scholarly journals Short Communication: Genetic diversity of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) landed in Muncar Fishing Port, Banyuwangi

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1154-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAQIH AKBAR ALGHOZALI ◽  
DIAH PERMATA WIJAYANTI ◽  
AGUS SABDONO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Hammerhead Sharks ◽  
Longline Fisheries

Abstract. Alghozali FA, Wijayanti DP, Sabdono A. 2019. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) landed in Muncar Fishing Port, Banyuwangi. Biodiversitas 20: 1154-1159. The majority of sharks caught in Indonesian fisheries were bycatch products from the tuna longline fisheries, but some regions in Indonesia fish the sharks as their main target. One of these regions is located in Muncar, Banyuwangi, which fishes the endangered Scalloped Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) as target species. This research aimed to study the genetic diversity of the endangered Scalloped Hammerhead sharks landed in Muncar Fishing Port, Banyuwangi. Genetic analysis was done through PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA COI (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I) gene. Out of the 37 samples collected, 30 were successfully amplified and sequenced.The results showed moderate haplotype diversity (Hd: 0,582 ± 0,079) and low nucleotide diversity (π: 0,00392± 0,0024) with five haplotypes (h) and 26 polymorphic sites (S). Tajima’s D neutrality model values indicated a population expansion event. Two different clades were determined through phylogenetic analysis and by GenBank sequences comparison. These results provided basic information and present status of the Scalloped Hammerhead sharks population genetically within the fishing ground (Makassar Strait-Kangean Islands).

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in the mtDNA control region and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from selected Nigerian rivers: Implications for conservation and aquaculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvanus A. Nwafili ◽  
Tian-Xiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Recent Population Expansion ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
High Level

Abstract The genetic diversity and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were evaluated using a 443 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Among the eight populations collected comprising 129 individuals, a total of 89 polymorphic sites defined 57 distinct haplotypes. The mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the eight populations were 0.966±0.006 and 0.0359±0.004, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation among the eight populations (FST =0.34; P < 0.01). The present results revealed that C. nigrodigitatus populations had a high level of genetic diversity and distinct population structures. We report the existence of two monophyletic matrilineal lineages with mean genetic distance of 10.5% between them. Non-significant negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs for more than half the populations suggests that the wild populations of C. nigrodigitatus underwent a recent population expansion, although a weak one since the late Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Hybridization between sympatric hammerhead sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Barker ◽  
Douglas H. Adams ◽  
William B. Driggers ◽  
Bryan S. Frazier ◽  
David S. Portnoy
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
First Generation ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hammerhead Sharks ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Globally Distributed

Hybridization between closely related species has been documented across a wide range of taxa but has not been well studied in elasmobranchs. Hammerhead sharks have drawn global conservation concern because they experience some of the highest mortality rates among sharks when interacting with fisheries. Here we report on the detection of hybrids between the globally distributed scalloped hammerhead ( Sphyrna lewini ) and recently described Carolina hammerhead ( S. gilberti ) which are only known from the western Atlantic Ocean. Using a genomics approach, 10 first-generation hybrids and 15–17 backcrosses were detected from 554 individuals. The identification of backcrosses demonstrates hybrids are viable, and all backcrosses but one involved a scalloped hammerhead. All hybrids but one possessed Carolina hammerhead mtDNA, indicating sex-biased gene flow between species. Repeated hybridization and backcrossing with scalloped hammerheads could lead to the loss of endemic Carolina hammerheads.

Inter-island movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) and seasonal connectivity in a marine protected area of the eastern tropical Pacific

2014 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Ketchum ◽  
Alex Hearn ◽  
A. Peter Klimley ◽  
César Peñaherrera ◽  
Eduardo Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Hammerhead Sharks

scholarly journals VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS OF THE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK (SPHYRNA LEWINI) AROUND MALPELO AND COCOS ISLANDS (TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC) USING SATELLITE TELEMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Bessudo ◽  
Germán A. Soler ◽  
Peter A. Klimley ◽  
James Ketchum ◽  
Randall Arauz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Cocos Island ◽  
Hammerhead Sharks

