scholarly journals Odorous Compound Removal Performance and Water Properties of a Biotrickling Filter Installed in a Piggery

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
Tomoko Yasuda ◽  
Miyoko Waki ◽  
Yasuyuki Fukumoto ◽  
Hiroaki Saito ◽  
Hiroki Yokojima
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Odorous Compounds ◽  
Empty Bed Residence Time

Highlights We evaluated the performance of a two-stage biotrickling filter in a pig facility. A short empty bed residence time lowered the secondary filter removal efficiency for many odorous compounds. The removal efficiency of some compounds increased when the pH in the secondary water tank decreased. Low-odor-threshold compounds such as MT, n-BA, n-PA, and p-cresol were indicated as targets for optimization. Abstract . Odor is a major problem in pig production, and it is important to minimize odor emissions. To determine the factors influencing variations in odor removal efficiency, we analyzed the performance of a biotrickling filter installed in growing-finishing pig rooms on a commercial farm. Over 16 months, we conducted measurements of representative odorous compounds, namely sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide), volatile fatty acids (propanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and pentanoic acid), and ammonia. The average removal efficiencies of methanethiol, dimethyl disulfide, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia were 83% to 89%, with 50% for hydrogen sulfide and 18% for dimethyl sulfide. For many, but not all, odorous compounds, removal efficiency declined significantly with decreasing empty bed residence time (EBRT). From an analysis of the correlations of odorous compounds’ removal efficiency with the properties of the trickling water, we hypothesized that water properties such as pH, free ammonia, free nitrous acid, ionic species (Na+, Ca2+) concentrations, temperature, electrical conductivity, and biological oxygen demand, in addition to EBRT, were associated with fluctuations in removal efficiency during full-scale operation. The pH in the secondary water tank was negatively correlated with the removal efficiencies of methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, pentanoic acid, and ammonia. Our identification of key odorous compounds indicates the importance of the secondary filter in odor treatment. Biotrickling filters for air in pig facilities could be further optimized by targeting low-odor-threshold compounds such as methanethiol, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, and p-cresol, in addition to ammonia. Keywords: Ammonia, Biotrickling filter, Pig facility odor, Sulfur compound, Trickling water, Volatile fatty acid.

Styrene Removal from Polluted Air in Biotrickling Filter with Pyrocarbon-Sawdust and Ceramic-Raschig-Rings-Sawdust Packings

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
Ai Ling Ren ◽  
Xi Lv ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Huan Huan He ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Biotrickling Filters ◽  
Styrene Removal ◽  
Empty Bed Residence Time

In this paper, a mixed microbial population biotrickling filter (BTF) was investigated for styrene removal with two different packings at different empty bed residence times and gas-liquid ratio(GLR). The two biotrickling filters inoculated with a Pyrocarbon-sawdust and ceramic-raschig-rings-sawdust mixed packings were filled respectively in two identical laboratory-scale biotrickling filters which were operated in parallel. The results showed that the BTF filling with pyrocarbon-sawdust packings had higher rate of bio-film formation and removal efficiency of styrene than that of ceramic-raschig-rings-sawdust packings. When an inlet gas concentration of 50 to 450 mg/m³, an Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) of 21.6 to 43.2 s, and a gas-liquid ratio (GLR) of 110.7 to 55.3, a maximum styrene removal load is up to 153.1 g/(m³·h). During shock-load experiments with shutdown, the styrene removal efficiency of the BTF could gradually reach 92 % to 100 % by 14 h.

scholarly journals Formation of Formaldehyde and Other Byproducts by TiO2 Photocatalyst Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4821
Author(s):  
Weijia Yu ◽  
Marten in `t Veld ◽  
Rossana Bossi ◽  
Mohamed Ateia ◽  
Dominique Tobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Photocatalysts promised to control pollution in an environmentally benign manner, inexpensively, and with a low or cheap energy input. However, the limited chemical activity of photocatalysts has prevented their widespread use. This limitation has two important consequences; in addition to limited removal efficiency for pollution, photocatalysts may also generate unwanted byproducts due to incomplete reaction. This study focuses on the byproducts formed in the photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) on titanium dioxide (TiO2), using a continuous flow reactor and detection via proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. TiO2, activated carbon (AC), TiO2/AC (1:1) and TiO2/AC (1:5) were tested using either a laser-driven light source or LED lamps at 365 nm. The samples were characterized using a N2-BET surface area and pore size distributions, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, which confirmed that TiO2 was successfully coated on activated carbon without unexpected phases. TiO2 and activated carbon showed different removal mechanisms for DMS. The maximum yield of formaldehyde, 11.4%, was observed for DMS reacting on a TiO2/AC (1:5) composite operating at a DMS removal efficiency of 31.7% at 50 ∘C. In addition to formaldehdye, significant products included acetone and dimethyl disulfide. In all, observed byproducts accounted for over half of the DMS material removed from the airstream. The TiO2/AC (1:5) and TiO2/AC (1:1) composites have a lower removal efficiency than TiO2, but a higher yield of byproducts. Experiments conducted from 20 ∘C to 70 ∘C showed that as temperature increases, the removal efficiency decreases and the production of byproducts increases even more. This is attributed both to decreased surface activity at high temperatures due to increased recombination of reactive species, and to the decreased residence time of volatile compounds on a hot surface. This study shows that potentially dangerous byproducts are formed by photocatalytic reactors because the reaction is incomplete under the conditions generally employed.

