scholarly journals A Review of Landscape Water Requirements Using a Multicomponent Landscape Coefficient

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2039-2058
Author(s):  
Richard G. Allen ◽  
Michael D. Dukes ◽  
Richard L. Snyder ◽  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
Ayse Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Decoupling Method ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Landscape Water

HighlightsA multi-component decoupling method for the landscape coefficient is described that provides a thorough means to estimate the water requirements of landscapes.The decoupling method considers differences in vegetation type, density, local climate, and soil water management.Methods for incorporating managed stress and frequency of irrigation are described.Winter or dormant season ET is described.The procedure in ASABE Standard S623 is a simpler form of the multi-component procedure and is complementary.Abstract. Water requirements of landscapes are highly variable due to the heterogeneous natures of landscapes, vegetation types, influence of buildings, and nutrient and water management. Objectives for water management of landscapes are for general appearance and health rather than for maximum biomass production. A multi-component method developed for the Irrigation Association (IA) and extended from the California WUCOLS procedure is demonstrated in which the landscape coefficient (KL, equivalent to a crop coefficient) is broken down into four components: vegetation type, vegetation density, microclimate, and managed stress. Each of these components can be estimated using readily made descriptions of a landscaped area and management objectives. One form of the KL equation is used to determine target KL that incorporates a target amount of soil water stress to support water conservation and to support water planning studies. A second form of the KL equation can be used to estimate the actual KL occurring under actual water management. The second form is used in studies of water balances and actual water conservation. The general decoupled equation is further expanded to optionally incorporate impacts of evaporation from exposed soil to assess impacts of irrigation frequency on total water consumption. The mathematics for the approach can be incorporated into software applications and smart irrigation controllers to produce improved water consumption estimates for landscape water requirements for use in irrigation scheduling, water requirement planning, and water depletion studies. The simplified procedure for estimating landscape water requirements in ASABE Standard S623 that is complementary to the IA procedure is discussed and compared. Both methods use a vegetation type and density system as the basis for efficiently estimating scientifically accurate landscape water requirements. Keywords: . Evapotranspiration, Irrigation requirements, Landscape coefficients, Landscape water requirements, Managed Stress, Microclimates, NAIP areal imagery.

scholarly journals Guidelines for irrigation scheduling of banana crop in São Francisco Valley, Brazil. I - Root distribution and activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Henrique Bassoi ◽  
José Antonio Moura e Silva ◽  
Emanuel Elder Gomes da Silva ◽  
Clovis Manoel Carvalho Ramos ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Banana Crop

In order to establish guidelines for irrigation water management of banana cv. Pacovan (AAB group, Prata sub-group) in Petrolina County, northeastern Brazil, the root distribution and activity were measured on an irrigated plantation, in a medium texture soil, with plants spaced in a 3 x 3 m grid. Root distribution was evaluated by the soil profile method aided by digital image analysis, while root activity was indirectly determined by the changing of soil water content and by the direction of soil water flux. Data were collected since planting in January 1999 to the 3rd harvest in September 2001. Effective rooting depth increased from 0.4 m at 91 days after planting (dap), to 0.6 m at 370, 510, and 903 dap, while water absorption by roots was predominantly in the top 0,6 m.

scholarly journals Policy, Technology, and Management Options for Water Conservation in the Ogallala Aquifer in Kansas, USA

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3406
Author(s):  
Jean L. Steiner ◽  
Daniel L. Devlin ◽  
Sam Perkins ◽  
Jonathan P. Aguilar ◽  
Bill Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Irrigation Technology

The Ogallala Aquifer underlies 45 million ha, providing water for approximately 1.9 million people and supporting the robust agriculture economy of the US Great Plains region. The Ogallala Aquifer has experienced severe depletion, particularly in the Southern Plains states. This paper presents policy innovations that promote adoption of irrigation technology, and management innovations. Innovation in Kansas water policy has had the dual effects of increasing the authority of the state to regulate water while also providing more flexibility and increasing local input to water management and regulation. Technology innovations have focused on improved timing and placement of water. Management innovations include soil water monitoring, irrigation scheduling, soil health management and drought-tolerant varieties, crops, and cropping systems. The most noted success has been in the collective action which implemented a Local Enhanced Management Area (LEMA), which demonstrated that reduced water pumping resulted in low to no groundwater depletion while maintaining net income. Even more encouraging is the fact that irrigators who have participated in the LEMA or other conservation programs have conserved even more water than their goals. Innovative policy along with creative local–state–federal and private–public partnerships are advancing irrigation technology and management. Flexibility through multi-year allocations, banking of water not used in a given year, and shifting water across multiple water rights or uses on a farm are promising avenues to engage irrigators toward more sustainable irrigation in the Ogallala region.

scholarly journals Assessment of water-saving equipment to support the urban management of water

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Karla da Silva ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira Nunes ◽  
Anna Elis Paz Soares ◽  
Simone Rosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Drought Effects

