Estimating the Cost of Agricultural Morbidity in Maine and New Hampshire

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Jones ◽  
Erika E. Scott ◽  
Nicole Krupa ◽  
Paul L. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Agricultural Injuries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. This article provides an estimate for the economic costs of agricultural injuries sustained in the states of Maine and New Hampshire between the years 2008 and 2010. The authors used a novel dataset of 562 agriculturally related occupational injuries, and cost estimates were generated using the CDC’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Individual cases from the dataset that did not match the query options for WISQARS were excluded. Of the 562 agricultural injuries identified in the dataset, 361 met the WISQARS criteria. The remaining 201 cases were judged to be incompatible with the WISQARS query criteria. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) were found between the median costs of eight types of injury. Amputations (median = $70,077) and fractures (median = $13,365) were found to be the most expensive types of injury. The total cost of the 361 injuries for which estimates were available was $6,342,270. Injuries that reportedly involved machinery were found to be more expensive than injuries caused by animals. This article highlights the difference in the total cost of injury between types of injuries and demonstrates that agricultural injuries were a significant economic burden for Maine and New Hampshire for the years 2008-2010. These data can be used to direct future preventive efforts. Finally, this article suggests that WISQARS is a powerful tool for estimating injury costs without requiring access to treatment or billing records. Keywords: Agriculture, Economic burden, Maine, New Hampshire, Passive surveillance.

Cost-Consequence Analysis of Single-Dose Dalbavancin Versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections in a Multisite Healthcare System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gonzalez ◽  
Diana Carolina Andrade ◽  
JianLi Niu
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) are common infectious diseases that cause a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of dalbavancin vs standard of care (SoC) in the treatment of ABSSSI in a community-based healthcare system. Methods This was a retrospective study of adult patients with ABSSSI treated with dalbavancin or SoC during a 27-month period. Patients were matched based on age and body mass index. The primary outcome was average net cost of care to the healthcare system per patient, calculated as the difference between reimbursement payments and the total cost to provide care to the patient. The secondary outcome was proportion of cases successfully treated, defined as no ABSSSI-related readmission within 30 days after the initiation of treatment. Results Of the 418 matched patients, 209 received SoC and 209 received dalbavancin. The average total cost of care per patient was greater with dalbavancin vs SoC ($4770 vs $2709, P < .0001). The average reimbursement per patient was $3084 with dalbavancin vs $2633 SoC (P = .527). The net cost, calculated as revenue minus total cost, was $1685 with dalbavancin vs $75 with SoC (P = .013). The overall treatment success rate was 74% with dalbavancin vs 85% with SoC (P = .004). Conclusions Dalbavancin was more costly than SoC for the treatment of ABSSSI, with a higher 30-day readmission rate. Dalbavancin does not offer an economic or efficacy advantage.

Modeling the likely economic cost of non-adherence to TB medicines in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 902-909
Author(s):  
D. Collins ◽  
H. Lam ◽  
H. Firdaus ◽  
J. Antipolo ◽  
P. Mangao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Cost

SETTING: The Philippines has a population of over 90 million people and is one of the 22 highest TB burden countries in the world.OBJECTIVE: To understand the economic cost of non-adherence to TB medicines due to loss to follow up and stock-outs in the Philippines.DESIGN: Data were collected on the economic costs of non-adherence to TB medicines and a model was developed to show those costs under different scenarios.RESULTS: The model showed that as many as 1958 and 233 persons are likely to have died as a result of DS-TB and MDR-TB loss to follow up, respectively, and 588 persons are likely to have died as a result of TB medicine stock outs. The related economic impact in each case is likely have been to be as much as US$72.2 million, US$13.4 million and US$21.0 million, respectively.CONCLUSION: The economic costs of non-adherence to TB medicines due to loss to follow-up and stock-outs represent a significant economic burden for the country and it is likely that the cost of addressing these problems would be much less than this burden and, therefore, a wise investment.

