Mathematical Modeling of a Cross-Flow Rice Dryer

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwati Prakash ◽  
Sangeeta Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Terry J. Siebenmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition States ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Rice Drying ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract. Cross-flow dryers are the most popular industrial-scale rice dryers used in the U.S., yet few mathematical models have been developed and rigorously validated for such dryers. In addition, the glass transition states of rice kernels have never been predicted using a deep-bed drying model. In this study, a mathematical model was developed that describes the distribution of grain and air properties throughout a cross-flow dryer column. The model was validated by performing experiments in a lab dryer that was fabricated to simulate cross-flow drying. The model predictions of grain and air properties were observed to be very close to the measured values in the drying experiments; the root mean square error between the predicted and measured values of rice MC, air temperature, and air RH were less than one percentage point, 5°C, and ten percentage points, respectively. The model was then used to predict the glass transition state of starch present in rice kernels throughout the dryer column. The impact of initial MC on the glass transition states of rice kernels during cross-flow drying was also illustrated. Such predictions of rice kernel material states allow the model to be used for rice fissuring research. Additionally, the model could be applied to optimize drying operation parameters as well as improve dryer design, so as to achieve greater drying capacity, milling quality, and energy efficiency in a commercial drying operation. Keywords: Cross-flow drying, Glass transition, Mathematical model, Rice drying.

scholarly journals Mask-wearing increased after a government recommendation: A natural experiment in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Goldberg ◽  
Abel Gustafson ◽  
Edward Maibach ◽  
Matthew Thomas Ballew ◽  
Parrish Bergquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

On April 3 2020, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that all Americans wear face masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The announcement came during the fielding of a large, nationally-representative survey (N = 3,933) of Americans’ COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, providing an opportunity to measure the impact of the CDC’s recommendation on public reported mask wearing and buying behavior. The study found significant increases in reported mask wearing (+12 percentage points) and mask buying (+7 points). These findings indicate the speed with which government recommendations can affect the adoption of protective behaviors by the public. The results demonstrate the importance of national leadership and communication during a public health crisis.

Modeling the Impact of Localism in U.S. Presidential Elections

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin G. Mixon ◽  
Ernest W. King ◽  
Matthew L. Lawing
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Home State ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
State Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This paper reconciles previous approaches to measure the ‘home-state effect’ in U.S. presidential elections by using the latest data [i.e., 1972-2004], with additional techniques designed to flesh out the role that state size and presidential term play in the determination (or not) of the U.S. presidential vote share of the home state's candidates. From this study, three compelling themes emerge: (1) the home-state effect in presidential elections generally falls in the 4.0 to 6.0 percentage points range, (2) any home-state effect that does exist seems to emanate from the role localism plays in smaller environments {e.g., Arkansas and Georgia), and (3) the home-state effect shown here and in previous studies appears to also be rooted in a first-term effect, which one would expect given the lack of information on the governing behavior of freshmen presidents.

Mathematical Modeling of a Cross-Flow Rice Dryer with Grain Inverters

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1757-1765
Author(s):  
Bhagwati Prakash ◽  
Terry J. Siebenmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Page Equation ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Industrial-scale cross-flow dryers are commonly equipped with grain inverters to improve the uniformity of drying across the column thickness. While a few mathematical models have been reported that include the operation of grain inverters, such models were rarely validated with experiments comprising grain inversions. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to evaluate the impact of grain inverters on the uniformity of grain moisture content (MC) across the column in cross-flow dryers. To improve the accuracy of model predictions, the impact of using two thin-layer drying equations, the Newton and modified Page equations, in the model was also investigated. An experimental setup was fabricated to simulate grain inversion, and drying experiments were performed to measure rice MC and air temperature across the column thickness, which were then compared with model-predicted values. When the modified Page equation was used in the model, the model predictions matched the experimental observations more closely than when using the Newton equation. The model successfully predicted grain and air properties when 0, 1, and 2 grain inversions were used; the root mean square error between predicted and measured values of rice MC and air temperature were within 0.1 to 0.2 percentage points and 1°C to 4°C, respectively. Grain inversions were shown to improve the uniformity of drying in rice kernels; in the tested drying conditions, a single grain inversion produced more uniform drying than two or more grain inversions in the column. The presented results demonstrate the usefulness of the developed model in investigating the role of grain inversion in cross-flow drying of rice. As such, the model could be readily used to improve dryer design, particularly the number and arrangement of grain inverters, and optimize rice drying operations. Keywords: Deep-bed drying, Grain inverters, Mathematical modeling, Reversed airflow, Thin-layer drying.

scholarly journals Borrowing Constraints and Homeownership

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Acolin ◽  
Jesse Bricker ◽  
Paul Calem ◽  
Susan Wachter
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Borrowing Constraints ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Homeownership Rate ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

This paper identifies the impact of borrowing constraints on homeownership in the U.S. in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. While homeownership declines and tightened credit are evident, the role the tightening of credit has had on the probability of individual households to become homeowners has not been previously identified. The homeownership rate in 2010-2013 is estimated to be 2.3 percentage points lower than if the constraints were set at the 2001 level.

The Effect of Taxation and Corruption on Firm Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Bich Le Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the impact of taxation and corruption on the growth of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. The study employed pooled OLS estimation and then instrument variables with fixed effect for the panel data of 1377 firms in Vietnam from 2005 to 2011. These data were obtained from the survey of the Central Institute for Economic Management and the Danish International Development Agency. The results show that both taxation and corruption are negatively associated with firm growth measured by firm sales adjusted according to the GDP deflator. A one-percentage point increase in the bribery rate is linked with a reduction of 16,883 percentage points in firm revenue, over four and a half times bigger than the effect of a one-percentage point increase in the tax rate. From the findings of this research, the author recommends the Vietnam government to lessen taxation on firms and that there should be an urgent revolution in anti-corruption policies as well as bureaucratic improvement in Vietnam.

The Impact of Light Polarisation on Light Field of Scenes with Multiple Reflections

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Budak ◽  
Anton V. Grimaylo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Global Illumination ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Mueller Matrices ◽  
Volume Integration ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the role of polarisation in calculation of multiple reflections. A mathematical model of multiple reflections based on the Stokes vector for beam description and Mueller matrices for description of surface properties is presented. On the basis of this model, the global illumination equation is generalised for the polarisation case and is resolved into volume integration. This allows us to obtain an expression for the Monte Carlo method local estimates and to use them for evaluation of light distribution in the scene with consideration of polarisation. The obtained mathematical model was implemented in the software environment using the example of a scene with its surfaces having both diffuse and regular components of reflection. The results presented in the article show that the calculation difference may reach 30 % when polarisation is taken into consideration as compared to standard modelling.

The Impact of Globalization on the U.S. Defense Industrial Base

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques S. Gansler ◽  
William Lucyshyn ◽  
John Rigilano
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Base ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S
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