Comparative Study of Rape Straw Cutting with Two Drum Cutting Assemblies

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bochat ◽  
Marcin Zastempowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rape Straw ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption ◽  
Forage Harvester

HighlightsThis article presents test results of a new cutting drum design for an agricultural forage harvester.The energy consumption in the cutting process of rape decreased with increasing speed and cutting angle.Cutting the plant material layers with the new design of the cutting drum is more efficient and productive.Cross-cutting of plant material into chopped straw is an important alternative to the currently used cutting method.Abstract. A comparative study of the classic design and a new design for the drum cutting assembly of a chaff cutter was conducted to determine the performance characteristics of both designs when cutting rape straw into defined lengths. The new design of the cutting drum made oblique cutting possible, which was not possible with the classic design. For assessment of the cutting process, two indicators were used: the effectiveness of the cutting process, and the unit energy consumption during the cutting process. The experimental results showed that the new design of the cutting drum resulted in a considerable increase in the effectiveness of cutting plant material into pieces, as compared to the classic design. Keywords: Chaff cutter, Cutting drum, Cutting of material layers, Cutting process effectiveness, Plant material.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3966
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Michał Śmieja ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Unit ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg · m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg · m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg · m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg · m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

Effect of the Short Fiber on the NR Composite and the NR-SBR Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 552-555
Author(s):  
Cai Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Mechanical Process ◽  
Contrast Method ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

The influence of the pretreatment polyester short fiber on the mechanical process and the properties of the NR/ SBR compound was studied by using contrast method. The results showed that the maximum power and the unit energy consumption increased because of short fiber, and the temperature also enhanced. So the low rotate speed is better. When the composite were cured, it had much characteristic such as rapid vulcanization speed, short scorch time and vulcanization smooth period. But the mechanical properties were increased. In the end, the microscopic photo of composite with the scanning electronic micrograph was taken.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Technology Readiness of a Ribbon-Blade Wind Turbine Using NASA’s TRL Method

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7709
Author(s):  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Turbine Design

The aim of this article was to complete a methodologically original study and evaluation of the technological readiness of an innovative ribbon-blade wind turbine in accordance with NASA’s TRL method. The structural form of the wind turbine unit analyzed herein, featuring a new ribbon turbine design, is distinguished by its safe durability. The circumferential speeds of the points on the turbine circumference were technologically verified positively and have a significant impact on the evaluation indicators of the conversion process, these being efficiency, unit energy consumption, and the quality of the power and energy of the wind power plant. The use of a new turbine design in the wind turbine analyzed herein, a working ribbon unit, resulted in a technological increase in efficiency from 13% to 32% and a reduction in unit internal energy consumption from 18% to 36% compared to the traditional wind turbine design. The TRL NASA-based evaluation herein, which consists of modern computer-aided engineering procedures (CAE standard) as well as IT instrumentation, and which includes nine degrees of technological readiness of an innovative ribbon windmill, falls in line with the standards for smart development based on knowledge and innovation (EU 2020 Strategy).

scholarly journals Energy performance indicators of wastewater treatment: a field study with 17 Portuguese plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Maria João Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

The energy costs usually represent the second largest part of the running costs of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is therefore crucial to increase the energy efficiency of these infrastructures and to implement energy management systems, where quantitative performance metrics, such as performance indicators (PIs), play a key role. This paper presents energy PIs which cover the unit energy consumption, production, net use from external sources and costs, and the results used to validate them and derive their reference values. The results of a field study with 17 Portuguese WWTPs (5-year period) were consistent with the results obtained through an international literature survey on the two key parcels of the energy balance – consumption and production. The unit energy consumption showed an overall inverse relation with the volume treated, and the reference values reflect this relation for trickling filters and for activated sludge systems (conventional, with coagulation/filtration (C/F) and with nitrification and C/F). The reference values of electrical energy production were derived from the methane generation potential (converted to electrical energy) and literature data, whereas those of energy net use were obtained by the difference between the energy consumption and production.

Study on the Energy Consumption Distribution of 1000MW USC Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1754-1760
Author(s):  
Li Qiang Duan ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Yong Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

In recent years, the 1000MW ultra-supercritical unit has developed rapidly for its high efficiency and low energy consumption in china. In order to further reduce the energy consumption, the energy consumption distribution of a typical ultra-supercritical unit is analyzed in detail, which can make contribution for the energy conservation of units. Based on the theory of unit energy consumption and according to the thermodynamic calculation of a 1000MW ultra super critical generating unit under the design condition and off-design loads, this paper reveals the distribution of energy consumption rules of the whole unit, including every subsystem. The results indicate that when the load deviates from the design load, the total energy consumption of system will increase.

Thin-layer Steam Distillation of Fermented Grains: Effects of Steam Flow Rate and Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingju Chen ◽  
Zhanyong Li ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Jitian Song ◽  
Jingsheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Steam Flow Rate ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Grains

Abstract Bioethanol was obtained by distillation of solid-state fermented biomass. In this process, the objective material is ethanol and it is not necessary to consider other contents, like aromatic compounds, as essential in Chinese traditional alcohol distillation. In this paper, the characteristics of steam distillation of fermented grains were investigated and interpreted by means of steam drying. Two criteria were defined to evaluate the process unit energy consumption. The results indicated that the ethanol removal rate is improved with an increase of steam flow rate and the unit energy consumption is higher. But with an increase of inlet steam temperature, the constant distillation rate keeps invariant, and the unit energy consumption is lower.

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