Characterization of Biological Pesticide Deliveries through Hydraulic Nozzles

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-908
Author(s):  
Liping Xiao ◽  
Heping Zhu ◽  
Matthew Wallhead ◽  
Leona Horst ◽  
Peter Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Nozzle Type ◽  
Pattern Width

Abstract. Increased use of biopesticides has spurred demand for efficient and effective delivery systems. To this goal, laboratory tests were conducted to investigate six different classes of biopesticides discharged from five different types of flat-fan nozzles, each with three flow capacities. The biopesticide classes were horticultural oil insecticide (HOI), bacterial biofungicide (BBF), botanical extract bio-insecticide (BEBI), liquid fungal bio-insecticide (FBI-ES), wettable powder fungal bio-insecticide (FBI-WP), and mineral salt biofungicide (MSBF). Droplet size distribution, spray pattern width, spray deposition, and coverage on plant leaves and water-sensitive paper (WSP) were the spray parameters tested. These parameters varied greatly with biopesticide class, nozzle type, and nozzle flow capacity. The DV0.5 of the biopesticides ranged from 75 to 519 µm for 0.76 L min-1 nozzles, from 86 to 509 µm for 1.51 L min-1 nozzles, and from 99 to 622 µm for 2.25 L min-1 nozzles. The use of different biopesticides with the same nozzle significantly altered the spray pattern width. Compared to a water-only solution, the largest change of spray pattern width was 14.7% for the air-induction nozzle (AI11004) discharging FBI-ES. The amount of spray deposited on plant leaves for all tested biopesticides (except HOI) did not vary significantly with different nozzle types. However, the air-induction nozzles produced the most uneven spray deposition patterns. Therefore, to achieve optimal spray application efficiency and effectiveness for discharging specific classes of biopesticide, the choice of the proper nozzle type and flow capacity is critical. Keywords: Biopesticide, Crop protection, Deposition, Droplet size, Spray coverage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of electrostatic sprayers and foggers for the application of disinfectants in the era of SARS-CoV-2

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257434
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Wood ◽  
Matthew Magnuson ◽  
Abderrahmane Touati ◽  
Jerome Gilberry ◽  
Jonathan Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Median Diameter

Although research has shown that the COVID-19 disease is most likely caused by airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, disinfection of potentially contaminated surfaces is also recommended to limit the spread of the disease. Use of electrostatic sprayers (ESS) and foggers to rapidly apply disinfectants over large areas or to complex surfaces has emerged with the COVID-19 pandemic. ESSs are designed to impart an electrostatic charge to the spray droplets with the goal of increasing deposition of the droplets onto surfaces, thereby promoting more efficient use of the disinfectant. The purpose of this research was to evaluate several spray parameters for different types of sprayers and foggers, as they relate to the application of disinfectants. Some of the parameters evaluated included the spray droplet size distribution, the electrostatic charge, the ability of the spray to wrap around objects, and the loss of disinfectant chemical active ingredient due to the spray process. The results show that most of the devices evaluated for droplet size distribution had an average volume median diameter ≥ 40 microns, and that four out of the six ESS tested for charge/mass produced sprays of at least 0.1 mC/kg. A minimal wrap-around effect of the spray deposition onto a cylindrical object was observed. The loss of disinfectant active ingredient to the air due to spraying was minimal for the two disinfectants tested, and concurrently, the active ingredient concentrations of the liquid disinfectants sprayed and collected 3 feet (1 meter) away from the spray nozzle do not decrease.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Spray Breakup in Turbulent Atomization Using a Spiral Nozzle

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Krištof ◽  
Pavel Bulejko ◽  
Tomáš Svěrák
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Archimedean Spiral ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Pressure Impact

