Carbon nanotubes – Characteristic of the substance, biological effects and occupational exposure levels

Abstract: The unique physicochemical properties of carbon nanotubes allow them to be used in many fields. The global nanomaterials market is growing every year. An important step in introducing products to the domestic and world markets is to determine the safe exposure levels of CNTs. Establishing a corporate standard can serve as a preliminary stage before the approval of a state hygiene standard. Justification of the corporate standard is carried out in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The planning of experiments should be carried out taking into account the target organ under the influence of CNT - the respiratory system. The recommended dose / concentration range for experiments should include doses / concentrations derived from calculated and literature data. A necessary step is to obtain homogeneous dispersions in which CNTs become bioavailable for biological systems. During in vitro and in vivo experiments, the exposure level is determined at which no harmful effect is observed and / or the lowest level of exposure at which there is a harmful effect on the cell culture / respiratory tract of animals.

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Occupational exposure and markers of genetic damage, systemic inflammation and lung function: a Danish cross-sectional study among air force personnel

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97382-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Helena Guerra Andersen ◽

Anne Thoustrup Saber ◽

Marie Frederiksen ◽

Per Axel Clausen ◽

Camilla Sandal Sejbaek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Lung Function ◽

Air Force ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Reference Group ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Job Functions ◽

Exposure Levels

AbstractAir force ground crew personnel are potentially exposed to fuels and lubricants, as raw materials, vapours and combustion exhaust emissions, during operation and maintenance of aircrafts. This study investigated exposure levels and biomarkers of effects for employees at a Danish air force military base. We enrolled self-reported healthy and non-smoking employees (n = 79) and grouped them by exposure based on job function, considered to be potentially exposed (aircraft engineers, crew chiefs, fuel operators and munition specialists) or as reference group with minimal occupational exposure (avionics and office workers). We measured exposure levels to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) by silicone bands and skin wipes (PAHs only) as well as urinary excretion of PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs). Additionally, we assessed exposure levels of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the breathing zone for specific job functions. As biomarkers of effect, we assessed lung function, plasma levels of acute phase inflammatory markers, and genetic damage levels in peripheral blood cells. Exposure levels of total PAHs, OPEs and OH-PAHs did not differ between exposure groups or job functions, with low correlations between PAHs in different matrices. Among the measured job functions, the UFP levels were higher for the crew chiefs. The exposure level of the PAH fluorene was significantly higher for the exposed group than the reference group (15.9 ± 23.7 ng/g per 24 h vs 5.28 ± 7.87 ng/g per 24 h, p = 0.007), as was the OPE triphenyl phosphate (305 ± 606 vs 19.7 ± 33.8 ng/g per 24 h, p = 0.011). The OPE tris(1,3-dichlor-2-propyl)phosphate had a higher mean in the exposed group (60.7 ± 135 ng/g per 24 h) compared to the reference group (8.89 ± 15.7 ng/g per 24 h) but did not reach significance. No evidence of effects for biomarkers of systemic inflammation, genetic damage or lung function was found. Overall, our biomonitoring study show limited evidence of occupational exposure of air force ground crew personnel to UFPs, PAHs and OPEs. Furthermore, the OH-PAHs and the assessed biomarkers of early biological effects did not differ between exposed and reference groups.

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The Biological Effects of Carbon Nanotubes in Plasma Membranes Damage, DNA Damage, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering - Advances in Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-45657-6_19 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 179-188

Author(s):

Zhuo Zhao ◽

Zhi-Peng Liu ◽

Hua Wang ◽

Feng-Juan Liu ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Biological Effects

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Derivation of occupational exposure limits for multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene using subchronic inhalation toxicity data and a multi-path particle dosimetry model

Toxicology Research ◽

10.1039/c9tx00026g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 580-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Young-Sub Lee ◽

Jae-Hyuck Sung ◽

Kyung-Seuk Song ◽

Jin-Kwon Kim ◽

Byung-Sun Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Inhalation Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Data ◽

Occupational Exposure Limits ◽

Exposure Limits ◽

Particle Dosimetry ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this study, we aimed to provide the recommended occupational exposure limits (OELs) for MWCNTs and graphene nanomaterials based on data from a subchronic inhalation toxicity study using a lung dosimetry model.

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