scholarly journals Investigating the species of microorganisms from activated sludge for handling phenol contaminated-air streams in biotrickling filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Anh Thi Kim Nguyen ◽  
Mi Thi Tra Le ◽  
Phu Ly Sy Nguyen ◽  
Nga Diep Yen Dang ◽  
Hien Thi To
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Air Streams ◽  
Removal Equipment

This research aimed at investigating the species of microorganisms from activated sludge is capable of handling gas-containing phenol vapor by means of trickling biofilter. By isolating and culturing microorganisms, two species, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus thuringiensis, was discovered to dominate in phenol vapor removal equipment with high efficiency (about 90% with B. pumilus strain and 92% with B. thuringiensis strains) at inlet concentration about 650 - 850 mg/Nm3 and air flow of 1.5 L/min. Simultaneously, similar experiments were carried out with mixed microorganisms obtained removal efficiency of more than 80%. This result showed that microorganisms after being isolated gave higher performance than mixture of microorganisms. In particular, strain of B. thuringiensis could handle up to 3600 mg/Nm3 in inlet concentration at about 184.3 gphenolm-3.h-1 elimination capacity when removal efficiency was over 92%.

scholarly journals Co-Treatment with Single and Ternary Mixture Gas of Dimethyl Sulfide, Propanethiol, and Toluene by a Macrokinetic Analysis in a Biotrickling Filter Seeded with Alcaligenes sp. SY1 and Pseudomonas Putida S1

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Yiming Sun ◽  
Xiaowei Lin ◽  
Shaodong Zhu ◽  
Jianmeng Chen ◽  
Yi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Maximum Removal

The biotrickling filter (BTF) treatment is an effective way of dealing with air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, this approach is typically used for single VOCs treatment but not for the mixtures of VOC and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), even if they are often encountered in industrial applications. Therefore, we investigated the performance of BTF for single and ternary mixture gas of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), propanethiol, and toluene, respectively. Results showed that the co-treatment enhanced the removal efficiency of toluene, but not of dimethyl sulfide or propanethiol. Maximum removal rates (rmax) of DMS, propanethiol and toluene were calculated to be 256.41 g·m−3·h−1, 204.08 g·m−3·h−1 and 90.91 g·m−3·h−1, respectively. For a gas mixture of these three constituents, rmax was measured to be 114.94 g·m−3·h−1, 104.17 g·m−3·h−1 and 99.01 g·m−3·h−1, separately. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis further indicated that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major bacterial groups in BTF packing materials. A shift of bacterial community structure was observed during the biodegradation process.

Volatile Sulfur Compounds Produced by Methionine Degrading Bacteria and the Relationship to Concrete Corrosion

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Pohl ◽  
Eberhard Bock ◽  
Marian Rinken ◽  
Mitat Aydin ◽  
Wilfried A. König
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Concrete Corrosion ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volatile Sulfur

Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteus vulgaris, and Serratia marcescens, members of the microflora of soil and waste water, attacked methionine in the presence of glucose. The sulfur of methionine was released as methane thiol, dimethyl sulfide and dim ethyl disulfide. The volatile sulfur com pounds were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated by gas chromatography. Dimethyl disulfide was formed of methane thiol by various bacteria to a different extent. Growing in the presence of oxygen, S. marcescens oxidized most of the m ethane thiol to dim ethyl disulfide. In the presence of glucose. P. fluorescens dissimilated m ethionine with production of m ethane thiol and dimethyl disulfide. The dissimilation was stimulated with decreasing glucose concentration

Use of headspace solid-phase microextraction to characterize odour compounds in subsurface flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
L. Ortiz ◽  
J. García ◽  
P. Aguirre ◽  
R. Mujeriego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Odorous Compounds

A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) preconcentration method was applied to the analysis of some of the major odorous compounds occurring in wastewater using GC/MS or GC/NPD detection. The detection limit for volatile amines, volatile fatty acids, and volatile alkylsulphides ranged from 3 to 100, 2 to 150, and 0.0006 to 0.035 μg/L, respectively. The SPME method was used to examine the fate of odorous compounds in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCW) operated under different hydraulic loading rate (HLR), bed aspect ratio, and granular medium size. Among the experimental conditions evaluated in the SFCW beds, HLR was found to be the most important factor influencing the evolution of the studied compounds. There were also significant differences among bed types in the behaviour of ammonia (NH3), acetic acid (Ac), isovaleric acid (IsoA), propionic acid (PrA), and dimethylsulphide. Aspect ratio and medium granular size were minor factors influencing SFCW performance. The major odour compounds by mass in the effluent of SFCW with different operational conditions were NH3 and Ac. Further removal of these two compounds is considered as very important from the viewpoint of chemical composition. On the other hand, Relative Odour Intensity (ROI: ratio between the absolute concentration to the odour threshold concentration) suggested that PrA and IsoA were the two major compounds responsible for odour intensity. Thus, further removal of these two compounds is viewed as very important for the effluent deodorization, especially for PrA. From our results, this compound appears to be produced by processes occurring in the SFCW.

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