scholarly journals Fenologia e modos de polinização e dispersão de Fabaceae em floresta ciliar, Chapada Diamantina, Nordeste do Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isys Mascarenhas Souza ◽  
Ligia Silveira Funch
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Leaf Flushing ◽  
Leaf Flush ◽  
Reproductive Events

Phenological patterns have been described based on frequency, period and duration of the events and analyzed as a function of biotic and abiotic factors with the vegetative and reproductive cycles of plant species commonly related to the precipitation and day length. In this work, we describe the phenological strategies of 11 Fabaceae species present in gallery forests along the Lençóis River, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil, and investigate the environmental factors influence and pollination and dispersal modes on the phenological patterns. Observations of vegetative (leaf flushing and leaf fall) and reproductive (bud, flower, immature fruit and mature fruit) phenology were made among a group of 75 individuals based on Fournier index (24 months). Interspecific synchrony was determined based on the presence or absence of each phenophase in the individuals. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of environmental variables on the phenophases, and Pearson correlation analysis between vegetative and reproductive events. Pollination and dispersal syndromes were defined based on field observations and literature. The species demonstrated non-seasonal vegetative and reproductive events, different of the expected for the family. However, the flowers and mature fruits (i.e., resources for pollinators and dispersal agents) were seasonal. The correlation with precipitation was positive to the leaf flush and negative to leaf fall and diaspore propagation. The leaf flushing, flowering and fruit maturation are correlated to day length. Our study reveals the occurrence of different groups of Fabaceae with distinct flowering and fruiting peaks related to pollination and dispersal syndromes, which minimize the niche overlapping among them.

scholarly journals Reproductive phenology of Ditassa burchellii (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a herbaceous vine, in a semi-deciduous forest from Brazil

Rodriguésia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Lopes Fontes ◽  
Adriano Valentin-Silva ◽  
Milene Faria Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Dispersal Mode ◽  
Rayleigh Test ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Abstract We analyzed the reproductive phenology of Ditassa burchellii and the influence of abiotic factors on the species phenophases. The study was conducted on individuals of a natural population from a semi-deciduous forest (Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil). We quantified the activity and intensity indices of the following phenophases: flower bud, flower, immature fruit, and dehiscent fruit. To test for seasonality of phenophases, we analyzed each of them using Rayleigh test. We evaluated whether there was any association between abiotic variables (mean temperature, rainfall, and day length) and phenophases, in the month of occurrence and in the three months prior to the occurrence of each phenophase. The analyzed phenophases occurred mainly at the end of the rainy season and during the dry season, with overlapping periods, but with sequential peaks. The periods of occurrence of reproductive phenophases were similar to the ones in other climbing species and were mainly related to the dispersal mode. All phenophases were seasonal and were associated with at least one abiotic variable, either in the month of their occurrence or in the previous months.

Phenology of two co-occurring Piper (Piperaceae) species in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Valentin-Silva ◽  
Milene F. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Sequential Flowering ◽  
Leaf Flush ◽  
Piper Gaudichaudianum

The co-occurrence of some species, including members of the Piper genus, has been shown to be associated with phenological factors. In the present study we analysed vegetative (sprout production and leaf flush) and reproductive phenophases (spike production, flowering, spike abortion, fruiting and dispersed spikes) of the co-occurring species Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth and Piper vicosanum Yunck. and checked the influence of abiotic factors on their phenological behaviour. Our study addressed natural populations in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest in south-eastern Brazil. In both species, the phenophases occurred mainly in the rainy season, were seasonal and associated with environmental variables, especially day length. However, sequential flowering and fruiting isolated them temporally from each other. Other differences were the growth of sexually reproductive sprouts (45.7% of the total sprouts) and the production of latent spikes in P. vicosanum; in P. gaudichaudianum, only 7.1% of the sprouts produced spikes that were not latent. Spike abortion was high: 73.8% (n = 474) in P. vicosanum and 84.8% (n = 231) in P. gaudichaudianum. The remaining spikes with fruits dispersed, on average, 293 and 1168 seeds per spike respectively. Although annual phenological behaviour of the species is regulated by similar environmental variables, their distinct reproductive strategies seem to favour the maintenance of the co-occurring populations.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO FENOLÓGICO DE Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers (METTENIUSACEAE) EM FRAGMENTO DE CERRADÃO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Patrícia Oliveira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Circular Statistic ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Events

