Model Maintenance of RC-PLSR for Moisture Content Measurement of Dried Scallop

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-899
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Shuchang Liu ◽  
Junaid Ullah ◽  
Zehao Sun ◽  
Caicai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
List Type ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Moisture Content Measurement ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Lower Correlation ◽  
Plsr Model ◽  
Model Failure ◽  
Direct Standardization

HighlightsThe RC-PLSR model for Haiwan scallop can be transferred to Xiayi scallop.The direct standardization method is suggested for model maintenance.The VSWS-PDS method can be further improved in precision.Abstract. A prediction model for evaluating the moisture content in dried Haiwan scallops was established using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology in a previously published study. The accuracy of such models is usually affected by differences in sample species, different environmental conditions such as temperature or humidity, and aging of instruments. In this study, the prediction ability of the RC-PLSR model is improved by correcting the spectra of the tested species of dried scallop (i.e., Xiayi) to solve the problem of model failure caused by sample differences. The results of model maintenance by direct standardization (DS) are compared with those of variety sensitive wavelength selection - piecewise direct standardization (VSWS-PDS). The results showed that after using VSWS-PDS to modify the spectral data of the dried scallop samples, the correlation coefficient of prediction (Rp) of the updated model increased from 0.0890 to 0.9190. However, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) also increased, indicating a need for improved precision. The RC-PLSR model based on DS correction showed Rp of 0.790 and RMSEP of 9.7481%. Model maintenance using the DS method is suggested because DS generally outperformed VSWS-PDS, even with a lower correlation coefficient. Future work on error reduction and sample input is suggested for VSWS-PDS optimization. Keywords: Direct standardization, Hyperspectral images, Model maintenance, Scallop, VSWS-PDS.

scholarly journals Moisture Content Measurement of Broadleaf Litters using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technique

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghiseok Kim ◽  
Suk-Ju Hong ◽  
Ah-Yeong Lee ◽  
Ye-Eun Lee ◽  
Sangjun Im
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Optimal Subset ◽  
Preprocessing Technique ◽  
Moisture Content Measurement ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Plsr Model

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was implemented to monitor the moisture content of broadleaf litters. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models, incorporating optimal wavelength selection techniques, have been proposed to better predict the litter moisture of forest floor. Three broadleaf litters were used to sample the reflection spectra corresponding the different degrees of litter moisture. Maximum normalization preprocessing technique was successfully applied to remove unwanted noise from the reflectance spectra of litters. Four variable selection methods were also employed to extract the optimal subset of measured spectra for establishing the best prediction model. The results showed that the PLSR model with the peak of beta coefficients method was the best predictor among all candidate models. The proposed NIRS procedure is thought to be a suitable technique for on-the-spot evaluation of litter moisture.

Municipal solid waste in situ moisture content measurement using an electrical resistance sensor

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin A. Gawande ◽  
Debra R. Reinhart ◽  
Philip A. Thomas ◽  
Philip T. McCreanor ◽  
Timothy G. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Content Measurement ◽  
Moisture Content Measurement

Evaluation of Design Characteristics for Animal Mortality Composting Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Tiago Costa ◽  
Neslihan Akdeniz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composting Systems

