scholarly journals Global Water Security: Current Research and Priorities for Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
R. Daren Harmel ◽  
A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi ◽  
Kendall C. DeJonge ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Precision Irrigation ◽  
Global Water

HighlightsWe provide context and perspectives on 13 articles in the Global Water Security collection.Limited irrigation, precision irrigation, and sustainable water resources management were critical themes.The collection emphasizes the need for adopting location-specific technologies to achieve global water security.Advances in data acquisition, data analysis, and modeling should be utilized to aid managing water resources. Abstract. This article introduces the Global Water Security collection in this issue of Transactions of the ASABE and issue 36(1) of Applied Engineering in Agriculture. Researchers, educators, industry partners, agricultural producers, and policymakers from 19 countries met at Hyderabad, India, to discuss critical issues and advancements at the Global Water Security Conference for Agriculture and Natural Resources. The conference was organized jointly by ASABE and the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE). This special collection consists of 13 articles selected from the 245 meeting presentations as well as invited articles. A perspectives article in this collection summarizes seven key priorities identified for action at the conference: reduce food waste, increase wastewater reuse, increase agricultural resiliency and efficiency, optimize irrigation efficiency and increase crop water productivity, improve water supply management, improve water resource infrastructure, and enhance water resource decision-making and policy formulation. The remaining 12 articles address a wide range of water security topics grouped by four themes: sustainable management of water resources (3 articles), limited irrigation for water conservation (5 articles), precision irrigation management (2 articles), and water management in hilly regions (2 articles). While these articles are not inclusive of all water security challenges in the agriculture and natural resources sectors, they highlight selected important challenges and potential solutions. The research presented in this special collection emphasizes the importance of developing and using appropriate location-specific technologies that increase water application efficiency and water use efficiency while maintaining adequate water supplies for natural resource functions and ecosystem services to ensure global water security. Keywords: Climate change, Crop water productivity, Food security, Irrigation efficiency, Natural resource policy, Wastewater reuse, Water resource infrastructure, Water scarcity.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Global Water Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
R. Daren Harmel ◽  
Indrajeet Chaubey ◽  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Security ◽  
List Type ◽  
Natural Resource Policy ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Global Water

HighlightsASABE and ISAE convened the Global Water Security Conference for Agriculture and Natural Resources in Hyderabad, India, in 2018.Recommendations represent collective contribution of attendees and presenters in seven key priorities.Continuation of a narrow focus on technical aspects will likely prevent the success of technical solutions.Scientists and engineers should work together across all disciplines and boundaries to ensure global water security. Keywords: Climate change, Crop water productivity, Food security, Irrigation efficiency, Natural resource policy, Wastewater reuse, Water resource infrastructure, Water scarcity.

scholarly journals Virtual water trade: an assessment of water use efficiency in the international food trade

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
K. C. Abbaspour ◽  
A. J. B. Zehnder
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Water Accounting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. Amid an increasing water scarcity in many parts of the world, virtual water trade as both a policy instrument and practical means to balance the local, national and global water budget has received much attention in recent years. Building upon the knowledge of virtual water accounting in the literature, this study assesses the efficiency of water use embodied in the international food trade from the perspectives of exporting and importing countries and at the global and country levels. The investigation reveals that the virtual water flows primarily from countries of high crop water productivity to countries of low crop water productivity, generating a global saving in water use. Meanwhile, the total virtual water trade is dominated by green virtual water, which constitutes a low opportunity cost of water use as opposed to blue virtual water. A sensitivity analysis, however, suggests high uncertainties in the virtual water accounting and the estimation of the scale of water saving. The study also raises awareness of the limited effect of water scarcity on the global virtual water trade and the negative implications of the global water saving for the water use efficiency and food security in importing countries and the environment in exporting countries. The analysis shows the complexity in evaluating the efficiency gains in the international virtual water trade. The findings of the study, nevertheless, call for a greater emphasis on rainfed agriculture to improve the global food security and environmental sustainability.

