurred when the immunity of an infected mouse decreased to a certain extent after using an immunosuppressant.2) In the drug-suppressive test, no B. microti was observed under the light microscope in any ROBH group after drug administration. Significant differences were observed in the EIR and relative value of the target gene (both P < 0.001) between the control group and ROBH groups. No B. microti was observed after the administration of an immunosuppressant or in second-generation mice in ROBH-treated groups; however, B. microti was observed in control and proguanil hydrochloride-treated groups.3) In the drug-therapeutic test, there were significant differences in the EIR and relative value of the target gene between the 100 mg/kg ROBH groups and the control group (P = 0.049 and < 0.001, respectively) but not between ROBH groups and atovaquone-azithromycin group (P = 0.587 and 0.418, respectively). None of the second-generation mice in any drug-treated group were infected, whereas all the second-generation mice in the control group were infected; parasites could be observed in the control group from the 2nd day after the administration of an immunosuppressant, several parasites were observed in the atovaquone-azithromycin group from the 10th day after the administration of an immunosuppressant, and no parasites were observed in ROBH groups. ConclusionROBH can be used as a positive drug in anti-B. microti drug screening trials. qPCR results can be used as a judgment standard in preliminary screening tests and the combination of immunosuppressive and subpassage experiments can be used to validate drug efficacy.

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