Design and Testing of a Boom Sprayer Prototype to Release Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Sweet Corn for Biocontrol of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1867-1879
Author(s):  
Ariane Dionne ◽  
Mohamed Khelifi ◽  
Silvia Todorova ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Parasitism Rates

Abstract. Sweet corn requires many insecticide applications to control its main pest: the European corn borer () (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The use of is an effective biological alternative to control the European corn borer in sweet corn. However, manual introduction at large scale of using Trichocards is time-consuming. Mechanized introduction of using a boom sprayer is an innovative and advantageous solution. The objective of this study was to design and test a boom sprayer to spray (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in sweet corn canopy under real field conditions. parasitized eggs were sprayed at a rate of 800,000 individuals ha-1 using a boom sprayer designed at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of Université Laval, Québec, Canada. parasitized eggs were also introduced at a rate of 500,000 individuals ha-1 using Trichocards. Overall, eight releases were made during the 2016 season. Field trial results showed a 17.22% emergence rate reduction of in the sprayed plots compared to Trichocards. Total fecundity and longevity of sprayed females were not negatively affected by spraying; indicating that spraying did not have any negative impact on their quality. The parasitism rates observed on natural egg masses of and on sentinel egg masses of were comparable for both methods. At harvest, sprayed and Trichocards treatments resulted in adequate control of the European corn borer. Obtained results also showed that spraying was 1.7 times faster than the manual introduction of Trichocards. Overall, the results indicate that spraying is a promising technique for an efficient and viable introduction of parasitized eggs. However, more research is recommended to further optimize the spraying parameters. The spraying system successfully used in sweet corn could also be used in corn production and adapted to other crops such as pepper, beans, and potatoes to control the European corn borer. Keywords: Biological control, European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, Trichogramma, Trichogramma ostriniae, Sweet corn, Corn production, Spraying, Boom sprayer, Beneficial insects, Trichocards.

DOSE–MORTALITY RESPONSE OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) THIRD-INSTAR LARVAE TO SELECTED INSECTICIDES

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Economic Pest ◽  
Insecticide Control

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, continues to be a consistent economic pest of field and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in the upper midwestem United States. In Minnesota alone, O. nubilalis control costs and losses to sweet corn (ca. 50 630 ha) exceed $5,000,000 annually (Noetzel et al. 1985). Despite recent efforts to implement alternatives (Lewis and Bing 1991; Prokrym et al. 1992; Bartels and Hutchison 1993; Bolin et al. 1993), insecticide control continues to play a central role in O. nubilalis management programs.

PHENOLOGY AND INFESTATION LEVEL OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
B. Galka ◽  
B. Timlick
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Egg Masses

AbstractStudies were conducted from 1985 to 1988 in commercial corn fields distributed throughout the main corn growing areas of Manitoba to determine the distribution, phenology, and the level of infestation of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Pheromone and blacklight traps were used to monitor the flight activity of European corn borer throughout the flight period. The level of European corn borer infestation was determined by sampling for egg masses, hatched egg masses, plants with egg masses, plants with shot holes, larvae, and stalk breakage. Results indicated that the European corn borer infestation occurred throughout the corn growing areas of Manitoba and that the population has declined from 1985 through 1988. Significant positive correlations existed among the number of egg masses, plants with egg masses, plants with shot holes, larvae per plant, and plants with broken stalks. Peak capture of moths in pheromone traps occurred well after peak oviposition, and 10–14 days after the peak blacklight trap capture. Blacklight trap catch, but not the pheromone trap catch, was positively correlated with egg mass density. Both blacklight and pheromone traps were equally efficient in determining the onset and the duration of European corn borer flight, although for initiating surveys of egg masses and shot hole damage, pheromone traps are recommended. In Manitoba, corn growers apply pesticides well before the recommended damage threshold is reached.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Evaluation of Capsicum Accessions for Resistance to European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Frantz ◽  
Jeffrey Gardner ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Molly M. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Damage

A replicated greenhouse evaluation of a range of commercial and noncommercial (Capsicum spp.) accessions for resistance to european corn borer (ECB) [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)] was conducted. Percentage of fruit damaged was observed among 29 accessions four weeks after plants were artificially infested with ECB egg masses. Small-fruited peppers generally showed lower levels of damage, while large-fruited peppers were the most susceptible. Genotypes with elongate fruit were less damaged than those with bell-shaped fruit. Resistance to fruit damage was also associated with increasing pungency level, with two notable exceptions. The pungent genotype `Large Red Thick Cayenne' was significantly more susceptible than many of the other pungent accessions tested. The relative susceptibility of this accession may be related to large fruit size. The nonpungent pepper `Corno di Toro' showed significantly lower percent fruit damage than other nonpungent peppers including `Banana Supreme' with roughly similar fruit size, ranking amidst highly pungent peppers such as `Red Scotch Bonnet'. These results confirm that resistance to ECB can be identified in nonpungent Capsicum genotypes and demonstrate that pungency is not always correlated with ECB damage. Reported sources of aphid resistance or tolerance showed good levels of ECB resistance, but interpretation of these results was confounded by the presence of pungency.

