scholarly journals "in dem moment wo ich es dann erkenne dann ist es auch gleich wieder weg" – Salienzeffekte in der Sprachperzeption

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ada Anders ◽  
Nicole Palliwoda ◽  
Saskia Schröder
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Perceptual Dialectology ◽  
Language Area ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Definition Of

In context of the first study on folk linguistic concepts in the German language area carried out by the Kiel DFG research project "perceptual dialectology", this article looks at how salient features could be surveyed and categorized by a stimulus-response-test. After a definition of salience, the study design including the stimulus-response-test is presented. The test was created and modified during the project as a guessing game by the Institute for German Language (IDS Mannheim). The central question in this article is which linguistic features stimulate the informants to locate a speech sample on a map with predetermined cities and hence which salient features trigger the regional identification. In a second step, the speech samples are analyzed by the variables 'pleasantness' and 'correctness' defined by Dennis R. Preston. The central question here is: Are speech samples with a high pleasure value also automatically considered correct? Finally, an interpretation of metalinguistic comments in the speech examples will give more insight into folk linguistic concepts and the role of salient features in this regard.

De verbeelding van moeras en veen

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 292-310
Author(s):  
Lesley Penné ◽  
Arvi Sepp
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
German Language ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Language Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Representation of Marsh and Bog: Figurations of the Marshy Soil as a Topos of Community in Contemporary German-Language Belgian Literature Literature from border regions is often characterised by a specific transcultural poetics that reflects the liminal as discourse and experience. In contemporary German-language prose from East Belgium (‘Ostbelgien’), the topological representation of swamp and moor occupies an important place. We will show how swamp and moor express the complex definition of national and regional identity of the German-language area in Belgium and become relevant topoi in regard to cultural memory. Literature can be seen as a privileged medium of criticism for expressing the pressures of the unspoken and the closed and for initiating intra-community public discussions. Through a cultural-historical analysis of the various figurations of bog and moor, we will examine how the relationship between landscape and community is represented and conceived in contemporary Germanophone Belgian literature.

scholarly journals Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Marien ◽  
Ruud Custers ◽  
Henk Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Stimulus ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Independent Behavior

Human habits are considered to be an important root of societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in societal context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in societal context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in societal context.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LITERATURE OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE. PHONETIC ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
N. Levitska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
German Language ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
German Standard ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Norm Evolution

Linguists emphasize the importance of a structural-systematic approach to language learning, which helps to increase interest in solving the problem of language normativeness. The term “norm”, like many other terms in linguistics, is polysemous. At the same time, an important and still insufficiently disclosed aspect of the study of language norms is the definition of its essence in nationally heterogeneous languages, in particular in German standard language, which actualizes the study of autonomous norms of national variants of German, their identical and nationally specific features. Understanding the uniqueness of the codification of phonetic realities in the German language is relevant in the context of the traditions of Western European lexicography and the process of globalization and increasingly affects the linguistic spheres. The article is dedicated to the study of the notion of German orthoepic norm, the problem of its definition and mechanisms of its formation. The notion of the norm is rather ambiguous and its different aspects are usually highlighted by scientists when giving its definition. Generally they mark out two principal dimensions in the notion of the norm: the objective norm and the subjective norm. In conditions of community development, continuous linguistic and social changes, interdependent and interacting, the norm is a fundamental regulator of speech activity. It is clear that normative speech is the obligatory sign of well-educated, cultured person and the culture of sounding speech is an important aspect of national culture such as the culture of written word, communication or social life in general. The orthoepic German norm has been evolved in the process of Germanlanguage development. It is absolutely related to historical, social and culture processes. The norms are not invented by philologists, they reflect a certain stage of literary language development. In the article the role of the norm and its place in the language is defined and norm evolution in the process of language establishment and development is considered

7. Unfair dismissal

2019 ◽  
pp. 471-557
Author(s):  
Ian Smith ◽  
Aaron Baker ◽  
Owen Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Unfair Dismissal ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter focuses on unfair dismissal, beginning with a consideration of the necessary procedures for a fair dismissal and the vital role of the ACAS Code of Practice. It continues by looking at the statutory definition of ‘dismissal’ and then tackles the central question of what the statute means by ‘fair’ and ‘unfair’. The wisdom and legitimacy of the ‘band of reasonable responses’ test are questioned. Particular cases—including incapability, misconduct (including the relevance of human rights protections and of online misconduct), and redundancy and reorganization—are dealt with in detail, as are automatically unfair dismissals that exist to give extra protection to certain employees. The chapter concludes with the complex law on remedies if a dismissal is unfair.

Sprachlenkung oder Sprachpflege? Zur Situation der germanistischen Sprachpflege heute

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Albrecht Greule
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
German Language ◽  
German States ◽  
Language Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Speaker ◽  
Academie Francaise

