Analysis of Droplet Characteristics and Kinetic Energy Distribution for Fixed Spray Plate Sprinkler at Low Working Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
Rui Chen ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Xin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Kinetic Energy Distribution ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
List Type ◽  
Working Pressure

HighlightsAn experiment was conducted to investigate the hydraulic performance of a fixed spray plate sprinkler (FSPS).A model was developed for estimating the cumulative kinetic energy of the FSPS under a moving system.The droplet characteristics and kinetic energy distribution were affected by the working pressure and FSPS structure.A high cumulative kinetic energy could lead to a low water infiltration rate into the soil.Abstract. The kinetic energy of droplets from a fixed spray plate sprinkler (FSPS) has a substantial influence on runoff and soil erosion, as well as on the energy consumption of moving sprinkler irrigation systems. To determine the droplet characteristics and kinetic energy of an FSPS, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working pressure, plate structure, and nozzle size on the droplet diameter, velocity, and kinetic energy. Two plates (the FSPSB with a concave trajectory and deep grooves in the blue plate, and the FSPSY with a flat trajectory and shallow grooves in the yellow plate) were used in the tests. The cumulative kinetic energy and water depth were calculated for a single sprinkler moving in a straight line. The results show that the FSPSB, which had deeper grooves in the plate, produced a larger droplet diameter than the FSPSY, with shallow grooves in the plate. The droplet landing velocities presented a logarithmic relationship with the droplet diameter, and velocities increased with an increase in droplet diameter. The peak specific power (SP) value of the FSPSB was 1.14 to 16.76 times that of the FSPSY. When the working pressure was less than 150 kPa, the peak SP of the FSPSB remained at a high level. With an increase in working pressure, the peak SP of the FSPSB initially increased and then decreased, while the peak SP of the FSPSY increased. The cumulative kinetic energy of the FSPSB was higher than that of the FSPSY under mobile spray conditions. Compared with the cumulative water depth, the cumulative kinetic energy of the FSPSB increased and then decreased as the working pressure increased for the same applied water volume. Because the soil had a lower infiltration rate under the FSPSB, surface ponding was more likely to occur with the FSPSB than with the FSPSY at low working pressure. Keywords: Cumulative kinetic energy, Droplet size, Specific power, Sprinkler irrigation, Working condition.

scholarly journals Effects of Pressure and Nozzle Size on the Spray Characteristics of Low-Pressure Rotating Sprinklers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904
Author(s):  
Rui Chen ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Xin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Droplet Velocity ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Droplet Trajectory

Using low-pressure sprinklers in agricultural irrigation has become an alternative way of reducing water and energy stress. To determine the applicability of the low-pressure rotating sprinkler, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of working pressure and nozzle size on sprinkler rotation speed, application rate, droplet size, droplet velocity, droplet trajectory angle, and kinetic energy distribution. The results showed that the mean droplet diameter increased exponentially along with the increase in distance from the sprinkler, and a logarithmic relation was derived between droplet diameter and droplet velocity. Due to the low breakup degree of the jet under the lowest working pressure of 100 kPa, the peak values of specific power and application rate were high, which reached 0.09 W m−2 and 11.35 mm h−1, and were 3.1–5.4 times and 2.5–3.1 times those of other working conditions. Meanwhile, the peak specific power of the biggest nozzle (diameter = 5.2 mm) was 2.4–2.8 times that of smaller nozzles. With an increase in working pressure, the sprinkler time per rotation decreased and the distributions of kinetic energy and water became more uniform. Thus, it is not recommended to equip the sprinkler with a large nozzle under low working pressure.

Kinetic energy distribution of ions in the laser ablation of copper targets

1998 ◽  
Vol 127-129 ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Amoruso ◽  
V Berardi ◽  
R Bruzzese ◽  
N Spinelli ◽  
X Wang
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy Distribution

scholarly journals Non-thermal laser-induced desorption of metal atoms with bimodal kinetic energy distribution

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Götz ◽  
M. Bergt ◽  
W. Hoheisel ◽  
F. Träger ◽  
M. Stuke
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy Distribution ◽  
Metal Atoms

scholarly journals Comparison between sprinkler irrigation and natural rainfall based on droplet diameter

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaoSheng Ge ◽  
Pute Wu ◽  
Delan Zhu ◽  
Daniel P. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Actual Field

<p>An indoor experiment was conducted to analyze the movement characteristics of different sized droplets and their influence on water application rate distribution and kinetic energy distribution. Radial droplets emitted from a Nelson D3000 sprinkler nozzle under 66.3, 84.8, and 103.3 kPa were measured in terms of droplet velocity, landing angle, and droplet kinetic energy and results were compared to natural rainfall characteristics. Results indicate that sprinkler irrigation droplet landing velocity for all sizes of droplets is not related to nozzle pressure and the values of landing velocity are very close to that of natural rainfall. The velocity horizontal component increases with radial distance while the velocity vertical component decreases with radial distance. Additionally, landing angle of all droplet sizes decreases with radial distance. The kinetic energy is decomposed into vertical component and horizontal component due to the oblique angles of droplet impact on the surface soil, and this may aggravate soil erosion. Therefore the actual oblique angle of impact should be considered in actual field conditions and measures should be taken for remediation of soil erosion if necessary.</p>

scholarly journals Turbulent Kinetic Energy Distribution of Nutrient Solution Flow in NFT Hydroponic Systems Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Cesar H. Guzmán-Valdivia ◽  
Jorge Talavera-Otero ◽  
Omar Désiga-Orenday
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Kinetic Energy Distribution ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

Hydroponics is crucial for providing feasible and economical alternatives when soils are not available for conventional farming. Scholars have raised questions regarding the ideal nutrient solution flow rate to increase the weight and height of hydroponic crops. This paper presents the turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the nutrient solution flow in a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Its main objective is to determine the dynamics of nutrient solution flow. To conduct this study, a virtual NFT hydroponic system was modeled. To determine the turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the virtual NFT hydroponic system, we conducted a CFD analysis with different pipe diameters (3.5, 9.5, and 15.5 mm) and flow rates (0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 L min−1). The simulation results indicate that different pipe diameters and flow rates in NFT hydroponic systems vary the turbulent kinetic energy distribution of nutrient solution flow around plastic mesh pots.

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