Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder - Gregor Kohls, PhD

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Video Abstract

Video abstract from Gregor Kohls, PhD, on his JCPP paper 'Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder.'

scholarly journals Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Konrad ◽  
Gregor Kohls ◽  
Sarah Baumann ◽  
Anka Bernhard ◽  
Anne Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentation

Sex Differences in Cancer Genomes: Much Learned, More Unknown

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghao Zhu ◽  
Paul C Boutros
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Cancer Genomes ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Key Resources

Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Sex influences cancer in a bewildering variety of ways. In some cancer types it affects prevalence, in others genomic profiles, or response to treatment, or mortality. In some sex seems to have little or no influence. How and when sex influences cancer initiation and progression remain a critical gap in our understanding of cancer, with direct relevance to precision medicine. Here, we note several factors that complicate our understanding of sex differences: representativeness of large cohorts, confounding with features like ancestry, age and obesity, and variability in clinical presentation. We summarize the key resources available to study molecular sex differences, and suggest some likely directions for improving our understanding of how patient sex influences cancer behaviour.

scholarly journals Eating disorders in biological males: clinical presentation and consideration of sex differences in a pediatric sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Coelho ◽  
Tiffany Lee ◽  
Priscilla Karnabi ◽  
Alex Burns ◽  
Sheila Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Clinical Presentation

P2245Sex differences in the in-vivo markers of platelet activation among patients with ischemic heart disease: insights from the EVA study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Raparelli ◽  
G F Romiti ◽  
N Sperduti ◽  
G F Santangelo ◽  
M Vano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Stenosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Angina ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background/Introduction Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) are not synonymous with obstructive flow-limiting coronary artery disease (CAD), especially in women. Platelet dysfunction is suggested as a potential mechanism favouring ischemia in non-obstructive CAD. However, it is unknown whether sex differences in platelet function of patients with non-obstructive CAD exist. Purpose We assessed for sex differences in in-vivo markers of platelet activation among patients with the acute coronary syndrome and chronic stable angina, with or without obstructive CAD Methods From the “Endocrine Vascular disease Approach” (EVA) study, we selected IHD patients undergoing urgent or elective coronary angiography with complete baseline clinical characteristics and angiographic data. Non-obstructive CAD was defined as the presence of coronary stenosis <50%. Thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and soluble P-selectin (sP-s) were measured at baseline. A sex-stratified analysis of platelet biomarkers was performed. Results Among two-hundred-seventy-seven patients (mean age 67±11, 37% women), non-obstructive CAD was documented in 25% of patients. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the reason for angiography in 61% of cases. Women had more frequently ACS, as compared with men (54.8% vs 41.3%, p=0.001), with predominantly non-obstructive CAD. Median serum TxB2 (121.5 [92.7–174.0] vs 103.5 [83.0–140.2] pg/ml, p=0.005) and plasma sP-s (27.0 [18.7–35.0] vs 22.0 [16.0–30.0] ng/ml, p=0.006) levels were higher in patients with ACS as compared with the ones with stable chronic angina. The median concentration of TxB2 was significantly increased in women as compared with men, regardless of the clinical presentation and the coronary stenosis degree (all comparison, p<0.001). However, women with non-obstructive CAD were the group with the highest serum levels of TxB2 (140.0 [111.0–152.0] pg/ml). Sex differences in the plasma sP-s level were also observed among patients with stable chronic angina (women, 26 [20.0–34.0] vs men, 21 [16.6–27.7] ng/ml, p=0.002) and with non-obstructive CAD (women, 26 [20.5–34.5] vs men, 18.5 [16.6–26.0] ng/ml, p=0.003). Conclusion(s) Women with IHD and non-obstructive CAD had increased level of TxB2 and sP-s as compared with men, independently by the clinical presentation. Further investigations are warranted to verify the role of platelet hyperactivation in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease among women. Acknowledgement/Funding Scientific Independence of Young Researchers Program (RBSI14HNVT) - Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)

Understanding sex differences in psychosis through the exploration of hormonal contributions

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Leah H. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Brain Disorder

Sex appears to modulate the risk, clinical presentation, and course of schizophrenia as well as other psychotic disorders. Sex differences in neuroendocrine and/or genetic factors may contribute to these sex differences as well as in social/emotional and cognitive functioning. The goal of this chapter is to better understand these sex differences through the exploration of hormonal contributions to this brain disorder. We specifically focus on sex steroid hormones (e.g., estrogen) as well as sexually dimorphic neurohormones—oxytocin and vasopressin.

Sex differences in incidence and psychiatric comorbidity for alcohol dependence in patients with panic disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 107814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu-Ming Chang ◽  
Chun-Hung Pan ◽  
Pao-Huan Chen ◽  
Yi-Lung Chen ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Male Adolescents with Substance use Disorders and Male Adolescents with Conduct Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Anrn Selvanayagam, D ◽  
Balm Ponmani Stephen ◽  
Senthil Kumar M ◽  
Suresh Kumar M ◽  
Raj Kumar R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Male Adolescents

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Severity, Social Functioning, Adherence to Treatment, and Cognition of Adolescents with Schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Pérez-Garza ◽  
Gamaliel Victoria-Figueroa ◽  
Rosa Elena Ulloa-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Performance Scale ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Background.Previous studies have reported sex differences in the clinical presentation and outcome of adult patients with schizophrenia; the aim of present study was to compare the clinical characteristics, social functioning, adherence to treatment, and cognition of adolescents with this diagnosis in a six-month followup.Methods.A total of 87 adolescents with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and the Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI).Results.Both groups showed a similar improvement in all PANSS factors and in the PSP scores during the followup. Males better adhered to treatment. Females displayed better results in the area of social cognition (F=6.3, df = 2,52, andp=0.003) and attention/vigilance (F=8.3, df = 2,51, andp=0.001).Conclusions.Male and female adolescents showed similar clinical presentation and functioning but a different pattern of cognitive improvement and adherence to treatment. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.govII3/02/0811.‏

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Magon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Role Impairment

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most-common psychiatric disorders; it is highly comorbid with many other psychiatric disorders and associated with substantial role impairment. Untreated ADHD results in psychiatric comorbidity, relationship and parenting problems, underachievement, frequent job losses, and opportunistic delinquency. Nevertheless, ADHD remains the most under-recognised and undertreated mental health condition in adults. This article discusses the clinical presentation of ADHD in adulthood with a particular focus on recognition, assessment and management of ADHD in adults in primary care.

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