Pharmacy cost in cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18358-e18358
Author(s):  
Surbhi Shah ◽  
Nathan Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drug Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Pharmacy Cost ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Active Cancer

e18358 Background: Health care spending in US is highest in the developed world and contributes to up to 1/5 of the GDP. The price escalation is steep and contribution from cancer care is soaring. The cost of medications is deemed to be the leading cause of increased health care spending. In this era of precision medicine, with more effective and better tolerated drugs, patients are using them for longer periods of time, adding to the ever mounting health care spending. Methods: We used a large claims based data set US database MarketScan to explore the economic burden of drug cost in cancer care. Between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2015 we identified 195,290 enrollees with active cancer. We analyzed the economic burden of medications for overall cancer care by exploring the total cost of care and the pharmacy expenditure by various classes of drugs for these patients. The perspective was that of the health care system as the costs included payments by the insurer and the patient. Results: There were 195,290 active cancer patients in this analysis. Mean age was 61 years, 55% were females. Breast cancer was the most common diagnosis. Mean total cost of care and total drug cost per patient over the study period was $141,415 and $13,579, respectively. The total pharmacy expenditure across all study patients was ~2.5B. Antineoplastic drugs make up the largest portion of the total pharmacy expenditure at 39%. Cost contribution based on drug categories were anti-infective (6%), cardiovascular (6%), central nervous system (including opiates, anti-nausea medications and antidepressants) (7%), blood formulations (including anticoagulants) (8%), hormones (8%) and gastrointestinal drugs (4%) respectively. Conclusions: Based on the real world information from a large insurance claims database, this study quantifies the contribution of various drug classes to the cost of cancer care. Antineoplastic contribute to > 1/3rd of the total pharmacy spending. With increasing trend for immunotherapy and combination therapy drug costs are bound to go up even more steeply. Unless drug prices are regulated, we are looking towards an unsustainable level of growth in the health care spending in cancer care.

The Economic Cost of Suicide in Ireland

Crisis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Gross National Product ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. Objective: To calculate the costs of suicide in Ireland. Method: The paper identifies all episodes of suicide in Ireland in 2001 and 2002, and projects the economic costs arising from these episodes over subsequent years. All prices have been converted to 2001 euros. Both direct and indirect costs were calculated. Indirect costs included both the cost of lost output and human costs. Results: The total cost of suicide is estimated at over Euro 906 million in 2001, and over Euro 835 million in 2002 (in 2001 prices). This is equivalent to a little under 1% of the gross national product in Ireland for those years. Conclusions: The results show that investment in health education and health promotion can be justified on the basis of the costs associated with suicide in Ireland. These costs fall on individuals, families, and society. The huge human cost of suffering associated with suicide can also be prevented through appropriate intervention to prevent death occurring. It is important that any suicide prevention strategy should include an evaluative framework to ensure that investment occurs in the areas most likely to generate the highest returns in term of suicides prevented and lives saved.

scholarly journals COST EVALUATION OF STROKE THERAPY COMPARED TO INA-CBGs ON INPATIENTS AT ANUTAPURA HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah ◽  
Alwiyah Mukaddas ◽  
Dewi Angriani ◽  
Gaby Nathania Angela Mangoting
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Stroke Therapy ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTStroke is the third cause of death in the world after heart disease, cancer, and disability including disability categorized based on its severity: mild (I), moderate (II), and severe (III) severity. This study aims to determine the difference total cost of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke therapy, each, with INA-CBGs rates. The method of data collection was conducted retrospectively taken from medical record data, and on patient medical expenses. The subject were ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients hospitalized from 2016-2017 at Anutapura Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 134 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 68% were ischemic stroke patients and 32% were hemorrhagic stroke patients. The result of research showed that there were significant differences in costs (p <0.05) between hospital real costs and INA-CBGs rates. The average total real cost of treatment for ischemic stroke therapy was IDR 7,360,196.70 and the cost of the INA-CBGs was IDR 7,427,251.65 for 91 inpatients; and the average total cost of patients with hemorrhagic stroke therapy took IDR 10,606,834.34 with average of INA CBG’s rate at IDR 4,399,393.02 for 43 inpatients. The conclusion is both of stroke therapy proved significant difference compared to BPJS claimed amount of money.Keywords: pharmacoeconomic, cost analysis, ischemic stroke, haemorrhage stroke, INA-CBG’s rate.

CALCULATION OF COST OF PRODUCTION USING FULL COSTING METHOD IN PT ALBASIA JAYA SUKABUMI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Basic Price

