Investigation of Optimum Applied Voltage, Liquid Flow Pressure, and Spraying Height for Pesticide Application by Induction Charging

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Appah ◽  
Weidong Jia ◽  
Mingxiong Ou ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Chen Gong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Flow Pressure

Abstract. Superposition of charges to pesticide spray droplets by electrostatic induction principle plays an important role in plant protection. It influences spray droplets characteristics, deposition and wraparound effect on leaf surfaces. Hence, an adoption of optimum parameters combination will improve spraying effectiveness to reduce pesticide wastage and environmental pollution. This article investigated the effect of 0-12 kV applied voltages, 2-4 bar liquid flow pressures, and 20-60 cm spraying height regimes on spray chargeability, droplet sizes, spray swath, and droplets deposition while all other parameters were kept constant. The combined parameters of 12 kV applied voltage, 4 bar liquid flow pressure, and 60 cm spraying height produced maximum charged spray swath (1.98 m) and fine particulate droplet sizes (48.91 µm). However, applied voltage of 12 kV, liquid flow pressure of 4 bar at spraying height of 20 cm yielded maximum chargeability of -1.95×10-3 mC kg-1. Since spraying height influences the extent of pesticide spray coverage, a boom height of 60 cm is suitable for deposition in electrostatic pesticide application at 12 kV charging voltage and 4 bar liquid flow rate. The operation of combined optimum parameters took reference from a uniform plant height surface during spraying. Hitherto, the study would help farmers to select suitable electrostatic spraying parameters for pesticide application in plant protection. Keywords: Applied voltage, Charge-mass ratio, Droplet sizes, Liquid flow rate, Spray pressure, Spray swath.

Experimental Investigation of Flow Blurring Atomizer at Near Field Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Murugan ◽  
Dhanalakshmi Sellan ◽  
Pankaj S. Kolhe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Spray Droplets

Abstract Two-fluid flow blurring atomization is characterized by the backflow recirculation of the air phase in the liquid pipe by bifurcation of the liquid and airflow. Most of the primary spray process is completed in the injector due to the penetration of air into the liquid tube. Thus, the majority of the liquid ligaments are converted into a fine spray at the outlet of the nozzle. Experiments were performed with two different air to liquid ratios (0.6 and 1) by mass, where water is considered as the liquid and airflow was kept constant (0.2 g/s). To change the ALR, the liquid flow rate was changed. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) diagnostic technique provides the full-field velocity of the spray droplets (discrete phase). It may be noted that sprays are self-seeded and PIV measurements reflect the droplet velocities instead of air velocity. To understand the effect of the spatial resolution of PIV on spray droplet velocity; experiments were conducted at three different spatial resolutions (11.8, 16.4 and 23.22 μm/pixel) for each ALR. As the ALR is increased, the mass of the liquid in the spray decreases, resulting in finer atomization and velocity of the spray droplets. This means that finer droplets are generated for the same mass of air at a lower liquid flow rate as compared to higher liquid flow rate. Note that Reynolds stresses provide an indication of the turbulent breakup of the droplet and larger magnitudes observed for higher ALR indicate finer atomization.

Effects of Operating Parameters on the Efficacy of Engineered Water Nanostructures (EWNS) in Inactivating Escherichia coli on Stainless-Steel Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1913-1920
Author(s):  
Yuchen Si ◽  
Yingjie Yang ◽  
Myra Martel ◽  
Brooke Thompson ◽  
Bernardo Predicala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
E Coli

HighlightsThe efficacy of EWNS to disinfect surfaces was assessed at a bacterial concentration similar to pig barns.Liquid pH, liquid conductivity, and applied voltage were found to directly affect the efficacy of EWNS.The efficacy increased as liquid flow rate and distance between needle tip and counter electrode decreased.An E. coli reduction of 3.0 log was achieved on a stainless-steel surface after 15 min exposure to EWNS.Abstract. Several studies have shown the potential of engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) generated using a capillary electrospray system to inactivate foodborne bacteria; however, there is a lack of data on EWNS performance in inactivating microbes in livestock facilities. Thus, this laboratory-scale study investigated the effects of operating conditions on the efficacy of EWNS in inactivating Escherichia coli (E. coli) on coupons made of stainless steel, a common surface material in pig barns, at a bacterial concentration similar to levels found on pig barn surfaces. The electrospray module was composed of a capillary needle that was connected to a high-voltage power supply. The efficacy of the technology in inactivating E. coli was assessed with various operating parameters (i.e., applied voltage, distance between needle tip and counter electrode, and liquid flow rate, pH, and conductivity). The efficacy of the EWNS was found to be directly related to the liquid pH, liquid conductivity, and applied voltage, but inversely related to the liquid flow rate and distance between the needle tip and counter electrode. An E. coli reduction of 3.0 log was obtained after 15 min exposure to EWNS under the following operating conditions: liquid flow rate of 1 µL min-1, pH of 12, liquid conductivity of 14.72 mS cm-1, 2 cm distance between the needle tip and counter electrode, and -7.6 kV applied voltage. The results of this study can serve as an initial basis for the application of EWNS on surfaces in a real barn environment, where the presence of other factors, such as gases, dust, and other organic matter and microbial species, must be taken into account. Keywords: Electrospray, Engineered water nanostructures, E. coli, Stainless-steel surface, Surface decontamination.

Absorption of oxygen into solutions of polymers

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Potůček ◽  
Jiří Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Newtonian Liquids

Absorption of oxygen into water and aqueous solutions of poly(acrylamides) was studied in an absorber with a wetted sphere. The effects of changes in the liquid flow rate and the polymer concentration on the liquid side mass transfer coefficient were examined. The results are expressed by correlations between dimensionless criteria modified for non-Newtonian liquids whose flow curve can be described by the Ostwald-de Waele model.