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of the implementation of water-saving equipment in residences in the municipality of Caruaru-PE as a measure of water conservation and mitigation of the drought effects that have been devastating the region along the past five years. For this purpose, eight neighborhoods were selected and their populations were estimated along the years of 2015 and 2035. Subsequently, the water consumption per capita, water volumes consumed with the use of conventional sanitary equipment and with the use of water-saving equipment were calculated, obtaining the volume of water saved. For the estimates of cost for the services and material required for the installation of water-saving equipment, tables of price compositions for budgets were consulted and adapted. The results demonstrated that it is possible to save up to 40% of consumed water only with the implementation of water-saving equipment, with a mean return time of six and a half years. Therefore, it is possible to understand that the use of water-saving equipment represents an important instrument of water management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Alternative Agricultural Land Use Options for Extending the Availability of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Northern High Plains of Texas

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Gary Marek ◽  
Thomas Marek ◽  
Jerry Moorhead ◽  
Kevin Heflin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Dryland Farming

The Ogallala Aquifer has experienced a continuous decline in water levels due to decades of irrigation pumping with minimal recharge. Corn is one of the major irrigated crops in the semi-arid Northern High Plains (NHP) of Texas. Selection of less water-intensive crops may provide opportunities for groundwater conservation. Modeling the long-term hydrologic impacts of alternative crops can be a time-saving and cost-effective alternative to field-based experiments. A newly developed management allowed depletion (MAD) irrigation scheduling algorithm for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used in this study. The impacts of irrigated farming, dryland farming, and continuous fallow on water conservation were evaluated. Results indicated that simulated irrigation, evapotranspiration, and crop yield were representative of the measured data. Approximately 19%, 21%, and 32% reductions in annual groundwater uses were associated with irrigated soybean, sunflower, and sorghum, respectively, as compared to irrigated corn. On average, annual soil water depletion was more than 52 mm for dryland farming scenarios. In contrast, only 18 mm of soil water was lost to evaporation annually, for the long-term continuous fallow simulation. The fallow scenario also showed 31 mm of percolation for aquifer recharge.

scholarly journals The Bases of Peach Tree Irrigation in the Fruit-Growing Basin from Oradea, Romania, and the Use of the Microsprinkler System

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Cristian G. DOMUȚA ◽  
Cornel DOMUȚA ◽  
Manuel A. GÎTEA ◽  
Ioana M. BORZA ◽  
Ana C. PEREȘ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Variation Range

The paper presents the results obtained on preluvo-soil in Sâniob, Oradea, during 2007-2015. In order to maintain the soil water content between easily available water content and field capacity, the irrigation rate used was between 60 mm/ha and 470 mm/ha. Irrigation determined an increase of the total water consumption by 53% (712 mm/ha vs. 466 mm/ha). For the non-irrigated variant (71%) and for the irrigated one (46%), the rainfalls registered between 15 March-1 October yearly represented the main source of supplying the total water consumption, while irrigation supplied 40% of the total water consumption (with a variation range 11%-61%). The microsprinkler irrigation system led to a 30.6% yield gain, with a variation range of 15.8%-58.7%. It also determined a higher size index in comparison with the non-irrigated variant and a smaller percentage of kernels. All differences were statistically very significant. Several correlations were quantified in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system. The parameters of the system were: pedological drought, strong pedological drought and water consumption. All correlations were statistically very significant; the best mathematical expression was the polynomial function. Four methods (Penman Monteith, Pan, Piche and Thornthwaite evaporimeter methods) were studied to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in comparison with the optimal water consumption of the peach tree. As it was cheaper and easier to use, the Pan evaporation method was recommended in the irrigation scheduling, although the Penman Monteith method could have given more accurate results in assessing the optimal water consumption.

scholarly journals Improving soil and water conservation and ecosystem services by sustainable soil management practices: From a global to an Italian soil partnership

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Filiberto Altobelli ◽  
Ronald Vargas ◽  
Giuseppe Corti ◽  
Carmelo Dazzi ◽  
Luca Montanarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Sustainable Soil Management ◽  
Soil And Water

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) identify the need to restore degraded soils in order to improve productivity and the provision of ecosystem services. The aim is to support food production, store and supply clean water, conserve biodiversity, sequester carbon, and improve soil resilience in a context of climate change. Within this framework, in order to achieve the SDGs and to correct land management in the long-term, soil management is considered mandatory. The reduction of land degradation should be based on various sustainable soil management practices that improve and maintain soil organic matter levels, increase water infiltration, and improve soil water management. This technical review - a policy paper - summarizes the sustainable and territorial impact of soil degradation, including soil water erosion, from the global level to the European and National levels. Furthermore, with the aim of sharing ongoing soil and water management actions, instruments, and initiatives, we provide information on soil and water conservation activities and prospects in Italy.

scholarly journals Irrigation Factor Approach Based on Soil Water Content: A Nectarine Orchard Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Vera ◽  
Wenceslao Conejero ◽  
María Conesa ◽  
M. Ruiz-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