Indonesia has a large forest area with various types of trees and causes entrepreneurs to process these natural resources which use the results for wood processing industry for wood industry companies. The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of the calculation of the cost of production per cubic meter flooring with the cost of production method of the full costing approach, and to find out the total cost of production that can be absorbed in each production department. The type of data in this study is qualitative data and quantitative data both primary data and secondary data as supporting data. The data source is taken from company reporting and documentation, as well as the available files relating to the cost of flooring production per cubic meter (m3) of PT. Albasia Jaya Sukabumi Regency. The data analysis method used is to analyze each note, documentation and report then described. For the purposes of analysis and discussion, the authors use a cost accounting analysis tool by carrying out a classification of costs on the basis of the basic functions that exist in the company and determine the cost of production with a full costing approach. That the total cost of production according to PT. Albasia Jaya Sukabumi Regency is IDR 435,747,835.44 whereas according to the full costing method treatment is IDR 433,046,198.86 this means that there is a difference that must be corrected as much as IDR (2,701,638.58). Then for the basic price per cubic meter (m3) of Bengkirai flooring according to PT. Albasia Jaya in the amount of Rp 1,188,403.88 while according to the full costing method of Rp 1,181,035.09 this means that there is a difference in the basic price per cubic meter (m3) of Rp (7,368.79). The difference was caused by differences in the calculation of lost products at the end of the process according to PT Albasia Jaya of Rp. 22,969,532.98 while according to the full costing method of Rp. 25,550,092.30. That in accordance with the hypothesis stated above, the PT Albasia Jaya cost of goods manufactured report is acceptable.

Economic burden of gastric cancer in the first six months after diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Habib Jalilian ◽  
Leila Doshmangir ◽  
Soheila Ajami ◽  
Habibeh Mir ◽  
Yibeltal Siraneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Purpose Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the leading cause of death after lung cancer in the world. Considering the economic burden of cancers and their impact on household welfare, this study aims to estimate the cost of gastric cancer in Tabriz (Northwest city of Iran) in 2017. Design/methodology/approach This was an incidence-based cost of illness study which was conducted from the perspective of society with a bottom-up costing approach. The inclusion criteria for the study were all patients (n = 118) with gastric cancer at the period of the first six months after diagnosis that 102 patients participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Findings The mean medical direct cost was US$3288.02, 18.19 per cent paid by the patient and 81.81 per cent paid by insurance organizations and governmental subsidies. The estimated out of pocket rate was 18.19 per cent. The mean non-medical direct cost estimated at US$377.54. The mean total direct cost was US$3665.56, 26.61 per cent paid by the patient. The mean indirect cost estimated at US$505.41 and the mean total cost was US$4170.97, 35.5 per cent which imposed on the patient. The mean total cost of gastric cancer within the first six months after diagnosis was equivalent to 0.81 GDP per capita. Originality/value Based on the findings, gastric cancer is a highly costly disease that despite insurance coverage imposes a high economic burden on the patients and their families.

scholarly journals The Woes of Economic Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Cases Borne by Public Sector Hospital of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
SYED SHAHZAD HUSSAIN ◽  
USMAN AHMAD KAMBOH ◽  
MUHAMMAD ASIF RAZA ◽  
MADIHA KANWAL ◽  
SAMAN SHAHID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Setup Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Public Sector Hospital ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: To highlight the role of public sector hospitals in sharing the major burden of severely head injured patients in a resource constrained economically striving countryMaterials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Neurosurgery department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. 70 patients with moderate to severe TBI cases above one year of age were included. The data was analyzed for the cost estimation for the period of six months, for the following heads: 1) hospital cost per day, 2) ICU setup cost per day, and 3) salaries of hospital staff per day.Results: There were 53 cases of moderate injury and 17 cases of severe injury. Mean hospital stay was 14 days, minimum number of stay was 2 days and the maximum number of stay was 124 days in six months. Overall, in six months, per day cost of hospital bills head was Rs. 42,333/$ 263/€ 238. For the ICU setup head, the total cost was Rs. 17,9923/$1130/€ 1016 per day. The salary head’s total cost was Rs. 2573/$16.06/€ 14.44. The grand total of all heads, (bills, ICU setup & salaries) was Rs. 22,482,29/$1409/€ 1270.Conclusion: We evaluated the cost effectiveness of the Neurocritical care unit of a public sector hospital who provides the best possible health care facilities at a cheaper rate as compared to developed countries. We are highlighting the economic burden borne by the developing country’s government.

scholarly journals Cost, Severity and Prevalence of Agricultural-Related Injury Workers’ Compensation Claims in Farming Operations from 14 U.S. States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4309
Author(s):  
Navneet Kaur Baidwan ◽  
Marizen R. Ramirez ◽  
Fred Gerr ◽  
Daniel Boonstra ◽  
Joseph E. Cavanaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Injury Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Injuries ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
The Cost

