Microwave Soil Treatment Increases Soil Nitrogen Supply for Sustained Wheat Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Graham Ian Brodie ◽  
Dorin Gupta ◽  
Jizheng He
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Soil Heating ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dry Biomass

Abstract. Herbicide-resistant weeds have prompted the development and adoption of new non-chemical weed management technologies for sustainable food production. Considering this, pre-sowing microwave (MW) soil treatment has potential to reduce weed pressure in no-till farming systems. However, the effects of this transient heat disturbance on the soil nutrient profile and on the uptake and accumulation of nutrients in plant biomass warrant further study. In this study, we examined the effect of MW soil treatment on the recovery and accumulation of nitrogen (N) in wheat dry biomass using a 15N pool dilution technique over two years. Further, temporal changes in wheat yields were assessed by running sequential residual trials. The pre-sowing MW treatment achieved a temperature of 75°C to 85°C. MW soil heating increased the dry biomass and grain yields of the wheat crop over two years of study regardless of the initial N application. Furthermore, MW soil treatment did not significantly increase the N derived from fertilizer (Ndff, %). The maximum Ndff achieved for the untreated control soils at the higher N dose was 13%, while it was only 8% for the MW-treated soil. Despite this, the total N accumulation in the dry biomass increased by 17% because of MW soil heating, compared to the untreated control soils, revealing the uptake of N from indigenous sources. Consequently, the grain yield supported by indigenous soil N was significantly higher with MW soil treatment at 160, 440, and 740 days after heating. In summary, MW soil treatment appeared to be effective for sustaining the soil fertility over the long term, regardless of initial labeled N application. Keywords: Long-lasting effect, Microwave energy, Nitrogen accumulation, Soil temperature, Wheat yields.

scholarly journals Impact of Microwave Soil Heating on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Rice Crop

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Ravneet Jhajj
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Soil Heating ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Microwave (MW) soil heating has been shown to deplete the soil weed seedbank and increase crop productivity. However, the impact of MW soil heating on the nutritive value of crops is unknown. In this study, two field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing MW soil treatment with a duration of 60 s and an untreated control, which were assigned in a randomized complete block design with five replicates at two locations, on the yield and nitrogen (N) accumulation pattern of rice crops. At Jerilderie site, soil heating at up to 70–75 °C significantly (p ˂ 0.09) increased the rice biomass yield by 43.03% compared with rice biomass yield in untreated soils, while at Dookie site no significant increase in biomass yield was detected. Dry matter digestibility (DMD), ash, and N% did not change, whereas the N accumulation in dry biomass was significantly (p ˂ 0.09) higher at both sites (8.2% at Dookie and 43.4% at Jerilderie) and N use efficiency (10–40%) increased in response to MW soil treatment. The current study suggests that MW soil treatment can potentially enhance the crop productivity and N accumulation in dry biomass under field conditions. Future research is needed to understand the impact of MW soil heating on the productivity and nutritive value of different fodder crops under field conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 1. Brussels sprouts

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
H. Biemond ◽  
J. Vos ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Final Harvest

Three greenhouse trials and one field trial were carried out on Brussels sprout cv. Icarus SG2004 in which the treatments consisted of different N amounts and application dates. DM and N accumulation in stems, apical buds and groups of leaf blades, petioles and sprouts were measured frequently throughout crop growth. Total amounts of accumulated DM and N were affected by amount of N applied and date of application, but the final harvest indexes for DM and N (0.10-0.35 and 0.20-0.55, respectively) were not significantly affected by treatments in most experiments. Nitrate N concentrations were only high (up to about 2%) shortly after planting. The total N concentration of leaf blades and petioles increased with increasing leaf number. This increase resulted from a decreasing N concentration during the leaf's life. The total N concentration in sprouts changed little with leaf number.

Effects of Azospirillum inoculation on root infection and nitrogen incorporation in wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. D. Baldani ◽  
José Ivo Baldani ◽  
Johanna Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Chloramine T ◽  
Heading Stage

In two field experiments, wheat was inoculated with various strains of Azospirillum spp. The two A. brasilense nir− strains isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots increased the number of Azospirillum in surface-sterilized roots, plant dry matter, and percent N. The total N accumulated in plant tops at heading stage was increased by 30% in the first experiment (strain Sp 107 st) and by 51 and 89% (strains Sp 107 st and Sp 245, respectively) in the second experiment. The Azospirillum numbers (MPN) in chloramine-t treated roots were correlated with total nitrogen accumulation in plant tops (r = 0.92**). Numbers of Azospirillum in nonsterilized roots did not correlate with total plant N accumulation.