Irrigation Management Effects on Crop Water Productivity for Maize Production in the Texas High Plains

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Gary W. Marek ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Steven R. Evett ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Kevin R. Heflin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Management Effects

scholarly journals Maize Seedling Establishment, Grain Yield and Crop Water Productivity Response to Seed Priming and Irrigation Management in a Mediterranean Arid Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
AbdAllah M. El-Sanatawy ◽  
Ahmed S. M. El-Kholy ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed F. Awad ◽  
Elsayed Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

Water shortage is a major environmental stress that destructively impacts maize production, particularly in arid regions. Therefore, improving irrigation management and increasing productivity per unit of water applied are needed, especially under the rising temperature and precipitation fluctuations induced by climate change. Laboratory and field trials were carried out in the present study, which were aimed at assessing the possibility of promoting maize germination, growth, grain yield and crop water productivity (CWP) using seed priming under different irrigation regimes. Two seed priming treatments, i.e., hydro-priming and hardening versus unprimed seeds, were applied under four irrigation regimes, i.e., 120, 100, 80 and 60% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The obtained results indicated that increasing irrigation water from 100% up to 120% ETc did not significantly increase grain yield or contributing traits, while it decreased CWP. Deficit irrigation of 80 and 60% ETc gradually decreased grain yield and all attributed traits. Seed priming significantly ameliorated seedlings’ vigor as indicated by earlier germination, higher germination percentage, longer roots and shoots, and heavier fresh and dry weight than unprimed seeds with the superiority of hardening treatment. Additionally, under field conditions, seed priming significantly increased grain yield, yield contributing traits and CWP compared with unprimed treatment. Interestingly, the results reflect the role of seed priming, particularly hardening, in mitigating negative impacts of drought stress and enhancing maize growth, grain yield and attributed traits as well as CWP under deficit irrigation conditions. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in grain yield and CWP under moderate drought and severe drought conditions compared with unprimed treatment. These results highlight that efficient irrigation management and seed priming can increase maize yield and water productivity in arid environments.

scholarly journals Global Satellite-Based ET Products for the Local Level Irrigation Management: An Application of Irrigation Performance Assessment in the Sugarbelt of Swaziland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poolad Karimi ◽  
Bhembe Bongani ◽  
Megan Blatchford ◽  
Charlotte de Fraiture
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Crop Water Productivity

Remote sensing techniques have been shown, in several studies, to be an extremely effective tool for assessing the performance of irrigated areas at various scales and diverse climatic regions across the world. Open access, ready-made, global ET products were utilized in this first-ever-countrywide irrigation performance assessment study. The study aimed at identifying ‘bright spots’, the highest performing sugarcane growers, and ‘hot spots’, or low performing sugarcane growers. Four remote sensing-derived irrigation performance indicators were applied to over 302 sugarcane growers; equity, adequacy, reliability and crop water productivity. The growers were segmented according to: (i) land holding size or grower scale (ii) management regime, (iii) location of the irrigation schemes and (iv) irrigation method. Five growing seasons, from June 2005 to October 2009, were investigated. The results show while the equity of water distribution is high across all management regimes and locations, adequacy and reliability of water needs improvement in several locations. Given the fact that, in general, water supply was not constrained during the study period, the observed issues with adequacy and reliability of irrigation in some of the schemes were mostly due to poor scheme and farm level water management practices. Sugarcane crop water productivity showed the highest variation among all the indicators, with Estate managed schemes having the highest CWP at 1.57 kg/m3 and the individual growers recording the lowest CWP at 1.14 kg/m3, nearly 30% less. Similarly center pivot systems showed to have the highest CWP at 1.63 kg/m3, which was 30% higher than the CWP in furrow systems. This study showcases the applicability of publicly available global remote sensing products for assessing performance of the irrigated crops at the local level in several aspects.

Soil management for raising crop water productivity in rainfed production systems in Lao PDR

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolde Mekuria ◽  
Andrew Noble ◽  
Matthew McCartney ◽  
Chu Thai Hoanh ◽  
Somphasith Douangsavanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Productivity

Effect of diversified crop rotations on groundwater levels and crop water productivity in the North China Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Yang ◽  
Yuanquan Chen ◽  
Steven Pacenka ◽  
Wangsheng Gao ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
The North China Plain
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