HighlightsDesign characteristics for animal mortality compost cover materials were tested.Compressive stress was applied to simulate the effects of the mortalities on cover materials.The highest permeability was measured for sawdust at 25% moisture content.A linear relationship was found between the volumetric flow rate and the power required to aerate the piles.Abstract. Composting is an aerobic process that relies on natural aeration to maintain proper oxygen levels. Air-filled porosity, mechanical strength, and permeability are among the essential parameters used to optimize the process. This study’s objective was to measure the physical parameters and airflow characteristics of three commonly used cover materials at four moisture levels, which could be used in designing actively aerated swine mortality composting systems. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to measure pressure drops across the cover materials as a function of the airflow rate and the material’s moisture content. Compressive stress was applied for 48 h to simulate the impact of swine mortalities on the cover materials. The power required to aerate each material was determined as a function of volumetric flow rate and moisture content. As expected, air-filled porosity and permeability decreased with increasing bulk density and moisture content. The highest average permeability values were measured at 25% moisture content and ranged from 66 × 10-4 to 70 × 10-4 mm2, from 161 × 10-4 to 209 × 10-4 mm2, and from 481 × 10-4 to 586 × 10-4 mm2 for woodchips, ground cornstalks, and sawdust, respectively. For the range of airflow rates tested in this study (0.0025 to 0.0050 m3 s-1 m-2), a linear relationship (R2 = 0.975) was found between the volumetric flow rate (m3 s-1) and the power required to aerate the compost pile (W per 100 kg of swine mortality). Keywords: Airflow, Darcy’s law, Livestock, Modeling, Permeability, Pressure drop.

Microwave Nondestructive Sensing of Moisture Content and Water Activity of Almonds

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379
Author(s):  
Samir Trabelsi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Dielectric Loss Factor ◽  
List Type

HighlightsMoisture and water activity were determined nondestructively and in real time from measurement of dielectric properties.Moisture and water activity calibration equations were established in terms of the dielectric properties.Situations in which bulk density was known or unknown were considered.SEC ranged from 0.41% to 0.68% for moisture and from 0.02 to 0.04 for water activity.Abstract. A method for rapid and nondestructive determination of moisture content and water activity of granular and particulate materials was developed. The method relies on measurement of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor at a single microwave frequency. For the purpose of illustration, the method was applied to predicting the moisture content and water activity of almond kernels. A free-space transmission technique was used for accurate measurement of the dielectric properties. Samples of Bute Padre almond kernels with moisture content ranging from 4.8% to 16.5%, wet basis (w.b.), and water activity ranging from 0.50 to 0.93 were loaded into a Styrofoam sample holder and placed between two horn-lens antennas connected to a vector network analyzer. The dielectric properties were calculated from measurement of the attenuation and phase shift at 8 GHz and 25°C. The dielectric properties increased linearly with moisture content, while they showed an exponential increase with water activity. Situations in which the bulk density was known and unknown were considered. Linear and exponential growth regressions provided equations correlating the dielectric properties with moisture content and water activity with coefficients of determination (r2) higher than 0.96. Analytical expressions of moisture content and water activity in terms of the dielectric properties measured at 8 GHz and 25°C are provided. The standard error of calibration (SEC) was calculated for each calibration equation. Results show that moisture content can be predicted with SECs ranging from 0.41% to 0.68% (w.b.) and water activity with SECs ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 for almond kernel samples with water activity ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 and moisture contents ranging from 4.8% to 16.5% (w.b.). Keywords: Bulk density, Dielectric constant, Dielectric loss factor, Free-space measurements, Loss tangent, Microwave frequencies, Moisture content, Water activity.

scholarly journals Void and Moisture Content of Fiber Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Nurul Zuhairah Mahmud Zuhudi ◽  
Afiq Faizul Zulkifli ◽  
Muzafar Zulkifli ◽  
Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya ◽  
Nurhayati Mohd Nur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, a short review on the void and moisture content studies of fiber reinforced composites for both, synthetic and natural based fibers are presented. The review summarized the research papers in which include experimental and theoretical works that related to the void and moisture content studies. In addition to that, this review paper highlighting a few research studies conducted in literature on the effects of the void and moisture on the mechanical performances of the composite. Few common measurement methods used for the void and moisture determination are discussed here. The aims of this short review, mainly to capture the trend ranging from the recent five years back and summarize the various studies and also to compare and conclude the most common method for the determination of the void and moisture content. This paper is mainly providing a baseline in the selection of the methods for the future work of the author’s work with regard to the reduction of the presence of voids and moisture occur during the impregnation process of fiber reinforced composites, especially when using natural-based fiber.