Herbage yield and nitrogen accumulation by seven legume crops on acid and neutral soils in a subarctic environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Sparrow ◽  
Verlan L. Cochran ◽  
Elena B. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Neutral Soil

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), yellow sweet-clover (Medicago officinalis L.), fababean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were evaluated as annual crops in central Alaska on neutral and acid soils for their potential herbage productivity and N accumulation. Herbage dry matter yields were high on the neutral soil, with an overall average yield of 6927 kg ha−1. Yields were much lower at the cooler, acid soil site with an overall average yield of 3743 kg ha−1 for inoculated legumes. Herbage N concentrations ranged from 14 to 36 mg g−1. Amounts of N-fixation, as estimated by the total N difference method, ranged from < 50 kgha−1 for some legumes on the acid soil to > 200 kg ha−1 for fababean on the neutral soil. Inoculation resulted in increases in nodulation, growth and apparent N-fixation on the acid soil where legumes had not previously been grown, but were usually not significant on the neutral soil where legumes had been grown for many years. Liming the acid soil resulted in significant increases in soil pH and in nodulation, herbage yield, and herbage N yield. Key words: Forage legume crops, Alaska, liming, N-fixation

scholarly journals NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND EXPORT BY COMMON BEAN AS A FUNCTION OF STRAW AND N SPLITTING IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
FÁBIO LUIZ CHECCHIO MINGOTTE ◽  
FÁBIO TIRABOSCHI LEAL ◽  
MARCELA MIDORI YADA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ORLANDO FERREIRA MORELLO ◽  
TATIANA PAGAN LOEIRO DA CUNHA-CHIAMOLERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Splitting Schemes ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Determining nitrogen (N) accumulation and export by common bean as a function of straw and of the splitting of this nutrient is very important, aiming at the management and sustainability of agricultural systems. This study aimed to determine the N accumulation and export by common bean as a function of Zea mays and Urochloa ruziziensis grass straw (maize, maize/U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis) and splitting of top-dressing N fertilization. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal-SP-Brazil, during the 2012/13 crop season, in a Red Eutrophic Oxisol (Eutrudox) in no-tillage under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with four replicates, totaling 120 subplots sized in 25m2 each. The plots consisted of the cropping systems prior to common bean: maize, maize/ U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis. The subplots were composed of ten top-dressing N fertilization splitting schemes (NS) at the phenological stages V3, V4 and R5 in different combinations. Common bean grain yield differs among cropping systems and as a function of top-dressed N split application. U. ruziziensis grass as single crop promotes greater N accumulation in common bean shoots compared to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass. Regardless the cropping system, top-dressing N application in a single dose (90 kg ha-1) at V4 leads to similar accumulations and exports to those found in the absence of N fertilization. Splitting schemes with N application at the R5 stage increase the exports of this nutrient by common bean in succession to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilizer-N application and seed coating with rhizobial inoculants on soybean yield in eastern Paraguay

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1627-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Kubota ◽  
Kent Hoshiba ◽  
Jorge Bordon
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Budget ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Biological N2 Fixation ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculants

Nitrogen removal in soybean grains at harvest may exceed biological N2 fixation, particularly if grain yields are as high as typically achieved on "Terra Rossa" soils of Eastern Paraguay. Applying N fertilizer or coating seeds with rhizobial inoculants that enhance nodulation may represent a way of balancing the N budget. However, the effects of such treatments appear to be highly site-specific. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of N application (N) and rhizobial inoculation (I) on nodulation, N accumulation and soybean yields in Eastern Paraguay. Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive soybean seasons. Dry conditions in the first year delayed sowing and reduced plant number m-2 and pod number plant-1. Grain yields were generally below 2 t ha-1 but the +N+I treatment increased yields by about 75%. In the second year favorable conditions resulted in yields of around 4 t ha-1 and the treatments had no effect. Nitrogen accumulation was higher in the first year and could therefore not explain the observed yield differences between years and treatment combinations. The positive effect of the +N+I treatment in year one was associated with a more rapid root growth which could have reduced susceptibility to intermittent drought stress. Nodule biomass decreased between flowering and pod setting stages in the +I treatment whereas further increases in nodule biomass in the -I treatment may have led to competition for assimilates between nodules and developing pods. Based on these preliminary results we conclude that N application and seed inoculation can offer short-term benefits in unfavorable years without negative effects on yield in favorable years.

scholarly journals Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Przulj ◽  
V. Momčilović
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growing Conditions

During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995&ndash;1998) atNovi Sad (45&deg;20'N, 15&deg;51'E,86 m a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before anthesis ranged from less than 50% in unfavorable to 90% in favorable growing conditions. Dry matter translocation occurred in favorable growing conditions only. Pre-anthesis accumulated N represented 57&ndash;92% and 54&ndash;129% of total N at maturity at the low and high N levels, respectively. Translocated N represented 41&ndash;85% and 37&ndash;153% of grain N at the low and high N level, respectively. N losses occurred in favorable growing conditions when anthesis N exceeded 150 kg/ha. N accumulation during grain filling was in negative correlation with dry matter and N accumulation before anthesis. The N harvest index was 0.57&ndash;0.63 and 0.71&ndash;0.74 in unfavorable and favorable growing conditions, respectively. Selection of genotypes with a higher ability of pre-anthesis reserve utilization or genotypes with longer leaf area duration after anthesis may be two possible solutions in spring barley breeding for Mediterranean growing conditions.