Understanding distribution ranges and the daily movement patterns of pelagic fishes are key aspects for the establishment and planning of protected areas for their conservation. In this study the vertical and horizontal movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, were recorded in Malpelo and Cocos Island using satellite telemetry. Nine sharks were tagged with satellite transmitters during March 2006, 2007 and 2008 at Malpelo Island, and three hammerhead sharks were tagged at Cocos Island in June 2008. The sharks moved between islands in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and made regional movements from Malpelo to the south of Cocos and around the Malpelo ridge. When away from the island, sharks made infrequent nocturnal short dives down to 1000 m where temperatures were as low as 4 °C. For a shark that was tracked for five months, results indicated significant differences between the time spent at different depth ranges, as well as an interaction between depth, water layers, and the time of the day. The shark swam mostly at surface waters (0-10 m) during the cold water season, and spent more time at the deepest depth range (>100 m) during nigh time. Further long-term studies on shark movement patterns are required for a better management of this highly mobile and vulnerable species.

scholarly journals Diversitas Genetika dan Identifikasi Jenis Kelamin Burung Pelikan (Pelecanus conspicillatus Temminck, 1824) di Penangkaran Taman Margasatwa Ragunan Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Anik Budhi Dharmayanthi ◽  
Achmad Muchsinin ◽  
Afriana Pulungan ◽  
Moch Syamsul Arifin Zein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Haplotype 1

Pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus) is one of the wild species that have a widely distribution. This bird has been successfully bred in Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta. The indicator of inbreeding in the captive population is shown by the decrease of nucleotide diversity and number of haplotypes. The result of genetic diversity analysis using D-loop fragment sequences showed low genetic diversity with nucleotide diversity (p) = 0.00064 ± 0.00010 and haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.532 ± 0.061 in Pelecanus conspicillatus populations in the Ragunan Zoo. However, negative Fu's Fs value (-3,246) indicates population expansion. We found that there were seven haplotypes in bird populations in the captivity: haplotype 1, 2 and 3 consist of 43 individuals (65.15%), five individuals (7.57%), and 14 individuals (21.21%), respectively. For each haplotype 4, 5, 6 and 7 is only represented by one individual of Pelecanus conspicillatus (1.51%). The sex ratio of males to females is 1: 8.86 with four males identified as haplotype 1, and one male on haplotypes 3, 5 and 7, respectively. Genetic diversity data of the population is an important way for designing long-term plans and goals in efforts to maintain genetic diversity of the Pelecanus conspicillatus population in captivity.

scholarly journals Novel Insights Into the Genetic Population Connectivity of Transient Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) in Pacific Panama Provide Crucial Data for Conservation Efforts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor M. Guzmán ◽  
Caitlin E. Beaver ◽  
Edgardo Díaz-Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
Whale Sharks

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered and highly migratory species, of which solitary individuals or aggregations are observed in oceans worldwide and for which conservation efforts are hindered by a lack of comprehensive data on genetic population connectivity. Tissue samples were collected from wandering whale sharks in Pacific Panama to determine genetic diversity, phylogeographic origin, and possible global and local connectivity patterns using a 700–800 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region gene. Genetic diversity among samples was high, with five new haplotypes and nine polymorphic sites identified among the 15 sequences. Haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.83) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00516) were similar to those reported in other studies. Our sequences, in particular haplotypes PTY1 and PTY2, were similar to those previously reported in the Arabian Gulf and the Western Indian Ocean populations (a novel occurrence in the latter case). Haplotypes PTY3, PTY4, and PTY5 were similar to populations in Mexico and the Gulf of California. In contrast, the only populations to which our Panamanian sequences were genetically dissimilar were those from the Atlantic Ocean. The absence of reference sequences in GenBank from southern sites in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, such as Galapagos (Ecuador), Gorgona and Malpelo Islands (Colombia), and Coco Island (Costa Rica), reduced our capacity to genetically define regional patterns. Genetic differentiation and connectivity were also assessed using an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), which showed a similar population structure (five groups) to the neighbor-joining tree. Other population features based on neutrality tests, such as Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs statistics, showed positive values for Panama of 0.79 and 1.61, respectively. Positive values of these statistics indicate a lack of evidence for population expansion among the sampled individuals. Our results agree with previous reports suggesting that whale sharks can travel over long distances and that transboundary conservation measures may be effective for species protection.

