Effectiveness of Manure Pit Additive in Reducing Emissions and Solids

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Cuong Manh Duong ◽  
Haipeng Wang ◽  
Teng-Teeh Lim
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
List Type ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Short Term Experiment

HighlightsA simple design was applied to simulate long-term manure storage for pit additive effectiveness.Odor reduction was observed after six months, suggesting some additives take time to show effects.Low reductions of total solids and volatile solids were observed only for the 200% dosage treatment.Nutrient contents were not affected by the additive during the long-term storage.Abstract. Odor emissions have always been a challenge for intensive animal operations. Various pit additives continue to be developed and improved to mitigate odor and manure solids. A commercial, biological additive was evaluated in a laboratory setting for effectiveness in reducing manure solids as well as gas and odor concentrations. In a short-term experiment (Experiment 1), twelve 3.79-L (1-gal) glass jars were used to mimic semi-long-term manure storage. The experiment was conducted in triplicate with four treatments consisting of dosages of 0, 50%, 100%, and 200% of manufacturer recommendations. The stored manure was analyzed for pH, total solids (TS), and volatile solid (VS) contents, as well as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations. After the additive application method and dosages were verified, a long-term experiment (Experiment 2) was conducted in triplicate by using nine 15-cm (6-in.) ID, 1.52-m (5-ft.) long PVC reactors with different treatments: control, 100%, and 200% dosage. No statistical differences were observed for pH, NH3, and H2S between the control and treatment groups in both experiments. Low reductions of TS and VS were observed only for the 200% dosage group in Experiment 1. Odor concentration, after decimal logarithm transformation, was significantly reduced only at the 200% dosage treatment at the end of Experiment 2 (p < 0.05). Nutrient contents were similar among the groups, which confirmed that the additive did not alter manure nutrients during the long-term treatment period. Keywords: Deep-pit, Manure storage, Microbial activity, Mitigation, Odor.

scholarly journals Treatment with intranasal iloprost reduces disease manifestations in a murine model of previously established COPD

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. L630-L638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Lammi ◽  
Mohamed A. Ghonim ◽  
Kusma Pyakurel ◽  
Amarjit S Naura ◽  
Salome V. Ibba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Short Term Experiment

Pulmonary endothelial prostacyclin appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effect of treatment with a prostacyclin analog in animal models of previously established COPD is unknown. We evaluated the short- and long-term effect of iloprost on inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of COPD. Nineteen mice were exposed to LPS/elastase, followed by either three doses of intranasal iloprost or saline. In the long-term treatment experiment, 18 mice were exposed to LPS/elastase and then received 6 wk of iloprost or were left untreated as controls. In the short-term experiment, iloprost did not change AHR but significantly reduced serum IL-5 and IFN-γ. Long-term treatment with iloprost for both 2 and 6 wk significantly improved AHR. After 6 wk of iloprost, there was a reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) neutrophils, serum IL-1β (30.0 ± 9.2 vs. 64.8 ± 7.4 pg/ml, P = 0.045), IL-2 (36.5 ± 10.6 vs. 83.8 ± 0.4 pg/ml, P = 0.01), IL-10 (75.7 ± 9.3 vs. 96.5 ± 3.5 pg/ml, P = 0.02), and nitrite (15.1 ± 5.4 vs. 30.5 ± 10.7 μmol, P = 0.01). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the lung homogenate was also significantly reduced after iloprost treatment ( P = 0.02), and SMA thickness was reduced in the small and medium blood vessels after iloprost ( P < 0.001). In summary, short- and long-term treatment with intranasal iloprost significantly reduced systemic inflammation in an LPS/elastase COPD model. Long-term iloprost treatment also reduced AHR, serum nitrite, SMA, and BALF neutrophilia. These data encourage future investigations of prostanoid therapy as a novel treatment for COPD patients.

EFFECT OF HEAVY MUSCULAR WORK ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE RAT TESTIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Härkönen ◽  
E. Kontinen ◽  
M. Kormano ◽  
M. Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
List Type ◽  
Muscular Work ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Short Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The effect of short- and long-term muscular work on the Leydig cells of the rat was studied. The rats were allowed to run in a rotating wire cylinder for various periods. The amount of stress was evaluated by the involution of the thymus, ulceration of the gastric mucosa, enlargement of adrenal glands and their lipid and catecholamine contents. After a short-term experiment, periods of 16 + 10 hours' running with rest for 10 hours in between, accessory genital organs were slightly involuted 4 to 8 days following the stress. The testes were histologically and histochemically intact. Similar results were obtained after a long-term experiment, comprising continuous daily running for 10 hours over a period of 12 days. In a progressive long-term experiment, viz. daily running until exhaustion for 14 days, temporary degeneration of the Leydig cells occurred: the percentage of interstitial tissue and the size of the nuclei of the Leydig cells diminished and the number of degenerating Leydig cells significantly increased. Oxidative enzyme activity was markedly suppressed. DPN-diaphorase and β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity were very markedly decreased. The involution of the accessory genital organs was more pronounced than in the two former experiments. All these phenomena reverted to normal within ten days. In every experiment the seminiferous tubules remained histologically normal.

scholarly journals Successful long-term use of pioglitazone in Berardinelli–Seip lipodystrophy-associated diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Chaves ◽  
Mariana Chaves ◽  
João Anselmo ◽  
Rui César
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Secondary Failure

Summary Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by the absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue, leptin deficiency and severe metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. The most common mutation occurs in BCSL2 which encodes seipin, a protein involved in adipogenesis. We report a patient with BSCL who was diagnosed with diabetes at 11 years old. He was started on metformin 1000 mg twice daily, which lowered glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to less than 7%. Four months later, HbA1c raised above 7.5%, indicating secondary failure to metformin. Therefore, we added the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) agonist, pioglitazone. Since then and for the last 5 years his HbA1c has been within the normal range. These findings indicate that pioglitazone should be considered as a valid alternative in the treatment of diabetes in BSCL patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first specific report of successful long-term treatment with pioglitazone in a patient with BSCL. Learning points Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a recessive genetic disorder associated with severe insulin resistance and early onset diabetes, usually around puberty. Failure of oral antidiabetic medication occurs within the first years of treatment in BSCL patients. When failure to achieve metabolic control with metformin occurs, pioglitazone may be a safe option, lowering insulin resistance and improving both the metabolic control and lipodystrophic phenotype. Herein we show that pioglitazone can be a safe and efficient alternative in the long-term treatment of BSCL patients with diabetes.

Hypnotherapy is effective in the long-term treatment of functional dyspepsia

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A115-A115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E CALVERT ◽  
L HOUGHTON ◽  
P COOPER ◽  
P WHORWELL
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment

1608: Long-Term Treatment with High Doses of Sildenafil Does Not Up-Regulate the Levels of Phosphodiesterase 5 (Pde5) in the Rat Penis

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 424-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica G. Ferrini ◽  
Eliane G. Valente ◽  
Jacob Rajfer ◽  
Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

Long-Term Treatment Outcomes for Heroin Dependence: The 11-Year Follow-Up of the ATOS Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Marel ◽  
Maree Teesson ◽  
Shane Darke ◽  
Katherine Mills ◽  
Joanne Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Heroin Dependence ◽  
Long Term Treatment
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