Gypsum Bedding Impact on Hydrogen Sulfide Release from Dairy Manure Storages

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Hile ◽  
Eileen E. Fabian-Wheeler ◽  
Dennis J. Murphy ◽  
Robert J. Meinen ◽  
Davis E. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Portable Monitoring ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Anaerobic Environment

Abstract. Elevated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels have been observed from open-air dairy manure storages that contain gypsum bedding. Gypsum (calcium sulfate), recycled from construction waste and manufacturing defects, provides a cost-effective bedding alternative for dairy cows. Gypsum bedding is reported to control moisture and bacteria in the stalls and can improve soil structure when land-applied. However, gypsum increases H2S production in the anaerobic environment of deep manure storages, which is released in dangerous concentrations when the manure is agitated. This study was undertaken to quantify and compare the H2S concentrations during agitation of manure storages for three dairy stall management categories: farms that use (1) traditional organic bedding, (2) gypsum bedding, and (3) gypsum bedding followed by a treatment added to the manure storage thought to reduce H2S emissions. Three farms used Vital Breakdown (manufactured by Homestead Nutrition, New Holland, Pa.), and one farm used OK-1000 (Pro Ag Solutions, Hawkins, Tex.). Nineteen agitation events at ten farms were monitored during spring and fall hauling seasons. Portable monitoring instruments recorded H2S concentrations around the perimeter of the manure storages prior to and during agitation. Results show that manure storage agitation at farms that use gypsum bedding produced H2S concentrations that were considered immediately dangerous to life and health (above 100 ppm). Increasing gypsum bedding use significantly increased cumulative H2S concentrations (p < 0.0001). Farms that used Vital Breakdown as an amendment significantly reduced cumulative H2S concentrations when compared to farms not using a manure treatment (p < 0.0001). Lower cumulative H2S concentrations at one farm were attributed to the OK-1000 manure treatment. Keywords: Cow, Dairy, Gas, Gypsum, Hydrogen sulfide, Manure, Safety.

WHEAT STRAW COVER FOR REDUCING AMMONIA AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY MANURE STORAGE

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Xue ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
R. E. Hermanson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Storage

ODOR AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE EMISSION FROM A DAIRY MANURE STORAGE

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Bicudo ◽  
Kevin A. Janni ◽  
Larry D. Jacobson and David R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Storage

Crop nutritional management affects soil structure and soil functions at different scales.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rickard ◽  
Marcos Paradelo Perez ◽  
Aurelie Bacq-Labreuil ◽  
Andy Neal ◽  
Xiaoxian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Inorganic Nutrient ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Porosity

<p>Soil organic matter is associated with important biological and physical functions. There are many theories to interpret this association, as yet there is not a fully developed understanding linking soil properties to nutritional management in arable systems.</p><p>We used X-ray computed tomography to analyse soil structure at the core and aggregate scale on the Broadbalk long term experiment (Hertfordshire, England). Here we present results of the treatments that have been under continuous wheat for 175 years. Corresponding to treatments that the only difference between the treatments is the nutrient management regime, with the exception of the baseline, or ‘wilderness’ treatment in which the plot was left unmanaged and has returned to mature woodland since 1882. The other nutrient treatments correspond to inorganic fertiliser addition with and without phosphorus, farmyard manure, and no added nutrient.</p><p>At core scale (40 µm resolution) we capture macro pore structures that are responsible for convective flow, while the aggregate scale images (1.5 µm resolution) include structures responsible for retention of water by capillary forces.  Therefore, a comparison of images taken at the two resolutions 1.5 µm and 40 µm provides information on how soil partitions between drainage and storage of water, and therefore on the air water balance under different environmental contexts.</p><p>The results are presented as a state-space plot of simulated permeability vs. porosity for each treatment. We find that nutrient management resulted in two distinct states at aggregate scale corresponding to water storage potential. Inorganic nutrient management resulted in structures of lower porosity and lower simulated permeability. There was no significant difference between each treatment, or between these treatments and the treatment with no nutrient addition. By comparison, the wilderness and manure treatments had higher porosity and higher permeability, with no significant difference between them.</p><p>At core scale, the results are slightly different. Again, the inorganic nutrient management treatments had lower porosity and simulated permeability, with no significant difference between them, and between them and the treatment with no nutrient addition. However, the manure treatment had a significantly lower porosity and permeability than the wilderness treatment. We conclude that long-term cultivation with organic nutrient management results in a similar capacity for water storage and transport to roots than a wilderness control, but that long-term management using a purely inorganic nutrient regime results in a smaller capacity for water storage and a lower transport rate to roots. Organic inputs, roots and plant detritus ploughed into the soil after harvest had no significant impact. Infiltration potential is highest in the wilderness control, lower for the manure treatment, and lowest for the inorganic nutrient management treatment. Again, inputs of organic nutrients from plants had no significant impact. We interpret these findings in terms of a previously hypothesised self-organising feedback loop between microbial activity and soil structure.</p>

scholarly journals Dairy Manure as a Potential Feedstock for Cost-Effective Cellulosic Bioethanol

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Shengfei Zhou ◽  
Troy Michael Runge
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dairy Manure

Recycling of manure nutrients: use of algal biomass from dairy manure treatment as a slow release fertilizer

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Mulbry ◽  
Elizabeth Kebede Westhead ◽  
Carolina Pizarro ◽  
Lawrence Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Manure Treatment

Odour emission rates from manure treatment/storage systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Edeogu ◽  
J. Feddes ◽  
R. Coleman ◽  
J. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Odour Concentration

The effects of agitation, liquid-only manure, depth and time on odour emission rates were investigated. Manure storage tanks were filled to incremental depths every two weeks. At each depth odour samples were collected twice. The second sample was collected seven days after the first. Odour concentration was measured with an olfactometer. Three different pig-manure treatments were investigated. In one treatment, slurry manure in a storage tank was agitated before and during odour sampling. In a second treatment, the settlable solids in manure were removed gravimetrically over 24 hours and liquid manure was pumped to a storage tank. In the third treatment (control), odour samples were collected from unseparated and undisturbed slurry manure. Overall, the odour emission rates in the agitated manure treatment ranged between 0.39 and 1.02 ou s−1 m−2, increased with depth and decreased with time, i.e. after seven days at each depth. In the liquid-only manure treatment, the emission rates ranged between 0.09 and 0.69 ou s−1 m−2, increased with depth but the effect of time was not evident. In the control treatment, the emission rates ranged between 0.20 and 0.66 ou s−1 m−2 and increased with depth on the first odour sampling day but decreased with depth on the second sampling day.

Effect of Dairy Manure Storage Conditions on the Survival of E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Biswas ◽  
M. Niu ◽  
P. Pandey ◽  
J. A. D. R. N. Appuhamy ◽  
A. B. Leytem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Manure Storage

Calculating Required Dairy Manure Storage Volume

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Moore ◽  
E. S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Storage Volume ◽  
Manure Storage
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