Emmotum nitens é uma espécie bem conhecida em termos de florística e fitossociologia, entretanto, há poucos trabalhos que tratam-se de sua fenologia. Este estudo buscou avaliar a fenologia reprodutiva de uma população de E. nitens no Município de Rio Verde, Goiás. Observou-se mensalmente as fenofases reprodutivas (botão, antese, fruto imaturo e maduro) de 15 indivíduos. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se o método de Fournier e presença/ausência, e para analisar os mesmos utilizou-se a estatística circular e correlação com as variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura e precipitação). E. nitens produziu botões e flores de modo irregular ao longo do estudo, no entanto se correlacionaram positivamente com a temperatura. Durante todo estudo registrou-se frutos imaturos, embora as maiores concentrações ocorreram na transição do período seco-chuvoso e durante as chuvas, correlacionando-se positivamente com a precipitação. A maturação dos frutos iniciou-se no final da estação das chuvas, com maiores intensidades no período seco. Para E. nitens é mais vantajoso apresentar reprodução continua já que a mesma não é fortemente limitada pelas variáveis climáticas da área de estudo, do que seguir um padrão sazonal.Palavra-chave: fenologia, espécie de cerrado, eventos reprodutivos, correlação com metereologia. PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF EMMOTUM NITENS (BENTH.) MIERS (METTENIUSACEAE) ON CERRADÃO FRAGMENT ABSTRACT:Emmotum nitens is a well-known species in terms of floristic and phytosociology, however, there are few studies that deal with its phenology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive phenology of a population of E. nitens in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás. The reproductive phenomena (flower bud, anthesis, immature fruit and ripe fruit) were observed monthly in 15 individuals. Fournier method and presence/absence were used to collect the data, and to analyze them, the circular statistic and correlation with the meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation) were used. E. nitens produced flower bud and flowers irregularly throughout the study, however they correlated positively with temperature. During the whole study immature fruits were recorded, although the highest concentrations occurred in the transition from the dry-rainy season and during the rains, correlating positively with the precipitation. Fruit maturation began at the end of the rainy season, with higher intensities in the dry season. For E. nitens it is more advantageous to present continuous reproduction since it is not strongly limited by the climatic variables of the study area, rather than following a seasonal pattern.Keywords: phenology, species of cerrado, reproductive events, correlation with meteorology. DOI:

scholarly journals Phenology of Guarea macrophylla Vahl (Meliaceae) in subtropical riparian forest in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Müller ◽  
J. L. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Plant Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Early Occurrence

Abstract Climate is one of the main factors that affect plant behavior. The phenology of Guarea macrophylla Vahl, which is a small tree used for reforestation of degraded areas, was monitored for 18 months in a riparian forest at the Schmidt Stream, Campo Bom, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Vegetative (leaf fall and leaf flushing) and reproductive events were observed, with the latter divided into flowering (flower buds and anthesis) and fruiting (unripe, ripening and ripe fruit). Phenological events were related to temperature, photoperiod and precipitation and their seasonality was verified by circular statistical analysis. Vegetative phenophases were continuous; they were not related to climate factors and presented low intensity, emphasizing the perennial aspect of the species. Flowering occurred during spring and summer. Both flower buds and anthesis were related to temperature and photoperiod. Fruiting was constant and went through all stages of development. Unripe fruits developed during the months with the lowest photoperiod and ripen more intensely in winter, on colder days. Ripe fruit became available for dispersal in spring, in times of longer photoperiod and higher temperatures. Except for leaf fall, all other phenological events showed seasonality in their manifestation. The one-month difference between the onsets of the flowering phases observed in this study indicated that local climate changes induced the early occurrence of this phenophase.

scholarly journals Phenological pattern reproductive of Attalea speciosa Mart ex Spreng. in pasture area in the central region of Rondônia.

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonatas Cortes Rosa ◽  
Andreza Pereira Mendonça ◽  
Claudemir Carlos Ribeiro ◽  
Sylviane Beck Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Monthly Total Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Total ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Reproductive Events

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenology of the babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart ex Spreng.), aiming to subsidize information for non - timber management of the species in pasture area. For 48 months, the phenological patterns of babassu were studied, relating them to meteorological variables such as monthly average temperature, monthly total precipitation, relative humidity of the medium air and photoperiod. A total of 130 adult palm trees from natural regeneration were monitored in a pasture in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, RO, from January 2012 to December 2015. The data were analyzed by means of the activity indexes, the relation of the phenophases and meteorological variables by means of Pearson correlation. The population synchrony index was also evaluated. During the study, the population of Attalea speciosa showed flowering asynchronously in the population. In the process of formation and maturation of the fruits of the babassu, it was possible to observe that the time of total development of the fruits was in average 254 days. In young infructescence, the most influential climatic factors were temperature and photoperiod. In the green infructescence, climatic factors such as precipitation, relative humidity and photoperiod influenced negatively. The presence of mature infructescence occurred throughout the year, with the highest intensities in the month of November, and its activity related to the increase in temperature and duration of days. Phenological monitoring of babassu allowed to identify the intensity and predictability of reproductive events, thus enabling information to be provided to the plans for the sustainable exploitation of the species in pasture in the municipality of Ji-Paraná.