Spiral nozzles are widely used in wet scrubbers to form an appropriate spray pattern to capture the polluting gas/particulate matterwith the highest possible efficiency. Despite this fact, and a fact that it is a nozzle with a very atypical spray pattern (a full cone consisting of three concentric hollow cones), very limited amount of studies have been done so far on characterization of this type of nozzle. This work reports preliminary results on the spray characteristics of a spiral nozzle used for gas absorption processes. First, we experimentally measured the pressure impact footprint of the spray generated. Then effective spray angles were evaluated from the photographs of the spray and using the pressure impact footprint records via Archimedean spiral equation. Using the classical photography, areas of primary and secondary atomization were determined together with the droplet size distribution, which were further approximated using selected distribution functions. Radial and tangential spray velocity of droplets were assessed using the laser Doppler anemometry. The results show atypical behavior compared to different types of nozzles. In the investigated measurement range, the droplet-size distribution showed higher droplet diameters (about 1 mm) compared to, for example, air assisted atomizers. It was similar for the radial velocity, which was conversely lower (max velocity of about 8 m/s) compared to, for example, effervescent atomizers, which can produce droplets with a velocity of tens to hundreds m/s. On the contrary, spray angle ranged from 58° and 111° for the inner small and large cone, respectively, to 152° for the upper cone, and in the measured range was independent of the inlet pressure of liquid at the nozzle orifice.

scholarly journals Effect of Nozzle Angle, Size and Pressure on Spray Distribution based on Laboratory Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2522-2525
Keyword(s):  
Peak Height ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Angle Size ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Pattern Width

The objective of this study is to investigate spray parameters for different 40°– 95° even flat fan nozzle angles for banding spraying application, such as spray pattern width and spray volumetric distribution at pressures of 2 and 3bar using different nozzle sizes (0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 gpm). Spray distribution data was extracted from spray analyzer system or patternator. The results showed that nozzle angle and pressure significantly affected the spray pattern width. In addition, as the nozzle size increased, the liquid volume and the peak height under the nozzle center increased. These results suggest that the use of bigger nozzle angles improved the spray volumetric distribution.

A Statistical Model for the Joint Distribution of Droplet Size and Charge Density in an Electrostatic Spray

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1438-1444
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Michael W. Reeks
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electrostatic Spray

A theoretical model to predict the joint distribution of droplet size and charge density for an electrostatic spray is described based on the maximum entropy method. From known values of the electrostatic spray parameters, the model is used to evaluate the joint distribution of droplet size and charge density for a cone-jet mode electrostatic spray. The predicted results of present model show that it has generally a relatively narrow distribution for both droplet and charge density in a cone-jet mode. Comparatively, the droplet size distribution is narrower than that of the charge density. In addition the two distributions are significantly different in shape. The droplet size distribution is nearly symmetric about its peak position, whilst the left side of the charge density distribution curve is noticeably steeper than the right side. The results are also compared with existing experimental data with agreement considering the uncertainties in the data.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NOZZLE TYPE, WORKING PRESSURE, AND THEIR INTERACTION ON DROPLETS QUALITY USING KNAPSACK SPRAYER

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. R. Alheidary
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Height ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Nozzle Type

The present experiment was carried out at the Dept. of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah.  The aim of the study is to highlight the effect of the nozzle type, working pressure and their interaction onto droplet quality using knapsack sprayer to improve their performance. Droplet characteristics were sampled on white paper cards at different distances from the nozzle. On the samples spray deposits, spray coverage, droplet size, and volume median diameter was measured using BSF tracer with water after their deposit on the sample. The main studied parameters were: Six nozzle types hollow cone, Flat fan ceramic, flat fan ISO, CFA, AirMix and flat fan air induction nozzle. Two working pressures were 15 and 25 psi. All measurements carried out at the same nozzle height of 50cm by using CRD with three replications. The main results of this study showed the best spray deposition and spray coverage with the highest values 0.06nµl.cm-2 and 63% respectively when hollow cone nozzle was compared to other nozzles under the same operating conditions.  Whereas, the Flat fan air induction nozzle appeared the most significant droplet size and VMD 377.69 µm and 378 µm respectively when it was compared to the hollow cone and flat fan nozzles.

MODELING DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION NEAR A NOZZLE OUTLET IN AN ICING WIND TUNNEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo E. Kollar ◽  
Masoud Farzaneh ◽  
Anatolij R. Karev
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Nozzle Outlet
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