Granulated Poultry Litter Ash Acidulation and Physical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235
Author(s):  
Clara R. Millsaps ◽  
Mark S. Reiter ◽  
Brooks M. Whitehurst ◽  
Garnett B. Whitehurst ◽  
Rory O. Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash

HighlightsPhosphoric acid (PA) increased water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) from 0.31 to 47.4 g P kg-1 in poultry litter ash (PLA).Ideal granule size was identified at 29% acidulation (14.5 g acid to 50 g PLA) with granules averaging 3.14 mm.Bulk fertilizer production needed 32% PA addition, and adequate mixing equipment is important for PA efficiency.Granule size and strength were adequate as compared to industry standards and commercial fertilizers.Abstract. Manure-to-energy systems effectively recycle poultry litter (PL) into poultry litter ash (PLA) that densifies and concentrates the phosphorus (P) content by a factor of 4 to 10. However, high conversion temperatures reduce nutrient solubility and produce small particulate materials. To redistribute manure nutrients beyond the original production location by improving the physical and chemical characteristics of PLA, the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine the phosphoric acid (H3PO4) acidifying effect on water-soluble P (WSP), measurable total P (TP), granulation point, and granule size and (2) conduct large-scale granulated poultry litter ash bulk (GPLA-B) granulation to determine the larger-scale formulations and granule physical characteristics produced. We measured bulk density, force and friction resistance, and granule size as compared to industry-standard triple superphosphate (TSP). Acidulation experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications per H3PO4 acidulation percentage. Increasing acidulation percentages from 0% to 50% H3PO4 (laboratory-grade white phosphoric acid) increased measurable TP from 50.63 to 116.90 g kg-1 and WSP from 0.31 to 47.4 g P kg-1 (LSD0.05 10.13 and 2.65 g P kg-1, respectively). Acidulation dose response relationships created simple linear regression equations to predict changes in measurable TP and WSP, pH, and exothermic reaction temperature, which all increased with acidulation. The loose (1.01 g cm-3) and packed (1.03 g cm3) bulk densities of GPLA-B were significantly less than those of TSP (1.14 and 1.30 g cm3, respectively) (LSD0.05 = 0.03 and 0.02 g cm-3). Compared to TSP particles (2.86 mm), GPLA particles (3.73 mm) were significantly larger (LSD0.05 = 0.61 mm); however, the force resistance of GPLA (4.53 kgf) was significantly less than that of TSP (5.95 kgf) (LSD0.05 = 0.61 kgf). Results showed that the physical characteristics of GPLA met industry standards and validated the adaptability of GPLA as an alternative P source. Furthermore, GPLA has higher elemental analysis, greater solubility, and improved form, which addresses the undesirable characteristics of ungranulated PLA and supports the use of GPLA for fertilizer and nutrient distribution. Keywords: Acidulation, Fertilizer, Granulation, Phosphorus, Poultry litter ash.

scholarly journals Poultry Litter Ash Reduces Phosphorus Losses during Greenhouse Production of Lantana camara L. ‘New Gold’

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Wells ◽  
Jeffrey S. Beasley ◽  
Lewis A. Gaston ◽  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Maureen E. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
Container Production

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers with high water-solubility are often applied in excessive amounts to porous horticultural substrates to produce high-quality plants. As a result, high P losses during containerized plant production have presented an environmental challenge to responsible growers. Poultry litter ash (PLA), a byproduct of bioenergy production, contains P concentrations comparable to conventional P fertilizers but is characterized as having lower water-solubility. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted to characterize effects of PLA on container-plant growth and P leaching. PLA was compared with superphosphate (SP), a highly water-soluble P source, in ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (SP:PLA) in the production of Lantana camara L. ‘New Gold’. In 2011, lantana fertilized with higher ratios of PLA exhibited slower growth with lower shoot and root biomasses compared with 100% SP-fertilized lantana. However, in 2012, differences in fertilizer treatments lessened, with 100% PLA-fertilized lantana exhibiting 14% less shoot biomass and no differences in root biomass compared with 100% SP-fertilized lantana. Measurement of shoot:root biomass, a common indicator of P deficiency, was not different between any P treatments in 2011 or 2012. This indicates root growth was most likely the driving factor in P-treatment effects on shoot biomass in each year of the experiment. During a postproduction field trial, no differences in growth or biomass were observed between lantana previously fertilized with P, regardless of source. However, application of PLA as the single P source reduced dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations in leachate >90% and total P (TP) mass losses 69% compared with 100% SP-fertilized lantana during container production, with P treatments reducing DRP and TP losses as PLA ratios increased. Therefore, the benefit of P-loss reduction during container production achieved through PLA application may warrant the acceptance of slightly smaller plants or extending production cycles.

