Comment: Comparison of Simvastatin Tablets from the US and International Markets Obtained via the Internet

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1147
Author(s):  
Michael A Veronin
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Us

Comparison of Simvastatin Tablets from the US and International Markets Obtained via the Internet

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Veronin ◽  
Nga T Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Innovator Product ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
The Us

Background: Convenient access to prescription drugs produced outside the US has been facilitated by the Internet. Of greatest concern to clinicians and policy-makers is product quality and patient safety. The Food and Drug Administration has issued warnings to potential buyers that the safety of drugs purchased through the Internet cannot be guaranteed and may present consumers with a health risk from substandard products. Objective: To determine whether generic simvastatin tablets and capsules obtained via the Internet from international markets are equivalent to the US innovator product regarding major aspects of pharmaceutical quality. Methods: Twenty simvastatin tablets and capsules were obtained for pharmaceutical analysis: 19 generic samples from international Internet pharmacy Web sites and the US innovator product. Tablet samples were tested according to US Pbarmacopeial (USP) guidelines where applicable, using high-performance liquid chromatography, disintegration, dissolution, weight variation, hardness, and assessment of physical characteristics. These tests are often used to detect formulation defects of drug products during the manufacturing process. Results: Several international samples analyzed were not comparable to the US product in one or more aspects of quality assurance testing, and significant variability was found among foreign-made tablets themselves. Five samples failed to meet USP standards for dissolution and 2 for content uniformity. Among all samples, variability was observed in hardness, weight, and physical characterization. Conclusions: Results suggest that manufacturing standards for the international generic drug products compared with the US innovator product are not equivalent with regard to quality attributes. These findings have implications for safety and effectiveness that should be considered by clinicians to potentially safeguard patients who choose to purchase foreign-manufactured drugs via the Internet.

Reaching Spanish-Speakers in Self-Administered Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Michael Brick ◽  
Andrew Caporaso ◽  
Douglas Williams ◽  
David Cantor
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
English Only ◽  
Eligible Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
Survey Estimates

Decisions on public policy can be affected if important segments of the population are systematically excluded from the data used to drive the decisions. In the US, Spanishspeakers make up an important subgroup that surveys conducted in English-only underrepresent. This subgroup differs in a variety of characteristics and they are less likely to respond to surveys in English-only. These factors lead to nonresponse biases that are problematic for survey estimates. For surveys conducted by mail, one solution is to include both English and Spanish materials in the survey package. For addresses in the US where Spanish-speakers are likely to be living, this approach is effective, but it still may omit some non-English-speakers. Traditionally, including both English and Spanish materials for addresses not identified as likely to have Spanish-speakers was considered problematic due to concerns of a backlash effect. The backlash effect is that predominantly English-speakers might respond at a lower rate because of the inclusion of Spanish materials. Prior research found no evidence of a backlash, but used a twophase approach with a short screener questionnaire to identify the eligible population for an education survey. In this paper, we report on experiments in two surveys that extend the previous research to criminal victimization and health communication single-phase surveys. These experiments test the effect of the inclusion of Spanish language materials for addresses not identified as likely to have Spanish-speakers. Our findings confirm most results of the previous research; however we find no substantial increase in Spanish-only participation when the materials are offered in both languages for addresses that are not likely to have Spanish-speakers. We offer some thoughts on these results and directions for future research, especially with respect to collecting data by the Internet.

Archived Attributes: An Internet-Text Approach to Measuring Legislator Attitudes and Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Kalah Gade ◽  
Sarah Dreier ◽  
John Wilkerson ◽  
Anne Washington
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Religious Rhetoric ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Time Invariant

Abstract The Internet Archive curated a 90-terabyte sub-collection of captures from the US government's public website domain (‘.gov’). Such archives provide largely untapped resources for measuring attributes, behaviors and outcomes relevant to political science research. This study leverages this archive to measure a novel dimension of federal legislators' religiosity: their proportional use of religious rhetoric on official congressional websites (2006–2012). This scalable, time-variant measure improves upon more costly, time-invariant conventional approaches to measuring legislator attributes. The authors demonstrate the validity of this method for measuring legislators' public-facing religiosity and discuss the contributions and limitations of using archived Internet data for scientific analysis. This research makes three applied methodological contributions: (1) it develops a new measure for legislator religiosity, (2) it models an improved, more comprehensive approach to analyzing congressional communications and (3) it demonstrates the unprecedented potential that archived Internet data offer to researchers seeking to develop meaningful, cost-effective approaches to analyzing political phenomena.

scholarly journals Considerations Of E-Commerce Within A Globalizing Context

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gatica Barrientos ◽  
Emma Rosa Cruz Sosa ◽  
Patricia E. Garcia Castro
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
Business To Business

