Advances in Biomass Power Generation Using Fluidized Bed Gasification Techniques: Update of Current State of the Art and Report of Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Canzana Capareda ◽  
Amado Latayan Maglinao
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Sir Charles Parsons and Electrical Power Generation—a Turbine Designer's Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Bolter
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Generation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Sir Charles Parsons died some three years after the author was born. In this paper the author looks back at the pioneering work of Parsons in the field of power generation. It shows how he was able to increase output of the steam turbine generator from 7.5 kW in 1884 to 50000 kW in 1930 while increasing efficiency from 1.6 to 36 per cent, and relates these achievements to the current state of the art. Blading design, rotor construction and other aspects of turbine engineering are considered. The conclusion is that Parsons and his associates charted the course which manufacturers and utilities throughout the world have continued to follow, although increasingly sophisticated design and analytical methods have succeeded the intuitive approach of Parsons. His constant search for improved efficiency was and is highly relevant to today's concern for the environment. Finally, although it did not become a practical proposition in his lifetime, the paper reviews Parsons' vision of, and continuing interest in, the gas turbine, first mentioned in his 1884 patents.

scholarly journals Biohorology and biomarkers of aging: Current state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 101050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Galkin ◽  
Polina Mamoshina ◽  
Alex Aliper ◽  
João Pedro de Magalhães ◽  
Vadim N. Gladyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

scholarly journals Survey of Flight Anomaly Detection Methods: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Rowoli Igenewari ◽  
Zakwan Skaf ◽  
Ian K. Jennions
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Component Faults ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Safety enhancement is a major goal of the aviation industry owing to the predicted increase in air travel. There is also the need to prevent fatalities, increase reliability and reduce monetary costs suffered as a result of delays and accidents that still occur. Accidents today are complex as a result of many causal factors acting alone but more often as a combination with other contributing factors. In tackling this trend, proactive measures have been put in place to find hazardous combinations that occur during flights in order to mitigate them before accidents occur. Flight Anomaly Detection (AD) methods are aimed at highlighting abnormal occurrences of a flight, that are different from the norm. As an improvement on the current state-of-the-art method, previous works have proposed different AD techniques for detection of previously unknown flight risks such as component faults, aircraft operational inefficiencies and some abnormal crew behaviour. However, current AD methods individually have limitations that prevent them from detecting certain significant anomalies in flight data. This paper surveys current flight AD approaches, their strengths and limitations as well as brings to light the benefits of a hybrid AD method to extend previous work and find safety-critical events, particularly those related to abnormal crew activity: a class of events known to amount for a substantial number of accidents/incidents today. It also highlights another emerging AD application opportunity, its challenges and how AD is beneficial in addressing them.

A Perspective on Incentive Design: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-338
Author(s):  
Lillian J. Ratliff ◽  
Roy Dong ◽  
Shreyas Sekar ◽  
Tanner Fiez
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Incentive Design ◽  
New Class ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

The increasingly tight coupling between humans and system operations in domains ranging from intelligent infrastructure to e-commerce has led to a challenging new class of problems founded on a well-established area of research: incentive design. There is a clear need for a new tool kit for designing mechanisms that help coordinate self-interested parties while avoiding unexpected outcomes in the face of information asymmetries, exogenous uncertainties from dynamic environments, and resource constraints. This article provides a perspective on the current state of the art in incentive design from three core communities—economics, control theory, and machine learning—and highlights interesting avenues for future research at the interface of these domains.

scholarly journals Highlights from Faraday Discussion on Designing Nanoparticle Systems for Catalysis, London, UK, May 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (68) ◽  
pp. 9385-9393
Author(s):  
Rosa Arrigo ◽  
Andrew J. Logsdail ◽  
Laura Torrente-Murciano
Keyword(s):  
Computational Chemistry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Nanomaterial Synthesis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rational Catalyst Design

The 2018 Faraday Discussion on “Designing Nanoparticle Systems for Catalysis” brought together leading scientists to discuss the current state-of-the-art in the fields of computational chemistry, characterization techniques, and nanomaterial synthesis, and to debate the challenges and opportunities going forward for rational catalyst design.

scholarly journals Therapy of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Margoni ◽  
Francesca Rinaldi ◽  
Paola Perini ◽  
Paolo Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Treatment of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) has been tailored after observational studies and data obtained from clinical trials in adult-onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS) patients. There are an increasing number of new therapeutic agents for AOMS, and many will be formally studied for use also in POMS. However, there are important efficacy and safety concerns regarding the use of these therapies in children and young adults. This review will discuss the current state of the art of POMS therapy and will focus on the newer therapies (oral and infusion disease-modifying drugs) and on those still currently under investigation.

scholarly journals Challenges in Application of Petri Nets in Manufacturing Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Iwona Grobelna ◽  
Andrei Karatkevich
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Deadlock Prevention ◽  
Current State ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
University Level ◽  
Made In

Petri nets are a useful mathematical formalism for specification of manufacturing systems, supported by various analysis and verification methods. The progress made in automating control systems and the widespread use of Industry 4.0 pose a number of challenges to their application, starting from the education at university level and ending with modelling of real case studies. The paper aims to present and analyse the most relevant challenges and opportunities related to the use of Petri nets as a modelling technique of manufacturing systems. The review of the literature is primarily based on the years 2019–2020 to reflect the current state of the art. The newest approaches to deadlock prevention and recovering, but also other important analysis problems and difficulties in modelling real industrial processes are discussed. Trends for the future are also identified.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities in Dock-Based Bike-Sharing Rebalancing: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Vallez ◽  
Mario Castro ◽  
David Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Service ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Keyword Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Bike Sharing

Bike-sharing systems (BSS) have raised in popularity in the last years due to their potential share in sustainable cities. Although the first attempts to implement a bike-sharing public service date back to 1965 (Amsterdam), their widespread use arrived with the millennium becoming a vibrant research area whose activity has increased steadily in the last decade. Several authors have attempted to summarize the current state of the art, but the literature on BSS is still scattered in different fields. Thus, there is a lack of literature that summarizes and categorizes the available research on BSS. In this paper, we perform a thorough review of the challenges behind rebalancing in bike-sharing systems. The objectives of this paper are to collect papers on the repositioning problem in dock-based bike-sharing services, classify them and point to novel research venues. We render a keyword analysis in the literature and a timeline that shows the evolution of those keywords throughout the last decade. We also include an exhaustive table that will assist researchers from different disciplines to address the open challenges in the field and to transition towards more sustainable cities.

scholarly journals The state of the art of agile kanban method: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2535-2550
Author(s):  
Hamzah Alaidaros ◽  
Mazni Omar ◽  
Rohaida Romli
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Cross

In the recent years, the Agile Kanban has emerged as an appropriate method used for managing projects in numerous fields and various settings. Despite getting an increased popularity in the software organizations, the Agile Kanban method still has different challenges that need to be addressed. Therefore, this study aims to concisely explore the current state of the art and latest researches on the Agile Kanban method through conducting an extensive review of the literature. The results of this study carry strong implications and confirm the important need for conducting researches on the Agile Kanban method. It also provides the key challenges and opportunities that can be investigated in future studies. The cross analysis of the results leads to a better understanding of the Agile Kanban method and aids the research teams to address the Kanban limitations and increase its adoption in the software organizations.

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