Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity from Organophosphorus Pesticide Formulations: Litter Size and Low Fetal Weight

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gomes ◽  
S. V. Anilal ◽  
O. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Pesticide Formulations

Semiautomated analysis of granular organophosphorus pesticide formulations

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted D. Talbott ◽  
Jerry C. Cavagnol ◽  
C. Fred Smead ◽  
R. Thomas Evans
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Pesticide Formulations

Statistical model for fetal death, fetal weight, and malformation in developmental toxicity studies

Teratology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Catalano ◽  
Daniel O. Scharfstein ◽  
Louise M. Ryan ◽  
Carole A. Kimmel ◽  
Gary L. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Relationship between fetal weight and malformation in developmental toxicity studies

Teratology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Ryan ◽  
Paul J. Catalano ◽  
Carole A. Kimmel ◽  
Gary L. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Toxicity Studies

ELEVATING MATERNAL INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I IN MICE AND RATS ALTERS THE PATTERN OF FETAL GROWTH BY REMOVING MATERNAL CONSTRAINT

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R3 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Gluckman ◽  
P.C.H. Morel ◽  
G.R. Ambler ◽  
B.H. Breier ◽  
H.T. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Igf I

ABSTRACT Fetal growth is normally constrained by maternal factors. This constraint is demonstrated by the usual inverse linear relationship between litter size and mean fetal weight. Cross-breeding experiments between mice of lines selected for high or low plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) levels suggested that elevations in maternal IGF-I abolish (P <0.01) this constraining effect and reverse the usual positive relationship between fetal and placental size in late gestation. This was confirmed by treating mice and rats throughout pregnancy with IGF-I. In normal mice and in low IGF-I line mice treatment with IGF-I 10μg 8-hourly s.c. from day 1 to 19 of pregnancy) abolished maternal constraint whereas 0.9% (w/v) NaCl treatment did not. In Wistar rats osmotic pumps were implanted to deliver IGF-I (1μg/g body weight per day), bovine GH (bGH; 0.6μg/g body weight per day) or saline from day 1 to 19 of pregnancy. IGF-I therapy but not bGH or saline abolished (P < 0.01) maternal constraint and altered (P <0.01) the relationship between placental and fetal weight. When high or low IGF-I line mice embryos were transplanted into a normal line of mice, the expected negative relationship (P <0.05) between mean fetal weight and litter size was maintained. However the embryos of the high line were heavier (P <0.05) than those from the low line irrespective of fetal number, suggesting a direct role for IGF-I in the regulation of fetal growth. Thus both endogenous and exogenous elevations in maternal IGF-I indirectly promote fetal growth either by altering nutrient delivery to the placenta or by affecting placental function.

Relationship between fetal weight and litter size in rats: Application to reproductive toxicology studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A ROMERO ◽  
F VILLAMAYOR ◽  
M GRAU ◽  
A SACRISTAN ◽  
J ORTIZ
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Reproductive Toxicology
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