Experiments on the Mechanical Harvesting of Litchi and its Effects on Litchi Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizu Wang ◽  
Huazhong Lu ◽  
Changki Mo ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
Cameron Jay Hohimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract. This article presents a fruiting branch shaker designed for litchi ( Sonn.) harvesting and field testing results of the mechanical shaker with abscission chemical treatment. During the mature litchi season, mechanical harvesting experiments were conducted on Feizixiao litchi trees with and without applying the abscission chemical (Ethrel, 2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid). Fruit detachment force (FDF) and fruit weight (W) were measured to determine the effect of chemical treatment on the FDF/W ratio. Fruits harvested by different methods were transported to the laboratory in Guangzhou city and stored at 6°C. Testing results showed that more than 88% of litchi fruits untreated with the chemical were removed at a frequency of 26 or 32 Hz and that the harvesting rate was roughly 3.5 times greater than that of hand harvesting. Application of the abscission chemical increased the removal percentage and harvesting rate of litchi fruits by about 10% while showing a decreased damage rate. Storage tests also indicated no significantly different characteristics between untreated fruits harvested by the shaker and by hand. However, there were significant differences between treated fruits and untreated fruit in browning index and total soluble solids content. Keywords: Abscission chemical, Detachment force, Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), Mechanical harvest, Multi-finger branch shaking.

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Weed Competition on Apple Fruit Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin ATAY ◽  
Seckin GARGIN ◽  
Ahmet ESITKEN ◽  
N. Pinar GUZEL ◽  
A. Nilgun ATAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Orchard performance is influenced by weed competition. In this study, the effects of weed competition on nutrient contents, chemical and physical fruit quality properties were sought. The study was carried out in a high-density apple orchard (‘Golden Delicious’/M.9) over two consecutive growing seasons. The effect of weed competition was studied at three different levels: weak, moderate and strong. Fruit firmness, soluble solids content, macronutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium) and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio in fruit were significantly affected by weed competition. Strong weed competition negatively affected soluble solids content and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. In both trial years, soluble solids content was significantly higher in weak weed competition. In the first year of the study, soluble solids content ranged between 13.77±0.06% (strong weed competition) and 15.20±0.10% (weak weed competition). In the following year, soluble solids content values were determined as 13.13±0.23% in strong weed competition and 13.83±0.21% in weak weed competition. Weak weed competition showed superiority for fruit weight and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. As a whole, this study indicates that insufficient weed control in tree rows might be a limiting factor for fruit quality in high-density apple orchards.

scholarly journals Performance of twelve mango cultivars grown in different agroecological zones of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kobra ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MAH Talukder ◽  
MAJ Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Perfect Flower

Twelve commercial and promising mango cultivars were evaluated at three agroecological zones of Bangladesh viz., Akbarpur (AEZ 29), Chapai Nawabgonj (AEZ 11), and Gazipur (AEZ 28) during 2006-07 to investigate their regional adaptability. Cultivars included in the experiment were Ashwina, BARI Aam-1, Bombai, Deori, Fazli, Gopalbhog, Kalia, Khirsapat, Langra, Lata Bombai, Rani Passand, and Surjapuri. The plants were transplanted in the field during July 1993. Tree volume was the maximum (79.78 m3) in Khirsapat and the minimum in Lata Bombai (21.92 m3). Langra had the highest percentage of perfect flower (27%), while the lowest was in Deori and Kalia (5%). The earliest and latest fruit was harvested from BARI Aam-1 and Ashwina, respectively, at all locations. All the cultivars were harvested 3-5 and 8-10 days earlier at Akbarpur and Gazipur, respectively, compared to that at Chapai Nawabgonj. The highest individual fruit weight was obtained from Fazli at all locations, while Gopalbhog (130 g) had the lowest fruit weight at Akbarpur and Surjapuri at Chapai Nawabgonj (172 g) and Gazipur (140 g). Total soluble solids content was reasonably high in all the cultivars at each location (around 20%) except Ashwina, Lata Bombai, and Surjapuri which contained around 16% TSS. Lata Bombai was highly susceptible to anthracnose, floral malformation, and stem-end-rot at almost all the locations. Other cultivars showed low to medium susceptibility to all these diseases. The highest and lowest fruit producing cultivars were Khirsapat (206) and Lata Bombai (106) at Gazipur, while Rani Passand (196) and Bombai, Lata Bombai (92) at Akbarpur but at Chapai Nawabgonj, these were Langra (325) and Deori (117), respectively. Cultivar Fazli (83.61 kg) was the highest yielder by weight, while Lata Bombai (18.35 kg) was the lowest. Among the locations, Chapai Nawabgonj was the most favourable for plant growth, perfect flower production, and yield, and least favourable for pests and diseases. The overall result of the experiment indicated that good quality mango could also be grown successfully under Akbarpur and Gazipur conditions adopting appropriate variety like Khirsapat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14394 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 691-710, December 2012