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity on the foam dynamics for EOR application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rudyk ◽  
Sami Al-Khamisi ◽  
Yahya Al-Wahaibi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Total Flow Rate ◽  
Foam Flow

AbstractFactors limiting foam injection for EOR application are exceptionally low rock permeability and exceedingly high salinity of the formation water. In this regard, foam formation using internal olefin sulfonate is investigated over a wide salinity range (1, 5, 8, 10, and 12% NaCl) through 10 mD limestone. The relationships between pressure drop (dP), apparent viscosity, liquid flow rate, total flow rate, salinity, foam texture, and length of foam drops at the outlet used as an indicator of viscosity are studied. Foaming is observed up to 12% NaCl, compared to a maximum of 8% NaCl in similar core-flooding experiments with 50 mD limestone and 255 mD sandstone. Thus, the salinity limit of foam formation has increased significantly due to the low permeability, which can be explained by the fact that the narrow porous system acts like a membrane with smaller holes. Compared to the increasing dP reported for highly permeable rocks, dP linearly decreases in almost the entire range of gas fraction (fg) at 1–10% NaCl. As fg increases, dP at higher total flow rate is higher at all salinities, but the magnitude of dP controls the dependence of apparent viscosity on total flow rate. Low dP is measured at 1% and 10% NaCl, and high dP is measured at 5, 8, and 12% NaCl. In the case of low dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at higher total flow rate with increasing gas fraction, but similar at two total flow rates with increasing liquid flow rate. In the case of high dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at lower total flow rate, both with an increase in the gas fraction and with an increase in the liquid flow rate. A linear correlation is found between dP or apparent viscosity and liquid flow rate, which defines it as a governing factor of foam flow and can be considered when modeling foam flow.

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows on Wetted Walls

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Iso ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Transition ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wall Flows ◽  
Rivulet Flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flows on the wall like liquid film flows, which are the so-called wetted wall flows, are observed in many industrial processes such as absorption, desorption, distillation and others. For the optimum design of packed columns widely used in those kind of processes, the accurate predictions of the details on the wetted wall flow behavior in packing elements are important, especially in order to enhance the mass transfer between the gas and liquid and to prevent flooding and channeling of the liquid flow. The present study focused on the effects of the change of liquid flow rate and the wall surface texture treatments on the characteristics of wetted wall flows which have the drastic flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow. In this paper, the three-dimensional gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation by using the volume of fluid (VOF) model is applied into wetted wall flows. Firstly, as one of new interesting findings in this paper, present results showed that the hysteresis of the flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow arose against the increasing or decreasing stages of the liquid flow rate. It was supposed that this transition phenomenon depends on the history of flow pattern as the change of curvature of interphase surface which leads to the surface tension. Additionally, the applicability and accuracy of the present numerical simulation were validated by using the existing experimental and theoretical studies with smooth wall surface. Secondary, referring to the texture geometry used in an industrial packing element, the present simulations showed that surface texture treatments added on the wall can improve the prevention of liquid channeling and can increase the wetted area.

New approach to maintaining liquid flow rate stability in national primary standard

2021 ◽  
pp. 101930
Author(s):  
N.I. Mikheev ◽  
V.M. Molochnikov ◽  
D.V. Kratirov ◽  
O.A. Dushina ◽  
A.A. Paereliy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
New Approach ◽  
National Primary Standard

The ukrainian state standard for the liquid flow rate unit

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
V. B. Bol’shakov ◽  
N. I. Kosach
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate

Simulation of Liquid-Gas Replacement in Commissioning Process for Large-Slope Crude Oil Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Shaojun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Oil Pipeline

Pipeline commissioning, which is a key link from engineering construction to production operation, is aim to fill an empty pipe by injecting water or oil to push air out of it. For a large-slope crude oil pipeline with great elevation differences, air is fairly easy to entrap at downward inclined parts. The entrapped air, which is also called air pocket, will cause considerable damage on pumps and pipes. The presence of it may also bring difficulties in tracking the location of the liquid head or the interface between oil and water. It is the accumulated air that needed to be exhausted in time during commissioning. This paper focuses on the simulation of liquid-gas replacement in commissioning process that only liquid flow rate exists while gas stays stagnant in the pipe and is demanded to be replaced by liquid. Few previous researches have been found yet in this area. Consequently, the flow in a V-section pipeline consisted of a downhill segment and a subsequent uphill one is used here for studying both the formation and exhaustion behaviors of the intake air. The existing two-fluid model and simplified non-pressure wave model for gas-liquid stratified flow are applied to performance the gas formation and accumulation. The exhausting process is deemed to be a period in which the elongated bubble (Taylor bubble) is fragmented into dispersed small bubbles. A mathematical model to account for gas entrainment into liquid slug is proposed, implemented and incorporated in a computational procedure. By taking into account the comprehensive effects of liquid flow rate, fluid properties, surface tension, and inclination angle, the characteristics of the air section such as the length, pressure and mass can be calculated accurately. The model was found to show satisfactory predictions when tested in a pipeline. The simulation studies can provide theoretical support and guidance for field engineering application, which are meanwhile capable of helping detect changes in parameters of gas section. Thus corresponding control measures can be adopted timely and appropriately in commissioning process.

Liquid Flow Rate Distribution in Trickle Bed with Non-Uniformly Packed Structure.

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisen Li ◽  
Yoshiyuki Bando ◽  
Kenji Suzuki ◽  
Keiji Yasuda ◽  
Masaaki Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Trickle Bed
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