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF A LONG-ACTING OESTRIOL (POLYOESTRIOL PHOSPHATE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lauritzen ◽  
Semih Velibese
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT A description is given of experimental investigations and preliminary clinical experience with the long-acting oestriol compound polyoestriol phosphate – a water-soluble polymere of oestriol and phosphoric acid. The compound seems to exert all the physiologically important effects of oestriol. Even with high doses the hormone causes no proliferation of the endometrium and no withdrawal bleeding. It has no untoward effect on metabolism. It decreases slightly the cholesterol concentration (to the extent of ⅓–⅕ of the effect produced by long-acting oestradiol esters). The compound has a wide therapeutic range. No side-effects have been observed. Doses of 10 mg or more have a prolonged duration. Additional prolongation of the effect is largely dependent on dosage. To ensure an effect lasting for 4 weeks 40 mg polyoestriol phosphate (corresponding with 30 mg oestriol) is required – an amount which roughly corresponds with physiological quantitative data. The compound, which involves an interesting new principle of prolongation, was most effectively used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and genital organic disorders. For these indications it can be recommended without reservation.

scholarly journals Simultaneous amorphous silica and phosphorus recovery from rice husk poultry litter ash

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 8927-8939
Author(s):  
Laura Fiameni ◽  
Ahmad Assi ◽  
Ario Fahimi ◽  
Bruno Valentim ◽  
Karen Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash

Rice husk poultry litter ash (RHPLA) is proposed as a valuable secondary source to recover phopshorus and amorphous silica in three steps.

scholarly journals Insights on Molecular Characteristics of Hydrochars by 13C-NMR and Off-Line TMAH-GC/MS and Assessment of Their Potential Use as Plant Growth Promoters

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís G. Fregolente ◽  
João Vitor dos Santos ◽  
Giovanni Vinci ◽  
Alessandro Piccolo ◽  
Altair B. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Potential Use

Hydrochar is a carbon-based material that can be used as soil amendment. Since the physical-chemical properties of hydrochar are mainly assigned to process parameters, we aimed at evaluating the organic fraction of different hydrochars through 13C-NMR and off-line TMAH-GC/MS. Four hydrochars produced with sugarcane bagasse, vinasse and sulfuric or phosphoric acids were analyzed to elucidate the main molecular features. Germination and initial growth of maize seedlings were assessed using hydrochar water-soluble fraction to evaluate their potential use as growth promoters. The hydrochars prepared with phosphoric acid showed larger amounts of bioavailable lignin-derived structures. Although no differences were shown about the percentage of maize seeds germination, the hydrochar produced with phosphoric acid promoted a better seedling growth. For this sample, the greatest relative percentage of benzene derivatives and phenolic compounds were associated to hormone-like effects, responsible for stimulating shoot and root elongation. The reactions parameters proved to be determinant for the organic composition of hydrochar, exerting a strict influence on molecular features and plant growth response.

Abstract 5953: Flow Pulsation Affect Distal Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell mRNA Expression

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Kurt Stenmark ◽  
Robin Shandas ◽  
Wei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
List Type ◽  
Flow Pulsation ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Speed Flow

Background: Due to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), distal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (dPAEC) are exposed to wall shear stress (SS) that is different in physical characteristics compared to normal condition. The effect of individual components of SS on PAEC biology has not been thoroughly examined. Thus the current study was designed to examine how dPAEC respond to different component of SS in regarding to gene expression including adhesion molecules: ICAM, VCAM, E-selectin; chemokine: MCP-1 and growth factors:VEGF, Flt-1. Methods: Bovine dPAEC were cultured and placed on fibronectin-coated slides till confluent. Cells were then exposed to SS with different frequency (1Hz, 2Hz), pulsation (low, medium and high with an average SS of 14 dynes/cm 2 ) and time (1hr or 6hrs). The flow studies were carried out using a flow chamber connected to a variable speed flow pump. All data was represented as fold change relative to static condition. Results: As shown in table below, The effect of flow frequency on gene expression depends on individual gene. There was no difference of ICAM expression between 1Hz and 2Hz. Frequency of 2Hz significantly increased VCAM and MCP-1 expression compared to frequency of 1Hz. Compared to static condition, steady flow increased all gene expression. One hour pulsatile flow further increased ICAM, VCAM, E-selectin and MCP-1 but not VEGF or Flt-1 expression as pulsation increased. 3) Prolonged pulsatile flow further increased all gene expression. Conclusion: Physical characteristics of flow, especially flow pulsation stimulate dPAEC gene expression which can contribute to the development of PAH.

scholarly journals Poultry Litter Ash Rate and Placement Affect Phosphorus Dissolution in a Horticultural Substrate1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Wells ◽  
Jeffrey S. Beasley ◽  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Lewis. A. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash

Abstract Poultry litter ash (PLA) is a byproduct of bioenergy production and an effective P source for horticultural crops since it reduces P losses from container production due to its low P solubility. Experiments were conducted to determine effects of rate and placement of PLA on P loss from greenhouse crop production and growth and quality of two commonly-grown greenhouse crops, Verbena canadensis Britton ‘Homestead Purple' and Lantana camara L. ‘New Gold', by comparing two rates (140 and 280 g·m−3 P or 0.4 and 0.8 lb·yd−3) and two application methods (post-plant topdressed and pre-plant incorporated). Leachate-dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations were reduced by an average of 24% as P rate was reduced from 280 to 140 g·m−3, but were 134% less on average when PLA was topdressed instead of incorporated. Foliar P concentrations were less 33% and 44% for verbena and lantana, respectively when plants were topdressed compared to incorporated. Shoot biomass of verbena and lantana was 9% and 24% greater, respectively, when incorporating instead of topdressing PLA. As a P source, PLA should be pre-plant incorporated within the substrate at a total P rate between 140 g·m−3 (0.4 lb·yd−3) and 280 g·m−3 (0.8 lb·yd−3). Index words: phosphorus, poultry litter ash, Verbena canadensis Britton ‘Homestead Purple', Lantana camara L. ‘New Gold', dissolved reactive phosphorus. Species used in this study: ‘Homestead Purple' verbena (Verbena canadensis Britton); ‘New Gold' lantana (Lantana camara L.).

