Application of Gamma Rays from D(α,γ)6Li and 19F(α,n)22Na to Alpha Particle Diagnostics

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (2T) ◽  
pp. 262-264
Author(s):  
K. Ochiai ◽  
N. Kubota ◽  
A. Taniike ◽  
A. Kitamura ◽  
K. Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Diagnostics

Confined alpha particle diagnostics for ITER based on measurements of gamma rays emitted from D(α,γ)6Li reaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 10E730 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ochiai ◽  
N. Kubota ◽  
A. Taniike ◽  
A. Kitamura ◽  
T. Nishitani
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Diagnostics

Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Wolfgang Pauli ◽  
Beta Particles

Serious contradictions to the existence of electrons in nuclei impinged in one way or another on the theory of beta decay and became acute when Charles Ellis and William Wooster proved, in an experimental tour de force in 1927, that beta particles are emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a continuous distribution of energies. Bohr concluded that energy is not conserved in the nucleus, an idea that Wolfgang Pauli vigorously opposed. Another puzzle arose in alpha-particle experiments. Walther Bothe and his co-workers used his coincidence method in 1928–30 and concluded that energetic gamma rays are produced when polonium alpha particles bombard beryllium and other light nuclei. That stimulated Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie to carry out related experiments. These experimental results were thoroughly discussed at a conference that Enrico Fermi organized in Rome in October 1931, whose proceedings included the first publication of Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis.

scholarly journals Secondary gamma rays excited by the passage of neutrons through matter

1935 ◽  
Vol 150 (871) ◽  
pp. 637-668 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Beta Particle ◽  
Nuclear Excitation ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Scattering Material ◽  
Pass Through

It is well known that the absorption of neutrons in their passage through matter is due to nuclear collisions, and not appreciably to interaction with extranuclear electrons. A collision of a neutron with a nucleus may result in the scattering of the neutron, or in the disintegration of the nucleus. The experiments of Feather and of Harkins, Gans, and Newson§ have shown that several light elements, C, N, O, F, Ne are disintegrated, the mechanism probably being absorption of the neutron and emission of an alpha particle. Fermi|| has reported that a variety of elements when bombarded by neutrons show the phenomenon of induced radioactivity, emitting beta rays. He suggests that the disintegration process takes place usually by absorption of a neutron and emission of an alpha particle or proton, the resulting nucleus being an unstable radio element, transforming into a stable body by emission of a beta particle. The experiments here to be described show that when neutrons pass through various substances, gamma rays are produced. The origin of this radiation has not definitely been established; nuclear excitation appears to be the most plausible explanation in most cases. 2—Experimental Method The general method consisted in measuring the ionization current produced by a Po + Be source (usually of about 10-15 millicuries) placed above a high pressure ionization chamber, and observing the increased ionization when a block of scattering material was placed immediately above the source. A correction was applied for the diminution of the natural effect caused by the scatterer. The increase in ionization amounted usually to 2-3%, and thus to obtain even a rough measurement of the effect, accurate measurements of the ionization currents were required. For this reason the high pressure ionization chamber was usually used in preference to the counter, since measurements to one part in a thousand are impracticable with the latter. The ionization method has, however, the disadvantage that both gamma rays and neutrons are detected. To distinguish between the two radiations, two similar ionization chambers were used, one containing argon at a pressure of 90 atmospheres, the other hydrogen at about 60 atmospheres. The former is more sensitive to gamma radiation, the latter to neutrons. The ionization chambers were of steel and had cylindrical walls 1 cm thick; the radiations entered through the roofs of the chambers, which were 2·5 cm thick. The inside dimensions were 16 cm high and 12 cm diameter, with a 2-cm diameter central electrode. Collecting potentials of 250-500 volts were used. Measurements were made by a balance method and followed standard practice. From the measurements of ionization currents in argon and hydrogen estimates may be made of the neutron ( n ) and gamma ray (γ) intensities separately. The method by which this is achieved is described in § 11.

Fusion alpha-particle diagnostics for DT experiments on the joint European torus

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Kiptily ◽  
P. Beaumont ◽  
F. Belli ◽  
F. E. Cecil ◽  
S. Conroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Diagnostics

In-Beam Study of the9Be(α,n1γ)12C Reaction and Alpha-Particle Diagnostics

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilij G. Kiptilyj ◽  
Alexander V. Matjukov ◽  
A. S. Mishin ◽  
Victor O. Najdenov ◽  
Igor A. Polunovskij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Diagnostics

scholarly journals Coordination of the Ser2056 and Thr2609 Clusters of DNA-PKcs in Regulating Gamma Rays and Extremely Low Fluencies of Alpha-Particle Irradiation to G0/G1 Phase Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatsumi Nagasawa ◽  
Yu-Fen Lin ◽  
Takamitsu A. Kato ◽  
John R. Brogan ◽  
Hung-Ying Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
G1 Phase ◽  
Particle Irradiation
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