Iron Oxide to Mitigate Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Release from Gypsum-Bedded Dairy Manure Storages

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Michael L. Hile ◽  
Eileen E. Fabian ◽  
Zhanxiong Xu ◽  
Mary Ann Bruns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

Abstract. To mitigate noxious hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas release that has been observed from gypsum-laden dairy manure, three additives were studied in sequential investigations. Three trials with specific aims were conducted using experimental vessels containing 15 kg of dairy manure each. Trial 1 investigated two additives: iron oxide (specifically, iron oxide-hydroxide, FeOOH) and a proprietary gypsum-lime based product (DriMatt). Trial 2 investigated effective ratios of gypsum to iron oxide and a modified DriMatt additive, and trial 3 evaluated iron oxide at the most effective ratio. Manure agitation events were monitored in the first two trials, while gas releases were continuously monitored in trial 3 during and between agitations. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were captured using electrochemical sensors or a Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer assembly over an incubation period of two months for the first two trials and over 40 days for the third trial. Additionally, nutrient analyses were performed for each trial. Extremely high concentrations of H2S were observed during most manure agitation events (500 to 8000 ppm), while minimum releases (<10 ppm) were found when samples were static. Means of maximum concentrations of H2S were compared among treatments in each trial. Statistical tests showed that adding iron oxide to gypsum-laden manure reduced H2S production by an average of 94% compared to treatments without iron oxide. With a 1:1 molar ratio of iron oxide to gypsum, the level of H2S released was diminished to as low as the control manure (without gypsum). Therefore, iron oxide is a promising additive to mitigate H2S production in gypsum-laden dairy manure during agitation events. Keywords: Additive, Dairy, Gas, Gypsum bedding, Hydrogen sulfide, Iron oxide, Manure, Safety, Storage.

Apoprotein C effect on triglyceride transport in tandem-perfused rat hind end and liver

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. G305-G310
Author(s):  
W. J. Kortz ◽  
J. R. Nashold ◽  
M. R. Greenfield ◽  
H. Hilderman ◽  
S. H. Quarfordt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
High Concentrations

The metabolism of double-labeled triglyceride in a synthetic emulsion was defined in an in vitro perfusion system of rat hind end and liver described previously [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 8): G106-G112, 1983]. The metabolism of [3H]glycerol-[14C]triolein was defined in the absence of added apoproteins and with additions of human CII and both CII and CIII. Without apoprotein, a pronounced lipolysis of the triglyceride was recognized by high concentrations of radiolabeled glycerol and free fatty acid in the perfusate. The removal of an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent 5 min after adding the labeled triglyceride emulsion to the arterial inflow demonstrated a brisk lipolysis of the substrate when incubated outside the perfusion system. The addition of CII protein to the emulsion before its introduction into the tandem system eliminated perfusate lipolysis, both within the perfusion system and in incubations of aliquots withdrawn from the system. Intravascular lipolysis was not seen with triglyceride emulsions containing both CII and CIH or when an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent was incubated with triglycerides that had not been exposed to the perfusion system. The intravascular lipolysis observed for the [14C]triglyceride added to the tandem system without apoproteins was associated with relatively greater recoveries of 14C-fatty acyl in liver, fat, and muscle and relatively greater recoveries of 14CO2 than when CII alone or both CII and CIII were added with the triglyceride. The addition of CIII to CII in a 1:1 molar ratio increased the recovery of 14C-fatty acyl in muscle and the recovery as 14CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽  
Fitranto Kusumo ◽  
Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman ◽  
Abd Halim Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
American Society ◽  
Better Than

In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achieved with an ethanol–oil molar ratio of 9.25:1 under microwave irradiation with a power of 163.69 W for 12.66 min. This predicted value was obtained from the ANN model that has been optimized with ACO. Besides that, the sensitivity analysis indicated that microwave power offers a dominant impact on the results, followed by the reaction time and lastly ethanol–oil molar ratio. The properties of the bio-jet fuel obtained in this work was also measured and compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standard.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Superionic iron oxide–hydroxide in Earth’s deep mantle

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqiang Hou ◽  
Yu He ◽  
Bo Gyu Jang ◽  
Shichuan Sun ◽  
Yukai Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide ◽  
Deep Mantle