scholarly journals Phosphorous and Silica Recovery from Rice Husk Poultry Litter Ash: A Sustainability Analysis Using a Zero-Waste Approach

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6297
Author(s):  
Laura Fiameni ◽  
Ario Fahimi ◽  
Claudio Marchesi ◽  
Giampiero Pasquale Sorrentino ◽  
Alessandra Zanoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
New Generation

Phosphate rocks are a critical resource for the European Union, and alternative sources to assure the future production of a new generation of fertilizers are to be assessed. In this study, a statistical approach, combined with a sustainability evaluation for the recovery of materials from waste containing phosphorus (P), is presented. This work proposes a strategy to recover P and silica (SiO2) from rice husk poultry litter ash (RHPLA). The design of experiment (DoE) method was applied to maximize the P extraction using hydrochloric acid (HCl), with the aim to minimize the contamination that can occur by leachable heavy metals present in RHPLA, such as zinc (Zn). Two independent variables, the molar concentration of the acid, and the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) between the acid and RHPLA, were used in the experimental design to optimize the operating parameters. The statistical analysis showed that a HCl concentration of 0.34 mol/L and an L/S ratio of 50 are the best conditions to recover P with low Zn contamination. Concerning the SiO2, its content in RHPLA is too low to consider the proposed recovery process as advantageous. However, based on our analysis, this process should be sustainable to recover SiO2 when its content in the starting materials is more than 80%.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Efficacy of Poultry Litter Ash Blended with Lime or Gypsum as Fillers

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Bauer ◽  
Ariel A. Szogi ◽  
Paul D. Shumaker
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash

Ash from power plants that incinerate poultry litter has fertilizer value, but research is lacking on optimal land application methodologies. Experiments were conducted to evaluate calcitic lime and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) as potential fillers for poultry litter ash land applications. The ash had phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of 68 and 59 g kg−1, respectively. Soil extractable P and K were measured in an incubation pot study, comparing calcitic lime to FGDG at filler/ash ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. After one month, soils were sampled and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) seeds were planted to investigate how plant growth and uptake of P and K were influenced by the fillers. Application of ash alone or with fillers increased soil extractable P and K levels above unamended controls by 100% and 70%, respectively. Filler materials did not affect biomass or P and K concentration of the ryegrass. A field study with a commercial spinner disc fertilizer applicator was conducted to compare application uniformity of ash alone and filler/ash blends. Overall, test data suggested that uniform distribution of ash alone or with fillers is feasible in field applications using a commercial fertilizer spreader.

Heavy metals removal from wastewaters of phosphoric acid production: a comparison of hybrid liquid membrane (HLM) and aqueous hybrid liquid membrane (AHLM) technologies

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kislik ◽  
A. Eyal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Separation System ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Cyanex 302

Selective removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) was studied, using the two liquid membrane systems: Hybrid Liquid Membrane (HLM) and Aqueous Hybrid Liquid Membrane (AHLM). Monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302) in kerosene (for the HLM) and Polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA) aqueous solution (for the AHLM) were used as a liquid membrane (LM), separated from the feed and strip streams by neutral or cation-exchange membranes. On application of the HLM separation system, the permeation from the feed to the strip phase followed the selectivity sequence: Zn >> Cd > Cu with all types of membranes used. Results show that the selective separation of Cd and Zn from the WPA may be achieved by the HLM with cation-exchange membranes, using a single set-up installation at continuous processing. Copper is accumulated in the Cyanex 302, poisoning the carrier. So, this carrier and HCl as a strip solution can not be recommended for the HLM processing of WPA. Using the AHLM separation system, heavy metals such as cadmium and copper, were successfully recovered from the WPA: average fluxes (in mol/m2sec) to the strip phase were 3.7 × 10-7 and 6.7 × 10-7. Satisfactory dynamic selectivity to copper (≈16) was found. The transfer of iron and zinc species to the strip phase was below detection levels during the 144 hrs of the AHLM experiment. Contamination of the feed and strip solutions by PVSA was not observed during the 500 hrs of processing. The membranes were completely regenerable and used repeatedly. In comparison with the HLM and other liquid membrane systems, the AHLM can potentially provide many operational, economic and environmental advantages, some of them being higher transport rates, low carrier losses and low contamination of the feed and strip solutions by water-soluble polymers, long membrane lifetime, ambient temperature, low energy requirements and chemical consumption, no special requirements for membrane resistance in organic solvents, and fewer limitations on the variability of membrane pore sizes, etc.

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