Design and Evaluation of Tea-Plucking Machine for Improving Quality of Tea

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Ru Hong Xiao ◽  
Yu Zhi Song ◽  
Qin Wen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cosine Law

Abstract. Tea harvesting has always been tedious work. Tea harvesting mechanization is still incomplete in most tea-planting areas. To improve the mechanization of tea plucking, this article introduces a self-propelled track-type tea-plucking machine which mainly consists of a track chassis, an elevator system, a cutting system, and a transmission system. In this article, the structure and functions of the main parts of the self-propelled tea-plucking machine are introduced in detail. Additionally, the rigid body motion model was established. Next, orthogonal experiments (the factors were travel speed and the speed ratio of cutting to traveling) were conducted with three factor levels, and to choose the optimal factor level combination, fuzzy synthesize evaluation was conducted on the results of the orthogonal experiments. The motion model showing that the cutter moves in a cosine law and that the inertia force of the drive shaft and blades also move in a cosine law while working. The experiment reveals that (1) both travel speed and speed ratio of cutting to traveling have a significant effect on the quality (integrity rate, unpicking rate, stubble unevenness) of plucked tea leaves, and (2) the interaction affects only the integrity rate. The fuzzy synthesize evaluation indicates that the optimal factors are as follows: the cutting speed is 0.3 m/s, and the speed ratio of cutting to traveling is 1.0. With this set of parameters, the plucking integrity increased by 20% compared with Japan’s ride-on-type tea-plucking machine. This research made considerable progress in the mechanization of tea plucking, which reduces the cost for employing pickers, enhances the earnings of farmers by improving the quality and price of tea, and supports the sustainable development of tea industry. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Experiment, Fuzzy synthesize evaluation, Harvest, Hydraulic, Tea.

scholarly journals The Model of Vehicle and Route Selection for Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Olga Lingaitienė ◽  
Juozas Merkevičius ◽  
Vida Davidavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Source Use

The World Bank, United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and others are in line with the governments of countries that are strongly interested in the sustainable development of countries, regions, and enterprises. One of the aspects that affects the indicators and prospects of sustainable development is the efficiency of energy source use. Nationwide reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions of motor vehicles could have a direct effect on ambient temperature and reducing the effects of global warming, which can affect future environmental, societal, and economic development. Significant reductions in fuel consumption can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of use, and the performance, of current cargo vehicles. This aspect is directly related to cargo delivery systems and supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. The article solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of cargo delivery and proposes a model that would minimize transportation costs that are directly related to fuel consumption, shortening transportation time. The model addresses the problem of a lack of models evaluating the efficiency of cargo to Lithuania that is using several different modes of transportation. For the solution to this problem, the article examines the complexity of the rational use of land and water vehicles depending on the type of cargo transported, the technical capabilities of the vehicles (loading, speed, environmental pollution, fuel consumption, etc.), and the type (cars, railways, ships). The novelty of the findings is based on the availability to select the most appropriate vehicles, on a case-by-case basis, from the available options, depending on their environmental performance and energy efficiency. This model, later in this article, is used for calculations of Lithuanian companies for selecting the most rational vehicle by identifying the most appropriate route, as well as assessing the dynamics of the economic and physical indicators. The model allows for creating dependencies between the main indicators characterizing the transport process—the cost, the time of transport, and the safety, taking into account the dynamics of economic and physical indicators, that lead to a very important issue—reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and services.

scholarly journals Roughing Milling with Ceramic Tools in Comparison with Sintered Carbide on Nickel-Based Alloys

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Pablo Fernández-Lucio ◽  
Octavio Pereira Neto ◽  
Gaizka Gómez-Escudero ◽  
Francisco Javier Amigo Fuertes ◽  
Asier Fernández Valdivielso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Ceramic Tools ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Coated Carbide ◽  
Milling Tools

Productivity in the manufacture of aircrafts components, especially engine components, must increase along with more sustainable conditions. Regarding machining, a solution is proposed to increase the cutting speed, but engines are made with very difficult-to-cut alloys. In this work, a comparison between two cutting tool materials, namely (a) cemented carbide and (b) SiAlON ceramics, for milling rough operations in Inconel® 718 in aged condition was carried out. Furthermore, both the influence of coatings in cemented carbide milling tools and the cutting speed in the ceramic tools were analysed. All tools were tested until the end of their useful life. The cost performance ratio was used to compare the productivity of the tested tools. Despite the results showing higher durability of the coated carbide tool, the ceramic tools presented a better behavior in terms of productivity at higher speed. Therefore, ceramic tools should be used for higher productivity demands, while coated carbide tools for low speed-high volume material removal.

Conclusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
James Leigland
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

For reasons discussed in preceding chapters, public–private partnerships (PPPs) are unlikely to have major positive impacts on achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or on the provision of transformational regional infrastructure, as envisioned by the G20. PPPs will continue to play modest but still important roles in the cost-effective provision of infrastructure service in many developing countries, as long as they are well structured, appropriately supported, and carefully monitored and evaluated. But PPPs made sustainable with large measures of concessional finance will do a disservice in the developing world if they distract from the fact that the fundamental causes of poor infrastructure service delivery in developing countries have very little to do with the availability of private investment. Those causes involve things like government policies, institutions, technical capacity, as well as the political economy realities of these countries and their relationships with development partners

Study on Machining of Cracking Notches for Automotive Connecting Rod Using WEDM

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Tang ◽  
Yuan Bo Li ◽  
Yong Jun Zhang ◽  
Chun Qiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Electric Discharge Machine ◽  
Fracture Splitting ◽  
Discharge Machine ◽  
Wire Electric Discharge Machine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Splitting Process

In order to resolve the problem of connecting rod notches machining, a new process of WEDM (Wire Electric Discharge Machine) has been presented, and it is greatly possible that expensive laser process can be replaced by WEDM in virtue of its unique advantages. Firstly, process parameters of notch have been analyzed, and project of machining notch using WEDM has been introduced, including measures to achieve good-quality notch. The relationship between cutting speed and power supply parameters has been investigated, and it is discovered that micro-crackle on bottom of notch are greatly effect to fracture splitting process, also new idea of active controlling micro-crackle has been presented. Finally, fracture splitting machining has been carried out. The cost and entrance standard of fracture splitting process are greatly dropped owing to new breakthrough of machining notch using WEDM.

Life Prediction of Cutting Tool by the Workpiece Cutting Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemia Gomes de Mattos de Mesquita ◽  
José Eduardo Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Arimatea Quaresma Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
The Cost

Stops to exchange cutting tool, to set up again the tool in a turning operation with CNC or to measure the workpiece dimensions have direct influence on production. The premature removal of the cutting tool results in high cost of machining, since the parcel relating to the cost of the cutting tool increases. On the other hand the late exchange of cutting tool also increases the cost of production because getting parts out of the preset tolerances may require rework for its use, when it does not cause bigger problems such as breaking of cutting tools or the loss of the part. Therefore, the right time to exchange the tool should be well defined when wanted to minimize production costs. When the flank wear is the limiting tool life, the time predetermination that a cutting tool must be used for the machining occurs within the limits of tolerance can be done without difficulty. This paper aims to show how the life of the cutting tool can be calculated taking into account the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut), workpiece material, power of the machine, the dimensional tolerance of the part, the finishing surface, the geometry of the cutting tool and operating conditions of the machine tool, once known the parameters of Taylor algebraic structure. These parameters were raised for the ABNT 1038 steel machined with cutting tools of hard metal.

scholarly journals Acceleration Signal Processing Method of Impact Response of Floating Shock Platform Based on Rigid Body Motion Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wenqi Zhang ◽  
Xiongliang Yao ◽  
Zhikai Wang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Heng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Rigid Body ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rigid Body Motion ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Acceleration Signal

Floating shock platform is generally used to test the antishock performance of large shipboard equipment. Shock acceleration signal will produce zero-shift phenomenon in the test measurement process, which will affect the subsequent shock response spectrum analysis. In this paper, a method of shock acceleration signal processing based on rigid body motion revision model is established. The rigid body motion revision model adopts the theory of ship’s seakeeping based on the hypothesis of KrylovFroude, in which the shock wave load of underwater explosion adopts the empirical formula. The bubble pulsation load adopts the GeersHunter spherical bubble model. The empirical mode decomposition method is used to eliminate the trend term of the low-frequency part of the acceleration signal, and the frequency filtering technology is used to eliminate the noise of the high frequency part. The response estimated by the rigid body motion model is used to modify the measured signal. The modified signal is analyzed by shock response spectrum to get the round design spectrum. The validity of the signal is determined by the Pauta criterion. Finally, the shock environment statistics of the whole platform is given. This method can eliminate the low-frequency trend term and high frequency noise and has good robustness. It can be applied to many kinds of signals. This method can provide technical support for antishock performance of shipboard equipment and also applied to other shock signal processing fields.

Model for Economic Optimization of the Tool Life and the Cutting Speed at Drilling of the Steel X5CrNiMo17-12-2

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Iacob ◽  
Ovidiu Blăjină ◽  
Aurelian Vlase
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Manufacturing Activity ◽  
Nonlinear Programming Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

In the specialized literature the cost of the machining process has been analyzed using a number of approaches and varying degrees of simplification to determine the optimum tool life and the tool speed. The accuracy of prediction is dependent on the degree of sophistication of the model. The purpose of this paper is the optimization of the cutting tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in terms of the minimum machining cost. A more comprehensive nonlinear programming model to minimize the total cost at the drilling of a stainless steel is developed in this paper. The optimum tool life and the associated tool speed are obtained by solving this model. The results can be taken into consideration in the educational studies and in the theoretical technical research. They can be implemented in the manufacturing activity.