New Technology and Applications on Microwave Sensor for Moisture Content Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 1019-1023
Author(s):  
Yu Chi Leng ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Content Measurement ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Circular Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Moisture Content Measurement

This paper presents the new technology and applications on microwave sensor for moisture content measurement. A dual-frequency microwave sensor based on circular microstrip antenna has been developed to measure moisture content(MC) of lossy liquids. The experiment is based on measurements of far-field reflection at two frequencies in the X-band,8.48 and 10.69GHz. Moisture content of the rubber latex samples can be determined with a standard error 0.49%.A prototype microwave based moisture sensor system suitable for the kiln drying of hardwood lumber has been developed. Using the prototype electronics and sensors, have obtained measurements of MC over the above MC range for red oak and yellow poplar with standard deviations of less than 1.5% MC at 4.5 to 6GHz.A smart active microwave sensor for measuring the moisture content of felts used in the paper milling industry and more generally of sheet-like materials is presented. An inversion procedure based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is proposed in order to determine the moisture content of the felts. Finally the technical challenges and developing prospect of microwave sensors for Moisture Content Measurement are discussed.

Experimental Study on Tensile Properties of Sugarcane Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621
Author(s):  
Jing Bai ◽  
Shaochun Ma ◽  
Jiwei Hu ◽  
Yi Wei ◽  
Fenglei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
List Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Tensile Forces

Highlights This article focuses on the tensile properties of sugarcane leaves. The moisture content and sheath diameter were selected as test factors, and the test index was the stalk-leaf connecting force. The load-displacement curves of stalks and leaves were plotted. Two-way ANOVA was also discussed. Abstract . The tensile properties of sugarcane leaves are critical factors affecting the harvesting quality of sugarcane harvesters. Thus, it is important to investigate the tensile properties of sugarcane stalks and leaves. The selected test factors were leaf moisture content and sheath diameter, and the stalk-leaf connecting force was selected as test index. The tests were conducted with two moisture content levels of 15% and 20%, and three sheath diameters of 22, 26, and 30 mm. The stress-strain curves of stalks and leaves were plotted to show how the tensile force varied during the tensile test. The results showed that there was a strong linear correlation between the stalk-leaf connecting force and diameter of leaf sheath, and the connecting force also increased with the increasing moisture content. In addition, leaf tensile forces in longitudinal direction were much larger than in transverse direction. Two-way ANOVA revealed that both of the moisture contents (A) and sheath diameters (B) had significant effects on the stalk-leaf connecting force (p < 0.01), however, the interaction between A and B was not significant (p > 0.1). This study provides a theoretical reference for the design and improvement of crop dividers of sugarcane harvester. Keywords: Moisture content, Sheath diameter, Stalk-leaf connecting force, Sugarcane leaves, Universal testing machine, Tensile properties.

Effects of Moisture Content and Compaction Pressure on Bulk Density of Rye

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chiputula ◽  
Emmanuel Ajayi ◽  
Ray Bucklin ◽  
Ann R Blount
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
List Type ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Square Box

HighlightsRye grain compaction was measured for three different moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at five different compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa)Bulk densities were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p < 0.0001) on both the moisture content and applied pressure.Compacted bulk densities increased with increasing applied pressure for all moisture contents.Abstract. Bulk density of agricultural grains is needed to determine the quantity of grain in storage structures and to calculate grain pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of moisture content and applied pressure on bulk density of rye grain at moisture contents and pressures typical of those seen in storage structures. Rye compaction was measured for three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square box (based on the design used by Thompson and Ross, 1983). Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate the bulk densities for the three moisture contents and four compaction pressures. The bulk densities were found to be significantly dependent (p <0.0001) both on moisture contents and the pressure applied. Bulk densities varied with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for rye and other agricultural grains such as wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for estimating bulk density of rye in bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Grain compaction, Grain storage, Kernel rearrangement, Kernel elasticity.

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