Structural characteristics of tetanolysin and its binding to lipid vesicles

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-892
Author(s):  
S Rottem ◽  
R M Cole ◽  
W H Habig ◽  
M F Barile ◽  
M C Hardegree
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
High Concentrations

Tetanolysin binding to lipid vesicles was found to depend on the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid, being low in vesicles containing up to 20 mol% cholesterol and high in vesicles containing more than 33 mol%. High concentrations of purified tetanolysin preparations formed arc- and ring-shaped structures. The structures were not readily detectable in diluted preparations unless incubated with lipid vesicles containing high molar ratios of cholesterol to phospholipid. It is suggested that the toxin is concentrated on the vesicles to local concentrations high enough to form the arcs and rings.

scholarly journals Low-crystalline iron oxide hydroxide nanoparticle anode for high-performance supercapacitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Asare Owusu ◽  
Longbing Qu ◽  
Jiantao Li ◽  
Zhaoyang Wang ◽  
Kangning Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide ◽  
Low Crystalline

scholarly journals Creation of Nanomagnetite Aggregated Iron Oxide Hydroxide for Magnetically Removal of Fluoride and Phosphate from Wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Eskandarpour ◽  
Kensuke Sassa ◽  
Yoshiyuki Bando ◽  
Hiroshi Ikuta ◽  
Kazuhiko Iwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide

scholarly journals COMPORTAMIENTO DE TORRE DE LAVADO A NIVEL DE ESCALA PARA LA REMOCIÓN DE H2S DE UN REACTOR ANAEROBICO DE FLUJO ASCENDENTE

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
José A. Acaro R ◽  
Jeannie L. Quispe E. ◽  
Mali I. Salas D.
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Wet Scrubber ◽  
High Concentrations

Nuestro equipo en esta oportunidad hizo una simulación de una torre de lavado, la cual la aplicamos en el reactor UASB, a manera de escala construimos una torre de lavado compuesta por difusores, una cama de sólidos hecha de material de esponja, un tubo de acrílico y todas las conexiones que conducen el biogás con H2S. Los componentes a eliminar y/o remover fueron los gases que salen del reactor, en especial del H2S (gas odorífero y toxico que a grandes concentraciones pude llevar a la muerte y como resultado de sus reacciones con el ambiente puede causar daños en las estructuras con la cual este en contacto) mediante la oxidación con el oxígeno disuelto que proveen las microalgas presentes en el agua de la laguna terciara utilizada. Esta torre de lavado la montamos en las instalaciones de CITRAR‐UNI con el permiso del operador y vimos el comportamiento que tiene esta torre, mediante los monitoreos de oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, pH y sulfatos que realizamos durante tres semanas de monitoreo. Como resultados obtuvimos que la torre de lavado sí oxidaba y removía la contracción de H2S, ya que cuando pasaba el tiempo se consumía el oxígeno disuelto, además de esto también en el monitoreo de sulfatos pudimos observar un aumento de este parámetro es decir la torre si estaba consumiendo en H2S, y por esta razón también disminuyo el olor fétido que produce este gas. Palabras clave.- Torre de lavado, reactor UASB, remoción de sulfuro de hidrógeno. ABSTRACT The present work reports the simulation of a wet scrubber coupled to an UASB reactor. The scrubber consisted of baffles, packed bed of sponge material, an acrylic tube and all the connections necessary to bring the H2S‐ladden biogas. The purpose of the equipment is to eliminate some of the gases coming out of the reactor, through their oxidation by the dissolved oxygen provided by the microalgae present in the water from the tertiary lagoon. Hydrogen sulfide is a foul‐ smelling and toxic gas which can cause death at high concentrations, and can also cause damage to the structures with which it comes into contact. The scrubber was installed on the site of CITRAR‐UNI and the behavior of the equipment was monitored during three weeks by following the temperature, pH and the concentrations of sulfates and dissolved oxygen. The results have shown that the scrubber was effectively an oxidizing environment which was removing H2S, since the dissolved oxygen was actually consumed gradually. It was also observed that the sulfate concentration was increasing, indicating a consumption of H2S, which was also confirmed by a reduction in the odor of the gas. Keywords.- scrubber, UASB reactor, hydrogen sulfide removal .

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