The objective of this work, is to analyze the meaning of electronic commerce in our days taking into account the information technologies; it also will analyze their adjustments, their trends and applications of the same, in the Business to Consumer Relations (B2C), Business to Employee (B2E) and Business to Administration (B2A), Consumer to Consumer (C2C), Citizen to Government (C2G), Business to Government (B2G) and, Business to Business (B2B), as well as how information systems have been very useful to reduce costs, getting technology to change from being an operating support tool to become a strategy one, to increase the sales volume and the profits of the business as a result of this. The trend being taken by businesses and consumers has increased the participation of the companies which apply it in a comprehensive manner, since they reach international markets, while also face another kind of competition that takes place in a global market. We conclude that electronic commerce will remain a tool of great importance to efficiently manage the chains of supply between businesses and consumers through the Internet which allows an integration to reduce costs of ordering, distribution, administration and delivery of input materials.

The Impact of Internet Adoption on the International Marketing of the Jordanian Banking Sector

2013 ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Said Al-Hasan ◽  
Brychan C. Thomas ◽  
Ayman Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Implementation

The research aims are to explore the extent of the banking sector’s adoption of Internet applications in Jordan for marketing products and to identify the impact of such adoption on developing international markets. This study also aims to determine the major obstacles restraining banks marketing their products internationally through the Internet and to make recommendations conducive to an effective and optimal implementation of Internet applications for marketing bank products locally and internationally. The statistical software package SPSS was used to analyse data and test hypotheses and from the findings a series of recommendations were formulated for upgrading the banking industry in Jordan. A population frame included banking organisations in Jordan and a research sample of 19 banks was used involving an inclusive field survey. For the unit of analysis, the study analysed information and data gathered through the questionnaire which was distributed to managers and other personnel involved in marketing at banks. Statistical methods used to analyse data and test hypotheses were frequency rates and percentages relevant to the questionnaire, standard deviations and means, and multiple regression analysis. The key results from the statistical analysis have shown that the Jordanian banking sector’s adoption of the Internet has had an impact on the international clients’ commitment towards the banks.

The Impact of Internet Adoption on the International Marketing of the Jordanian Banking Sector

2014 ◽  
pp. 1328-1343
Author(s):  
Said Al-Hasan ◽  
Brychan Thomas ◽  
Ayman Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Implementation

The research aims are to explore the extent of the banking sector's adoption of Internet applications in Jordan for marketing products and to identify the impact of such adoption on developing international markets. This study also aims to determine the major obstacles restraining banks marketing their products internationally through the Internet and to make recommendations conducive to an effective and optimal implementation of Internet applications for marketing bank products locally and internationally. The statistical software package SPSS was used to analyse data and test hypotheses and from the findings a series of recommendations were formulated for upgrading the banking industry in Jordan. A population frame included banking organisations in Jordan and a research sample of 19 banks was used involving an inclusive field survey. For the unit of analysis, the study analysed information and data gathered through the questionnaire which was distributed to managers and other personnel involved in marketing at banks. Statistical methods used to analyse data and test hypotheses were frequency rates and percentages relevant to the questionnaire, standard deviations and means, and multiple regression analysis. The key results from the statistical analysis have shown that the Jordanian banking sector's adoption of the Internet has had an impact on the international clients' commitment towards the banks.

A Rhetorical-Prototype Mechanism for Creating International E-Marketing Materials

2005 ◽  
pp. 297-322
Author(s):  
Kirk St.Amant
Keyword(s):  
Web Site ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Site Design ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Marketing Materials ◽  
Design Firms

The global diffusion of the Internet has resulted in a new degree of access to international markets. Creating successful online materials for international consumers, however, requires an understanding of cultural expectations related to visual design. For this reason, a mechanism that examines such expectations can facilitate international e-marketing success. This chapter proposes a methodology marketers and design firms can use to address cultural expectations in relation to Web site design. By using this method, individuals can increase the chances that e-marketing materials will meet with success in the global marketplace.

Legal Treatment of Cyber Crimes Against Women in USA

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
Crimes Against Women

US, is one country, which started the evolution of the Internet and also the first to be affected and the first to retaliate to the ugly side of the Internet, the cyber crimes. US saw a sea of growth in the cyber crimes against women and created new laws to mitigate such crime and prevent future victimization. In this chapter, we discuss about various laws developed by the US to prevent cyber victimization of women as well as conventional laws that were applied to protect women in cyber space. Regulation of crimes in cyber space such as cyber bullying, cyber stalking are examined in detail. The issue of privacy in cyber space vis-à-vis the laws related to that are identified and analyzed.

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