scholarly journals Post-Disturbance Genetic Changes: The Impact of the 2010 Mega-Earthquake and Tsunami on Chilean Sandy Beach Fauna

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Brante ◽  
Garen Guzmán-Rendón ◽  
Erwin M. Barría ◽  
Marie-Laure Guillemin ◽  
Iván Vera-Escalona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Emerita Analoga ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Earthquake/tsunamis can have profound impacts on species and their genetic patterns. It is expected that the magnitude of this impact might depend on the species and the time since the disturbance occurs, nevertheless these assumptions remain mostly unexplored. Here we studied the genetic responses of the crustacean species Emerita analoga, Excirolana hirsuticauda, and Orchestoidea tuberculata to the 27F mega-earthquake/tsunami that occurred in Chile in February 2010. mtDNA sequence analyses revealed a lower haplotype diversity for E. analoga and E. hirsuticauda in impacted areas one month after the 27F, and the opposite for O. tuberculata. Three years after the 27F we observed a recovery in the genetic diversity of E. analoga and E. hirsuticauda and decrease in the genetic diversity in O. tuberculata in 2/3 of sampled areas. Emerita analoga displayed decrease of genetic differentiation and increase in gene flow explained by long-range population expansion. The other two species revealed slight increase in the number of genetic groups, little change in gene flow and no signal of population expansion associated to adult survival, rapid colonization, and capacity to burrow in the sand. Our results reveal that species response to a same disturbance event could be extremely diverse and depending on life-history traits and the magnitude of the effect.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of circumsporozoite protein in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong ◽  
Joveen Wan Fen Neoh ◽  
Tiek Ying Lau ◽  
Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim ◽  
Hwa Chia Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Circumsporozoite Protein ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Malaria Vaccines ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background Understanding the genetic diversity of candidate genes for malaria vaccines such as circumsporozoite protein (csp) may enhance the development of vaccines for treating Plasmodium knowlesi. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of non-repeat regions of csp in P. knowlesi from Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A total of 46 csp genes were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification. The genes were obtained from P. knowlesi isolates collected from different divisions of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia. The targeted gene fragments were cloned into a commercial vector and sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed while incorporating 168 csp sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. The genetic diversity and natural evolution of the csp sequences were analysed using MEGA6 and DnaSP ver. 5.10.01. A genealogical network of the csp haplotypes was generated using NETWORK ver. 4.6.1.3. Results The phylogenetic analysis revealed indistinguishable clusters of P. knowlesi isolates across different geographic regions, including Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Nucleotide analysis showed that the csp non-repeat regions of zoonotic P. knowlesi isolates obtained in this study underwent purifying selection with population expansion, which was supported by extensive haplotype sharing observed between humans and macaques. Novel variations were observed in the C-terminal non-repeat region of csp. Conclusions The csp non-repeat regions are relatively conserved and there is no distinct cluster of P. knowlesi isolates from Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Distinctive variation data obtained in the C-terminal non-repeat region of csp could be beneficial for the design and development of vaccines to treat P. knowlesi.

scholarly journals THE FEEDING HABITS OF JUVENILE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS (SPHYRNA LEWINI) CAUGHT IN THE GULF OF NICOYA, COSTA RICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilena Zanella Cesarotto ◽  
Andrés López Garro ◽  
Randall Arauz Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Hammerhead Sharks ◽  
Gulf Of Nicoya

Sharks present strong intraspecific changes in feeding habits, which may vary according to size, geographic location and season. This study analyzed the stomach contents of 52 juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks (25 females and 27 males) caught by artisanal vessels in the Gulf of Nicoya. Regarding the organisms found in the stomachs, 41.07 % were teleost fish, 30.36 % mollusks and 28.57 % crustaceans. Mollusks presented  the  highest  Relative Importance Index  (RII) (43.05  %), followed by teleost fish (41.37 %) and crustaceans (15.58 %). Squids (Loliginidae) were the items with the greatest RII (32.57 %). By means of the Pianka index, a relatively low overlap between sexes was identified, suggesting a  spatial sexual segregation and, in consequence, an ecological niche separation between male and female hammerhead sharks.

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