(1) Background: There is no national surveillance of agricultural injuries, despite agricultural occupations being among the most hazardous in the U.S. This effort uses workers’ compensation (WC) data to estimate the burden of agricultural injuries and the likelihood of experiencing an injury by body part involved, cause, and nature in farming operations. (2) Methods: WC data from 2010 to 2016 provided by a large insurance company covering small to medium-sized farm operations from 14 U.S. states was used. We investigated the associations between injury characteristics and WC costs and the risk of having a more severe versus a less severe claim. The proportion of costs attributable to specific claim types was calculated. (3) Results: Of a total 1000 claims, 67% were medical only. The total cost incurred by WC payable claims (n = 866) was USD 21.5 million. Of this, 96% was attributable to more severe claims resulting in disabilities or death. The most common body part injured was the distal upper extremity. Falling or flying objects and collisions were the most expensive and common causes of injury. (4) Conclusions: Characterizing the cost and severity of agricultural injury by key injury characteristics may be useful when prioritizing prevention efforts in partnership with insurance companies and agricultural operations.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients — a Comparative Analysis between Matched Patients with Cancer with and without a Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 366-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Shah ◽  
Nathan Rubin ◽  
Alok A. Khorana
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Median Total Cost ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Active Cancer

Abstract Background:Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health problem occurring at a rate of 1/1000 adults in general population. Cancer patients have a much higher risk of VTE with an annual rate of 24.6/1000 patients and this contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The body of evidence related to the economic burden for VTE in cancer patients is limited to small institutional studies. With increasing burden of cost for cancer care there is a significant push for cost containment measures, physicians taking care of these patients should be more aware of the economic outcomes of their patient cares. Methods: We used a large claims based data set US database MarketScan (Truven Health Analytics) to explore the economic burden of VTE in cancer patients. Between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2015 we identified 614,577 patients with cancer of these 195,290 were deemed to have active cancer out of which 6,569 had a VTE code in their medical claims. This study was conducted to assess the economic burden of VTE in cancer patients in comparison their non-VTE peers with similar cancer type. All-cause costs over 3-year period were used and included the costs of all services. These were further explored to compare the total cost of care, cost based on the site of utilization of care and pharmacy cost between the patients with VTE with their matched peers. VTE-related costs were identified with a primary or secondary diagnosis of DVT or PE, and were evaluated for the entire follow-up period, starting from the initiation of the anticoagulant therapy until end of eligibility or end of data, whichever was earlier. Continuous factors were summarized by the median. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to test for differences in the distribution between the VTE and non-VTE groups for cost and number of visits. Overall costs as well as total cost per day/visit were compared between groups. The costs were also evaluated by site of utilization (Emergency room vs inpatient vs outpatient) and by cancer subtype. Results: Among active cancer enrollees, there were 6,569 (3.4%) enrollees with VTE and 188,721 (96.6%) without. Average age was around 60 years in both groups. There were approximately 50 % females in each group and breast cancer was the most common type of cancer in the non-VTE group while gastrointestinal cancers were more common in the VTE group. Incidence of comorbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease was similar in both cohorts but chronic liver disease was found more often in the VTE cohort. The median total cost over the study period for the VTE group ($136,976) was 2.0 times that of the non-VTE group ($67,115). This pattern holds for the inpatient, emergency, and outpatient costs. Total median drug costs were about 4 times that of the VTE group ($10,457) than the non-VTE group ($2,621). The difference the cost between groups for these measures were all highly statistically significant (<0.001). However, the VTE group also had 1.7 times the median number of days/visits than the non-VTE group (p < 0.001 for all categories). After adjusting for the number of days, the median total cost per visit was still statistically significant (p<0.001); however the cost difference is much smaller ($1,132 in VTE vs. $984 in non-VTE,). The overall total cost in the VTE groups ranges from 1.3 (pancreatic) to 3.4 (other cancers) times that of the non-VTE patients for the various cancer types, all were statistically significant (p<0.001). After adjusting for the number of visits, the relative cost difference decreased for all cancer groups it ranges from 0.97 (gynecological) to 1.5 (other cancer) times that of the non-VTE patients for the various cancer groups. Lung, breast, gastrointestinal, and other types were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Discussion: Based on the real world information from a large insurance claims database, this study quantifies the incremental health care cost burden associated with VTE in cancer patients. It is clear from this study the patients with cancer and VTE seek medical care more frequently than their non-VTE counterparts leading to higher healthcare costs in all settings. It was also interesting to note that when only the drug costs were taken into consideration, enrollees with VTE had up to 4 times higher drug costs, not all of which was attributable to the anticoagulant cost. Disclosures Khorana: Bayer: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy.

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