scholarly journals Mechanisms of biogenic gas migration revealed by seep carbonate paragenesis, Panoche Hills, California

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (08) ◽  
pp. 1309-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Blouet ◽  
Patrice Imbert ◽  
Anneleen Foubert
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faturachman Faturachman ◽  
Siti Marina

Pengambilan data seismik pantul dangkal di Perairan Sumenep dan pemboran inti sedalam 42 meter di pesisir selatan Sumenep dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan keadaan lapisan batuan dangkal. Profil seismik pantul dangkal memperlihatkan runtunan seismik A berumur Pra Kuarter dan runtunan seismik B berumur Kuarter – Resen. Runtunan A telah mengalami perlipatan dan pensesaran di mana di beberapa tempat diterobos oleh diapir lumpur, bahkan sampai ke permukaan laut. Runtunan B memperlihatkan pantulan transparan dan di beberapa tempat diterobos oleh diapir lumpur. Bor BH-2 memperlihatkan lempung hitam berumur Holosen – Resen yang ditemukan di atas Formasi Pamekasan yang berumur Pleistosen. Lempung hitam ini tersebar pada kedalaman 13.5 - 41 meter dengan kandungan gas metan sekitar 0.1 % mol yang terdeteksi pada kedalaman 17 – 18.5 meter dan 35.85 – 38.15 meter, serta didominasi oleh bakteri metanogenik Methanosarcina frisia yang menunjukkan lingkungan pengendapan estuaria. Kadar gas biogenik dangkal pada lempung hitam berjumlah kecil sehingga tidak potensial untuk dieksplorasi lebih lanjut. Kurangnya potensi gas biogenik dangkal di Perairan Sumenep kemungkinan disebabkan oleh proses tektonik, kondisi stratigrafi (sistem estuaria) dan struktur (rembesan gas ke atmosfer melalui patahan-patahan minor dan diapir lumpur) yang berpengaruh pada jalur migrasi dan akumulasi gas biogenik. Kata kunci: gas biogenik dangkal, migrasi, akumulasi, estuaria, diapir lumpur, lempung hitam Shallow seismic data acquisition in Sumenep waters and coring to 42 meter depth in shouthern coast of Sumenep were carried out to investigate a shallow sediment layers. The shallow reflection profiles indicate seismic sequence A of pre Quaternary and seismic sequence B of Quartenary Recent. Seismic sequence A was folded and faulted, whre in some places were intruded by mud diapirs which expose above water surface. Seismic sequence B indicates transparency reflection and in some places was intruded by mud diapirs. Core BH-2 indicates Holocene-Recent blacky clay that rest on the Pleistocene Pamekasan Formation. This blacky clay distribute at 13,5 – 41,5 meters depth with methane content about 0.1 % mol that detected at 17 – 18,5 meters depth and 35.05 – 38.15 meters depth, which is also dominated by metanogenic methanosarcinafrisia that indicates an estuaria depositional environment. The content of shallow biogenic gas within black clay is small, therefore it is inpotential to be futher explored. The lack of shallow biogenic gas in Sumenep waters. Key word : Shallow Biogenic Gas, Migration, Accumulation, Estuary, Mud diapir, Black clay.


Author(s):  
Niels Hemmingsen Schovsbo ◽  
Arne Thorshøj Nielsen

The Lower Palaeozoic succession in Scandinavia includes several excellent marine source rocks notably the Alum Shale, the Dicellograptus shale and the Rastrites Shale that have been targets for shale gas exploration since 2008. We here report on samples of these source rocks from cored shallow scientific wells in southern Sweden. The samples contain both free and sorbed hydrocarbon gases with concentrations significantly above the background gas level. The gases consist of a mixture of thermogenic and bacterially derived gas. The latter likely derives from both carbonate reduction and methyl fermentation processes. The presence of both thermogenic and biogenic gas in the Lower Palaeozoic shales is in agreement with results from past and present exploration activities; thermogenic gas is a target in deeply buried, gas-mature shales in southernmost Sweden, Denmark and northern Poland, whereas biogenic gas is a target in shallow, immature-marginally mature shales in south central Sweden. We here document that biogenic gas signatures are present also in gas-mature shallow buried shales in Skåne in southernmost Sweden.


2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Yanju LI ◽  
Jiannan SHI ◽  
Lidong ZHU ◽  
Xiugen FU ◽  
Wenguang YANG ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.


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