SUMMARY Directing a Language or Cultivating It? On German Language Cultivation Today The cultivation of the German language outside Germany is, as is well known, the task of the Goethe Institute. But how is German cultivated at home, that is, within the German-language area? Indeed, is there any need to cultivate a language internally, "intralingually"? And if so, how can language cultivation be organized? In Germany there is no institution corresponding to the Académie française. Finally we may ask the basic question as to the meaning of "language cultivation." What is it? Cultivation of the German language within the large, self-contained community of people whose native language it is? This paper seeks to answer this and other questions. It provides an overview of activities in language cultivation in the two German states and, based upon language cultivation as it is currently practiced, offers for discussion a new definition of language cultivation: a way of directing language that seeks to improve the linguistic competence of the individual speaker through advice on points where he considers improvement necessary. Currently, the most important forms of language cultivation in Germany are through adult education, consultation, and the mass media. RESUMO Direkti au kultivi lingvonP Pri la germanisma lingvokultivado nuntempe La zorgado de la germana lingvo eksterlande estas, kiel konäte, la tasko de Goethe-Instituto. Sed kiel oni kultivas la germanan hejme, t.e., ene de la germanlingva lan-daro? Kaj cu ec necesas kultivi lingvon interne, "enlingve"? Se jes, kiel eblas organizi la lingvokultivadon? En Germanio mankas institucio, responda al Académie française. Fine, ni faru la fundamentan demandon pri la signifo de "lingvokultivado." Kio gi estas? Cu kultivado de la germana lingvo ene de la granda, memstara komunumo de homoj, kies denaska lingvo gi estas? La nuna artikolo provas respondi al tiu kaj aliaj demandoj. Gi provizas superrigardon pri la aktivado en la lingvokultivado en ambau germanaj statoj kaj, surbaze de la lingvokultivado, kiel oni nun flegas gin, ofertas al la diskutado novan difinon de la lingvokultivado: maniero direkti la lingvon, kiu strebas plibonigo la lingvan kompetentecon de la unuopa parolanto per konsilado pri punktoj, kie, lau li, la plibonigo necesas. Nuntempe la plej gravaj formoj de lingvokultivado en Germanio estas per la edukado de plenkreskuloj, per la konsultado kaj per la amasmedioj.

7. Unfair dismissal

2019 ◽  
pp. 483-568
Author(s):  
Ian Smith ◽  
Aaron Baker ◽  
Owen Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Unfair Dismissal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Test

This chapter focuses on unfair dismissal, beginning with a consideration of the necessary procedures for a fair dismissal and the vital role of the ACAS Code of Practice. It continues by looking at the statutory definition of ‘dismissal’ and then tackles the central question of what the statute means by ‘fair’ and ‘unfair’. The meaning and limitations of the basic test here, the ‘band of reasonable responses’ test, are considered. Particular cases—including incapability, misconduct (including the relevance of human rights protections and of online misconduct), and the open-ended category of ‘some other substantial reason’—are dealt with in detail, as are automatically unfair dismissals that exist to give extra protection to certain employees. The chapter concludes with the complex law on remedies if a dismissal is unfair.

7. Unfair Dismissal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Smith ◽  
Aaron Baker ◽  
Owen Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Unfair Dismissal ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter focuses on unfair dismissal, beginning with a consideration of the necessary procedures for a fair dismissal and the vital role of the ACAS Code of Practice. It continues by looking at the statutory definition of ‘dismissal’ and then tackles the central question of what the statute means by ‘fair’ and ‘unfair’. The wisdom and legitimacy of the ‘band of reasonable responses’ test are questioned. Particular cases—including incapability, misconduct (including the relevance of human rights protections and of online misconduct), and redundancy and reorganization—are dealt with in detail, as are automatically unfair dismissals that exist to give extra protection to certain employees. The chapter concludes with the complex law on remedies if a dismissal is unfair.

scholarly journals Wortgeografischer Wandel im Schweizerdeutschen. Sommersprossen, Küchenzwiebel und Schmetterling 70 Jahre nach dem SDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Juska-Bacher
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Change ◽  
German Language ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Language Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Small Parts

This paper intends to show the importance of having linguistic instruments, principally semantic ones, for determining the meaning of words with the greatest precision and, consequently, managing to meticulously establish the different meanings of a dictionary's entry words. As an example, a new definition of the Spanish verb mezclar ('to mix') will b Since the beginning of the publication of the linguistic atlas of German-speaking Switzerland (Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz, SDS) in the early 1960s individual linguists collected contemporary material for comparison to investigate language change. However, due to time and money restrictions these studies were limited to small parts of the language area only. So far a description of tendencies concerning the entire Swiss German language area is missing. Based on an online-survey of 5600 informants this investigation is the first to present word geographic data covering (almost) the whole German-speaking Switzerland. Comparing GIS-maps of SDS and online data of the dialectal lexemes for freckles, onion and butterfly, language change over the last century becomes apparent, with striking convergence tendencies towards standard German, but also a Swiss German dialect expanding its range. Most of the dialect words mentioned in the SDS were preserved; some new were found. Thus, diversity of lexicon and creative language use are not endangered. Statistical analysis showed that younger speakers are more likely to deviate from the SDS. Less strong, but still significant were the influence of the parent's dialect and the duration of living in the dialect area, whereas gender had no influence.

Proximity and Territory versus Space in Regional Science

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Crevoisier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Physical Proximity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Definition Of

Empirical evidence tends to show that regional development occurs only in certain places. Therefore, one can ask the central question of the role of physical proximity in economic development processes. Economists try to answer this question through the concept of externalities, but this does not explain why certain externalities are linked with physical proximity. In this paper the author tries first to show why mainstream economists are not able to catch the problem of proximity and territory in their model. It is argued that they make a systematic confusion between physical space and abstract mathematical spaces. In the second part of the paper a tentative definition of a terrority is given and a first mathematical formulation of this concept is proposed. Starting from this definition, the author shows in the third part of this paper how a consideration of territory and proximity should change our understanding of economic development processes in general.

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