Nitrogen Accumulation, Retranslocation and Partitioning in Oats (Avena L.) as Affected by Different Water Supply and Nitrogen Fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2963-2967
Author(s):  
Bao Ping Zhao ◽  
Peng Ren ◽  
Jing Hui Liu ◽  
Meng Li Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Avena Nuda

In order to investigate the effect of water and nitrogen (N) supply on oat N accumulation, translocation and partitioning, we used two contrasting oat varieties, the naked Baiyan 2 (Avena nuda L.) and the hulled Baiyan 7 (Avena sativa L.) as experimental material, six treatment combinations, including 2 water supply regimes, no irrigation and 3 times irrigation and 3 levels of N application was 30, 90 and 150 kg N hm-2 were set in the experiment. The result showed that: At each growth stage, the N accumulation of Baiyan 2 was significantly higher than that of Baiyan 7 (p N3 >N1.The N petitioning to grain of irrigation treatment was higher than that of no irrigation. Suitable N (N2, 90kg N hm-2) can increase grain N and also NHI increased. From the result, we can conclude that Baiyan 2 is a higher N efficiency cultivar. Irrigation increased the whole plant N accumulation and partitioning to grain.

scholarly journals Fertilization of Two Container-grown Woody Ornamentals Based on Their Specific Nitrogen Accumulation Patterns

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Sandrock ◽  
Anita N. Azarenko ◽  
Timothy L. Righetti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Sliding Scale

Nitrogen accumulation patterns were established for Weigela florida (Bunge.) A. DC. `Red Prince' (fast growth rate) and Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. `Compactus' (slow growth rate). From these, daily and biweekly N delivery schedules were designed to match N supply with N accumulation patterns of each taxon. Delivery schedules were sliding scales in that total N applied was controlled by independent increases (or decreases) of N concentration and solution volume. Daily and biweekly N delivery schedules were tested against a constant N rate (200 mg·L-1) and Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K (The Scotts Co., Marysville, Ohio). Plants were grown in 3.8-L containers in 7 douglas fir bark: 2 sphagnum peatmoss: 1 silica sand (0.65 mm; by volume) outdoors in full sun on a gravel pad for 142 d. Within each taxon, Weigela and Euonymus grown with sliding-scale N fertilization schedules had similar total dry weights, leaf areas, and total plant N contents to plants grown with a constant N rate (200 mg·L-1) or Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K. Sliding-scale liquid fertilization based on plant N requirements introduced less total N to the production cycle and resulted in higher N uptake efficiency than fertilization with a constant N rate of 200 mg·L-1. In general, liquid N fertilizer treatments resulted in plants with higher shoot to root ratios than plants treated with Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K. Weigela and Euonymus treated with biweekly schedules were similar to plants treated with daily schedules (same total amount of N delivered with each treatment).

Study on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Flue-Cured Tobacco with 15N Tracing Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Mao Hou ◽  
Xiao Hou Shao ◽  
Li Hua Chen ◽  
Ting Ting Chang ◽  
Wei Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

Abstract. Raising nitrogen utilization efficiency could not only cut the fertilizer costs, but also reduce the N loss and residual, which benefits a lot to agricultural production and environmental protection. In this experiment, the 15N tracing technique was employed in order to clear the accumulation and whereabouts of fertilizer N in flue-cured tobacco plants, besides, the tobaccos were treated by six different water-nitrogen modes, for the sake of finding out the best design with the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that more N application contributed to more fertilizer N accumulation, also increased the content of total N; Excess irrigation restrained the tobacco plants' absorption of fertilizer N, ultimately leading to the low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; After apex pruning, the N offering ability of the soil was much stronger than that of nitrogen fertilizer, and the fertilizer N accounts a relatively small part for the total N in tobacco plants, the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency was 24.16%, recorded in the design of 800mm irrigation amount and 6g/plant pure N application(T2), Meanwhile, the agronomic characters and crop yield was observed, tobaccos in T2 design performed better than the average level of field-cultivated tobaccos, the conclusions could be obtained that T2 design was preferable, which achieved the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency when ensured the normal growth and good harvest of flue-cured tobacco.

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