Diversity of leaf phenology in a tropical deciduous forest in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Kushwaha ◽  
K. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Leaf Flush ◽  
Strategy Index

Patterns of leaf phenological diversity were documented in nine key tree species of a tropical deciduous forest in the Vindhyan region of India. Monthly leaf counts on 160 tagged twigs on ten individuals of each species were made through two annual cycles. Tree species exhibited a gradient of deciduousness (∼leafless duration), ranging from semi-evergreen species (entire population never becoming leafless) to 7-mo-deciduous species. The semi-evergreen species initiated leaf flush (bud break of vegetative bud) earlier around the spring equinox. In all deciduous tree species synchronous leaf-flush initiation, with low inter-annual variability, occurred during the hot dry summer (May–June, day temperature >40 °C), prior to the onset of the rainy season. Based on the quantification of leafless period, leaf-flush duration, and leaf strategy index (leaf-flush rate/leaf-fall rate, proposed in this study) in different species, four plant functional types were recognized: (a) semi-evergreen, spring flushing, showing leaf exchange, with mean leafless period 8 d, leaf-flush duration 6–7 mo and leaf strategy index <0.5 (Shorea robusta); (b) <2-mo-deciduous, summer flushing, leafless period 3–8 wk, leaf-flush duration 5–6 mo, and leaf strategy index >0.5−<0.7 (Anogeissus latifolia, Diospyros melanoxylon and Hardwickia binata); (c) 2–4-mo-deciduous, summer flushing, leafless period 2–3 mo, leaf-flush duration 4–5 mo, and leaf strategy index >0.8−<1.0 (Acacia catechu, Lagerstroemia parviflora and Terminalia tomentosa); and (d) >4-mo-deciduous, summer flushing, leafless period >4–7 mo, leaf-flush duration 3–4 mo, and leaf strategy index 1.0 (Boswellia serrata and Lannea coromandelica). Conspecific trees showed asynchrony with respect to leaf-flush completion, initiation and completion of leaf-fall, and extent of leafless period. Leaf strategy index (indicating rate of resource use and conservation) was strongly related with the leafless period in different species (r=0.82) and can serve as a useful index in leaf phenological studies and classification of plant functional types.

scholarly journals Abundance ofSesamia nonagrioides(Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Eizaguirre ◽  
Argyro A. Fantinou
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Organisms inhabiting seasonal environments are able to synchronize their life cycles with seasonal cycles of biotic and abiotic factors. Diapause, a state of low metabolic activity and developmental arrest, is used by many insect species to cope with adverse conditions.Sesamia nonagrioidesis a serious pest of corn in the Mediterranean regions and Central Africa. It is multivoltine, with two to four generations per year, that overwinters as mature larva in the northern of the Sahara desert. Our purpose was to compare the response of theS. nonagrioidespopulations occurring in the broader circum-Mediterranean area, with particular attention to the diapause period and the different numbers of generations per season. To this end, we tried to determine whether populations in the area differ in their response to photoperiod and whether we can foresee the number of generations in different areas. We present a model for predicting the occurrence of the critical photoperiod according to latitude and temperature and the spread ofS. nonagrioidesin the circum-Mediterranean countries. Responses of populations to short-day length suggest that the spread of the species is associated with a gradual loss of diapause in the southern areas, and that diapause incidence is positively correlated with latitude.

scholarly journals Population Fluctuation of Rice Leaffolder, (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) in Two Consecutive Rice Seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Marina Roseli ◽  
Nur Azura Adam ◽  
Lau Wei Hong ◽  
Salmah Yaakop
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Rice Leaffolder

Larvae of rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis attack rice crop at all three phases (from tillering until maturity stages). Their population throughout season was influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Study on population fluctuation is important to understand the population dynamic and its factors in natural field condition. Thus, a study of population fluctuation of C. medinalis was conducted at rice field in Semanggol, Perak. Larvae were collected from 10 rice hills per plot in three 15 m x 4 m plots started on April 5, 2015 until June 7, 2015 (off season) and from October 25, 2015 until December 27, 2015 (main season). Abiotic data namely temperature, relative humidity (RH) and rainfall were obtained from Department of Meteorology Malaysia. Comparison of C. medinalis population between two seasons at different weeks was analysed using two-way ANOVA. The relationship of C. medinalis population with abiotic factors was analysed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. There was a significant interaction effect between season and week (F9,40=2.19; p<0.05). The highest population was recorded at week 55 day after transplanting (DAT) in main season comprised of 17% of total collection, followed by week 62 in off season (14%), week 48-main season (13%) and week 55-off season (13%). There was a positive correlation between C. medinalis population and RH in main and off season with RH was the key factor in regulating population in both seasons. Our results revealed that population of C. medinalis at different weeks was influenced by season. It is due to differences of weather condition between seasons, management practices and plant stages. The highest population recorded during reproductive phase is due to the morphology of rice plant that offers great suitability for larvae feeding and development. The abiotic factors also influenced C. medinalis population. Therefore, the abiotic factors should be considered in management of C. medinalis besides the plant stage and fertilizer effect. Future research on effect of natural enemies on C. medinalis population in field is needed in order to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence the population.

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