Precision agriculture requires irrigation supported by an accurate knowledge of the crop water requirements. In this paper, a novel approach for drip irrigation scheduling of fruit trees is presented based on the results obtained during a full growing season in an early-maturing nectarine orchard growing in a clay loam soil in a Mediterranean environment. Real-time water content was monitored in the soil profile of the main root exploration zone by means of capacitance probes; in addition, plant water status (midday stem water potential and leaf gas exchange) and canopy development were frequently measured throughout the vegetative cycle. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values, taken from a nearby automatic meteorological station, and the measured irrigation values allowed the determination of the irrigation factors once irrigation drainage during the season was assumed to be negligible and plant water status was proved to be adequate. The proposed irrigation factors offer a hands-on approach as an easy tool for irrigation management based on suitable soil water deficits, allowing the water requirements of nectarine trees under precision irrigation to be determined in semi-arid agrosystems where water resources are limited.

scholarly journals Evaluating a Physiological-based, On-demand Irrigation System for Container-grown Woody Plants with Different Water Requirements

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmitha Nambuthiri ◽  
Ethan Hagen ◽  
Amy Fulcher ◽  
Robert Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Growth Metrics

Two sensor-based irrigation scheduling systems were compared for water use and plant growth in container-grown Green Velvet boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L. × B. microphylla Siebold & Zucc. var. koreana ‘Green Velvet’) and slender deutzia (Deutzia gracilis Siebold & Zucc). These crops were chosen because they have different water requirements during production. The two sensor-based irrigation systems included a physiological-based on-demand (OD) irrigation system where the set point was derived from the relationship between substrate moisture and photosynthetic rate. The second system was a daily water use (DWU) method where the amount of water used by the crop was replaced each day. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare water use and growth metrics using the OD and DWU irrigation scheduling regimes for two container-grown woody plants that differed in their water consumption. There were no differences in root and shoot biomass or growth index due to the irrigation schedule employed for either boxwood or deutzia. For boxwood plants, OD irrigation reduced water consumption by 35.5% and enhanced water use efficiency (WUE) by 54.5% compared with DWU. Total water use of deutzia in OD zones was reduced by 26.5% compared with DWU. DWU offers the labor scheduling advantage of irrigation occurring at a set time of day, and OD offers the advantage of watering as required, potentially reducing water stress as the season progresses and as the plant size and atmospheric demand increase.

scholarly journals Water Use Behavior in a Multicultural Urban Area in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8603
Author(s):  
Atefeh Dadvar ◽  
Krushna Mahapatra ◽  
Jörgen Forss
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
World Population ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Use Behavior

The increasing world population and climate change are major concerns for the supply of water needs. Understanding user behavior facilitates the development of effective strategies of domestic water management. This research applied a questionnaire survey and data analysis methods to analyze the water consumption behavior of tenants in a multicultural urban area, dominated by immigrants of different ethnic origins, in the city of Växjö in Sweden. Results showed that the majority of the studied participants perceived themselves to be environmentally friendly. They reported to be engaged in water conservation activities quite often, but analysis showed that they did not have accurate perceptions of their water consumption. Positive attitudes towards water conservation and self-reported water conservation activities significantly but negatively influenced respondents’ actual water consumption, i.e., water consumption was higher. Subjective norms did not have a significant influence. The results also revealed that individual measurement and debit positively influenced, i.e., reduced, actual water consumption. Therefore, water management systems should include an individual measurement and debit system combined with a visualization system to enable tenants to monitor the quantity and cost of their water consumption.

scholarly journals HYDRUS-1D Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics and Response of Different ETo Models to Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) Under a Rainfed Condition in Southern Manitoba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka Ndulue ◽  
Afua Adobea Mante ◽  
Ramanathan Sri Ran
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Taylor Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract Soil water content (SWC) plays a critical role in crop yield, irrigation scheduling, and water resources management. In the Canadian Prairies, the water content in the rootzone replenished by rainfall is rarely sufficient to satisfy crop water requirements. Thus, the need for robust and effective water management. Hydrologic modelling provides the opportunity to understand the underlying processes controlling and affecting soil water movement and distribution. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important input of hydrologic models; thus, the estimation of ET could have significant consequences on modelling outcome and inference. The FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) is the recommended model for estimating the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). However, it is limited by requiring too many weather variables that are not readily available. Simple empirical ETo models have been developed as an alternative. In this study, six ETo models with different inputs were used to simulate soil water dynamics in a rainfed potato farm in Winkler, Manitoba, using the HYDRUS-1D model. The results showed that when used to simulate SWC, all the models followed a similar pattern, although a significant difference was observed at shallow depth (20 cm). Specifically, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between observed and simulated SWC from Hargreaves Samani, Romanenko, Penman, and FAO-PM (missing) models. When used to simulate the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between observed and simulated ETc from FAO PM, Irmak, and Priestly – Taylor models. Hence, ETo models with fewer data inputs such as Irmak and Priestly – Taylor models can provide accurate and reliable results for water management in southern Manitoba.

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