Dynamics of axisymmetric bodies rising along a zigzag path

2008 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO C. FERNANDES ◽  
PATRICIA ERN ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC RISSO ◽  
JACQUES MAGNAUDET
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Transverse Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Inertia Force

The forces and torques governing the planar zigzag motion of thick, slightly buoyant disks rising freely in a liquid at rest are determined by applying the generalized Kirchhoff equations to experimental measurements of the body motion performed for a single body-to-fluid density ratio ρs/ρf ≈ 1. The evolution of the amplitude and phase of the various contributions is discussed as a function of the two control parameters, i.e. the body aspect ratio (the diameter-to-thickness ratio χ = d/h ranges from 2 to 10) and the Reynolds number (100 < Re < 330), Re being based on the rise velocity and diameter of the body. The body oscillatory behaviour is found to be governed by the force balance along the transverse direction and the torque balance. In the transverse direction, the wake-induced force is mainly balanced by two forces that depend on the body inclination, i.e. the inertia force generated by the body rotation and the transverse component of the buoyancy force. The torque balance is dominated by the wake-induced torque and the restoring added-mass torque generated by the transverse velocity component. The results show a major influence of the aspect ratio on the relative magnitude and phase of the various contributions to the hydrodynamic loads. The vortical transverse force scales as fo = (ρf − ρs)ghπd2 whereas the vortical torque involves two contributions, one scaling as fod and the other as f1d with f1 = χfo. Using this normalization, the amplitudes and phases of the vortical loads are made independent of the aspect ratio, the amplitudes evolving as (Re/Rec1 − 1)1/2, where Rec1 is the threshold of the first instability of the wake behind the corresponding body held fixed in a uniform stream.

Calculation of Rigid-Body Motion of Integrated Raft Isolation System

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Lv ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Chang Geng Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Rigid Body Motion ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Rigid Body Mode ◽  
Mode Behavior ◽  
Elastic Couplings ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

Integrated raft isolation system (IRIS) has some advantages over raft system of much smaller scale, such as higher isolation efficiency, less use of elastic couplings, etc. But the calculation of IRIS’s dynamic characteristics is complex. Finite element method usually adopted by raft designers is inefficient due to the iterative nature of design process. In this paper a six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body motion model is presented to calculate the static，quasi-static and rigid-body mode behavior of IRIS. The model is especially suitable to compare different design schemes and select out feasible ones efficiently at the initial design stage of IRIS.

scholarly journals Trends of grapeproduction by main producers in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
M. Dmytruk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Production Program ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Cost

To ensure the development of agricultural production in modern conditions, it is necessary to pay more attention to nontraditional spheres of activity and production. One of these forms is viticulture. In the article the present state of grape production development in agricultural enterprise sisconsidered. Focuse dattention to there levance of the issue under investigation and itssignifican cein the agricultural production system. The maintendenciesof development of are asundervineyards, productivity and grosscollection of grapesin agricultural enterprises are determined. It is noted that agricultural enterprises devote much less attention to the development of grape production and horticultureprivate households and users of other categories.It has been established that the area of vineyards are decreasing (even without taking into account producers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea), the yield is low. Reducing of land area under vineyards in agricultural enterprises and reducing their productivity has led to a reduction in the volume of grape production.One of the reasons of this situation is that viticulture is a highly capital intensive industry that requires significant investments. For the last years there was a rise in prices, a depreciation of the national currency and some other negative factors that negatively affected the ability of commodity producers to effectively provide the need for funds to carry out the production program. Consequently, enterprises reduced the use of productive resources, which negatively affected the yield of grapes.The main problems for solving this problem are the high capital intensity of the industry, significant amounts of initial investment for the production of grapes, obsolete production technologies, difficulties with the marketing of the resulting products.To ensure the effective development of grape production, it is necessary to pay more attention to the improvement of the organization of the system of sales of the ready products. There are two important problems in grape production sphere – low buying ability of most consumers and competitiveness of grape production. On the basis of the researches, the directions of effective development of grape production are offered. The solution of these issues requires attention from the governmental authorities: the development of appropriate support and development programs, the full or partial compensation of the cost of laying vineyards, the purchase of the necessary equipment for the care, harvesting and processing of grapes. The combination of efforts of state institutions and agricultural producers will ensure the sustainable development of viticulture in Ukraine.The research was carried out using a number of economic, mathematical and statistical methods. With the help of the dialectical method, the current state of development of grape production was explored and illuminated; the economic and statistical method is used to assess the dynamics of the industry's development; method of expert assessments and abstract-logical – in substantiating the main directions of ensuring the effective development of grape production in agricultural enterprises. Key words: development, production, grape, agricultural enterprises, competitiveness, viticulture, trends.

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