Distribution of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Egg Masses and Larvae on Sweet Corn in New York

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shelton ◽  
J. P. Nyrop ◽  
A. Seaman ◽  
R. E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals A study on percentages of damage ratios of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on sweet corn cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nihat Demirel ◽  
Ömer Konuşkan
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Second Year

The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important pest of grain corn and sweet corn in Turkey. The objective of this study was to assess percentage damage ratios of the ECB on stalk and corncobs of various sweet corn varieties in Reyhanlı district of Hatay province of Turkey.  The studies were carried out in 2015-2016 with four different sweet corn varieties including Caremelo, Vega, Merit and Batem. After two years of the study, the ECB larvae caused significant damages on stalk and corncobs of all sweet corn varieties.  The percentage damage of stalk and corncobs varied for each of the sweet corn varieties in both years.  In the first year, the highest percentages of stalk damage ratios were recorded on Batem (32.45), followed by Vega (19.85), Merit (17.07) and Caremelo (16.72).  In the second year,  the highest percentages of stalk damage ratios were observed on Merit (59.34),  followed by Caremelo (51.65),  Batem (45.09) and Vega (35.49).  In the first year, the largest percentages of corncobs damage ratios were recorded on Vega (25.73), followed by Batem (16.74), Caremelo (12.11), and Merit (9.30). In the second year,  the highest percentages of corncobs damage ratios were observed on Caremelo (14.31), followed by Merit (13.72), Batem (9.98) and Vega (8.93).  In conclusion, the largest percentages of stalk + corncobs damages ratios were observed on Batem (49.19), followed by Vega (45.58), Caremelo (28.83) and Merit (26.37) in 2015, while the highest percentages of stalk + corncobs damages ratios were recorded on Merit (73.06), followed by Caremelo (65.96), Batem (55.07) and Vega (44.42) in 2016.

scholarly journals Predicting Risk of European Corn Borer Infestation in Sweet Corn Based on Harvest Date

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve M. Spangler ◽  
Dennis D. Calvin ◽  
Joe Russo ◽  
Jay Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Harvest Dates

Infestation of sweet corn (Zea mays) at harvest by european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) was examined in 16 hybrid/harvest date combinations from 1994 through 1996 in central Pennsylvania. Two general periods of sweet corn ear infestation levels were observed. Infestations, expressed as proportion of ears infested, were 0.11 (11%) or lower in 10 of 11 plots harvested from 21 July to 23 Aug., whereas they were noticeably higher (30%–88%) in September and early October. Infestations expressed as larvae per ear showed the same temporal pattern. A nonlinear (sigmoidal) relationship was found between degree-days from 1 Jan. and proportion of ears infested. The higher infestations were caused by the second-generation larvae of the bivoltine ecotype. Based on these relationships, a risk-prediction system is proposed that anticipates, at planting, harvest infestation by using predicted harvest dates of sweet corn, european corn borer life stages, and infestation levels. Examples are presented for multiple plantings and hybrids for a specific site and a landscape (Pennsylvania). The risk prediction system we propose will allow growers to anticipate the risk of ear infestations at planting time, thus providing predictions that would help with management decisions.

scholarly journals Resistance to European Corn Borer in Processing Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gardner ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Margaret E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Scale Resistance

Trials were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to determine if there is a range of resistance to European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)] (ECB) in commercially available processing sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Twelve processing corn cultivars were tested in 1997 and 18 cultivars in 1998. About 40 first instar larvae of colony-reared ECB were used to infest plants in both whorl and silking stages of growth. At harvest, plants infested at the whorl stage were evaluated for numbers of larvae and larval tunnels, and length of larval tunnels. Plants infested at the silking stage were evaluated for number of larvae per ear and were rated for ear damage using a 9-point scale. Resistance rankings among cultivars were consistent between years and between silk- and whorl-infested plants. We conclude that there is a substantial range of resistance already present in processing sweet corn cultivars, and that resistance is probably a combination of both exclusion and suppression of feeding. Our findings have two immediate uses: incorporation into existing IPM programs and incorporation of identifiable resistance bearing cultivars into a long-term breeding program for resistance to ECB in sweet corn.

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