scholarly journals ANÁLISE BIOMÉTRICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Greiciele Farias da Silveira ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi ◽  
Uéliton Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Tatiane Lemos Varella ◽  
Fernanda Saragosa Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Number Of Seeds

O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar biometricamente os frutos e sementes de Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi ocorrentes na região de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. Foram coletados em 2013 um total de 100 frutos maduros de 15 genótipos e destes foram selecionadas 300 sementes aleatoriamente. Os frutos foram analisados quanto ao comprimento, largura, espessura, peso, espessura da casca, o peso da polpa, o peso das sementes/fruto, número de sementes/fruto e teor de sólidos solúveis. As sementes foram avaliadas em relação ao comprimento, largura, espessura e índice de volume. As características biométricas foram analisadas mediante distribuição de frequência calculando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e o nível de significância através do teste T. O comprimento do fruto correlacionou-se positivamente com a largura e peso do fruto, espessura da casca e com peso das sementes, não havendo uma correlação com o número de sementes por fruto. Houve uma ampla distribuição de frequência das características avaliadas nos frutos, com exceção do peso das sementes. A alta variação fenotípica encontrada para a maioria das características avaliadas nos frutos e sementes de P. cristalina revela que a espécie tem divergência genética a ser utilizado em programas de seleção e conservação de recursos genéticos.Palavras-chave: divergência genética, maracujá, recursos genéticos. BIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi ABSTRACT: The present work has presented the fruits and seeds of Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi occurring in the region of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. A total of 100 mature fruits of 15 genotypes were collected in 2013 and 300 seeds were randomly selected. The fruits were inert to the length, thickness, thickness, weight, bark thickness, pulp weight, seed/fruit weight, number of seeds / fruit and soluble solids content. The seeds were evaluated for length, width, thickness and volume index. The biometric characteristics were analyzed with the calculation frequency calculated with the Spearman correlation coefficient and the level of significance throughout the T test. Fruit weight was correlated with fruit width and weight, bark thickness and weight of the fruits. Seeds without a key with the number of seeds per fruit. There is an offer of food distribution in the fruits, with the exception of the weight of the seeds. The high phenotypic variance found for a greater number of species evaluated in fruits and seeds of P.cristalina reveals that a type of genetics has been characterized in programs of selection and conservation of genetic resources.Keywords: genetic divergence, passion fruit, genetic resources.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LATE PLUM CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE (SERBIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatović ◽  
Dejan Đurović ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Aleksandar Radović ◽  
Đorđe Boškov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Late Maturation

Phenological traits, yield, and fruit characteristics of 14 plum cultivars of late maturation period were stud-ied in the region of Belgrade in the five-year period (2013–2017). The control cultivar for comparison was ‘Stanley’. The average time of flowering was in the first half of April, and of fruit maturation in the second half of August and the beginning of September. Yield per tree was lowest in the cultivar ‘Pozna Plava’ (10.2 kg) and highest in the cultivar ‘Topking’ (23.6 kg). Compared to the control, significantly lower yield was achieved in three cultivars: ‘Pozna Plava’, ‘Vengerka Pozdnyaya’, and ‘Narach’. Fruit weight ranged from 26.1 g in the cultivar ‘Elena’ to 57.0 g in the cultivar ‘Empress’. Compared to the control, it was sig-nificantly higher in three cultivars (‘Empress’, ‘Vengerka Pozdnyaya’, and ‘Tophit’). All studied cultivars had high soluble solids content, ranging from 17.1% to 21.6%. The best rated cultivar for fruit appearance was ‘Empress’, while cultivars ‘Nada’ and ‘Pozna Plava’ were best scored for taste.

scholarly journals Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald Sowers ◽  
Michele Choma Marini
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide Applications Scheduled to Control Gummy Stem Blight on Yield and Quality of Watermelon Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Solids Content

Yield and quality reductions in watermelon infected with Didymella bryoniae may be attributed to reduced number or weight of fruit, sunburned fruit, fruit rot, or low sugar content due to gummy stem blight on foliage and black rot on fruit. Number, weight, soluble solids content, and external appearance of fruit were determined in four experiments conducted in fall 1996 and 1997 and spring 1997 and 1998. Severity of gummy stem blight was varied by applying no fungicide, mancozeb, or chlorothalonil according to different schedules. In the fall, when disease severity was high, total fruit weight, percent marketable fruit, and soluble solids content were lower and percent fruit with black rot was higher in nonsprayed than in sprayed treatments. Fungicide applications did not affect total fruit weight, soluble solids content, or black rot in the spring, when disease severity was moderate to low. Percent sunburned fruit was greater in treatments sprayed every 14 days than in those sprayed weekly. In fall experiments, the number of healthy, unblemished fruit increased linearly as the number of fungicide applications was increased from zero to nine per season. Yield losses in watermelon to gummy stem blight and black rot resulted primarily from a reduction in total fruit weight and an increase in number of diseased and sunburned fruit.

Variation in the Performance of Fruit Maturing Time, Fruit Weight, and Soluble Solids Content in Oriental Persimmon Grown at Akitsu, Japan and Meixian, China.

1995 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Yamada ◽  
Renzi Wang ◽  
Hiroyasu Yamane ◽  
Akihiko Sato ◽  
Nobuyuki Hirakawa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content

scholarly journals Screening for Salt Tolerance in Melons

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mendlinger ◽  
Dov Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Mean Time

Twenty melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were tested for salt tolerance. All cultigens were grown in the field using drip irrigation at three salt salinity levels: electrical conductivity (ECw = 1.2, 7.5, or 14.0 dS·m-1. Nineteen of the 20 cultigens proved to be salt-sensitive, as measured by reduction in fruit weight, but not necessarily to the same degree (i.e., some cultigens were tolerant at ECw = 7.5, whereas others were not). One line, `Evan Key', was salt-tolerant at ECw= 14.0. Increasing salinity levels did not affect the number of fruits produced in most cultigens. Overall, increasing salinity reduced netting quality but increased the total soluble solids content and shortened mean time to harvest in seven cultigens.

scholarly journals Fruit Characteristics of Autochthonous Sweet Cherry Cultivars (Prunus avium L.) from the Banjaluka Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Radoš ◽  
Tanja Krmpot ◽  
Fejzo Begović
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Banjaluka region is characterized by a very rich diversity of old and autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars, which represent a very important genetic potential for future breeding programs. Autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars are spontaneously propagated and used in very few areas for production and consumption in the fresh condition. A very small percentage of autochthonous cultivars are used in local markets or in some forms of processing. The main reason for this is the small number of individual trees whose fruits are used for own household and their poor management. In order to popularize the production and sale of autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars, during this research was perform the basic pomological measurements of the five most common autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars in the Banjaluka region (Ašlamka, Banjalučka crnica, Bjelica-Biljur, Cipov and Crveni hrušt). Pomological (the weight and dimensions of the fruit, weight and dimensions of the pit, dimension of the stalk and the firmness of the fruit flesh) and chemical (total soluble solids content of the fruit) fruit characteristics were determined. Results showed differences in investigated parameters between the cultivars.

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