Spatial Variability of Hydraulic Conductivity and Sodium Content of Desert Soils: Implications for Management of Irrigation Using Treated Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1711-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Adhikari ◽  
M. K. Shukla ◽  
J. G. Mexal
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Desert Soils

Spatial Variability of Contaminant Transport in a Fractured Till, Avedøre Denmark

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 333-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry McKay ◽  
Johnny Fredericia ◽  
Melissa Lenczewski ◽  
Jørn Morthorst ◽  
Knud Erik S. Klint
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Downward Migration ◽  
Rapid Transport ◽  
High Degree

A field experiment shows that rapid downward migration of solutes and microorganisms can occur in a fractured till. A solute tracer, chloride, and a bacteriophage tracer, PRD-1, were added to groundwater and allowed to infiltrate downwards over a 4 × 4 m area. Chloride was detected in horizontal filters at 2.0 m depth within 3-40 days of the start of the tracer test, and PRD-1 was detected in the same filters within 0.27 - 27 days. At 2.8 m depth chloride appeared in all the filters, but PRD-1 appeared in only about one-third of the filters. At 4.0 m depth chloride appeared in about one-third of the filters and trace amounts of PRD-1 were detected in only 2 of the 36 filters. Transport rates and peak tracer concentrations decreased with depth, but at each depth there was a high degree of variability. The transport data is generally consistent with expectations based on hydraulic conductivity measurements and on the observed density of fractures and biopores, both of which decrease with depth. Transport of chloride was apparently retarded by diffusion into the fine-grained matrix between fractures, but the rapid transport of PRD-1, with little dispersion, indicates that it was transported mainly through the fractures.

EFFECT OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ON WATER TABLE DRAWDOWN

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
S. O. Prasher ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
A. K. Maheshwari ◽  
R. S. Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Table

scholarly journals Experimental investigation to characterize simple versus multi scaling analysis of hydraulic conductivity at a mesoscale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Federico Antonio Brunetti ◽  
Samuele De Bartolo ◽  
Carmine Fallico ◽  
Ferdinando Frega ◽  
Maria Fernanda Rivera Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Porous Formation ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe spatial variability of the aquifers' hydraulic properties can be satisfactorily described by means of scaling laws. The latter enable one to relate the small (typically laboratory) scale to the larger (typically formation/regional) ones, therefore leading de facto to an upscaling procedure. In the present study, we are concerned with the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity K into a strongly heterogeneous porous formation. A strategy, allowing one to identify correctly the single/multiple scaling of K, is applied for the first time to a large caisson, where the medium was packed. In particular, we show how to identify the various scaling ranges with special emphasis on the determination of the related cut-off limits. Finally, we illustrate how the heterogeneity enhances with the increasing scale of observation, by identifying the proper law accounting for the transition from the laboratory to the field scale. Results of the present study are of paramount utility for the proper design of pumping tests in formations where the degree of spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity does not allow regarding them as “weakly heterogeneous”, as well as for the study of dispersion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Schacht ◽  
Bernd Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

Phytotoxic Effects of Treated Wastewater Used for Agricultural Irrigation On Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sare Asli ◽  
Nedal Massalha ◽  
Muhamad Hugerat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Physical Effects

Abstract AimsTo determine the effects of treated wastewater (TWW) and dialyzed TWW (DTWW) through dialysis tube with a cut-off at 6000-8000 Da, on the water transport characteristics of maize seedlings (Zea mays L). MethodsLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of TWW on the hydraulic conductivity of excised roots. Moreover, the effect on transpiration, plant growth, root cell permeability and on the plant fresh and dry weight was determined. ResultsPressurized water flow through the excised primary roots was reduced by 25%-52%, within 90 min of exposure to TWW or DTWW. In hydroponics, DTWW affected root elongation severely by 58 %, while cell-wall pore sizes of same roots were little reduced (by 6%). Additionally, the exposure to TWW or DTWW caused inhibition of both leaf growth rate by (26%-70%) and transpiration by (14%-64%). While in soil growth, the plant fresh and dry weight was also significantly affected but not with secondary DTWW. Conclusions These impacts appeared simultaneously to involve phytotoxic and physical clogging impacts. First, the inhibition in hydraulic conductivity through live roots (phytotoxic and physical effects) after exposure to secondary DTWW was by 22%, while through killed roots accepted after hot alcohol disruption of cell membranes (physical effects only); was only by 14%. Second, although DTWW affected root elongation severely by 58%, cell-wall pore sizes of same roots were little reduced by 6%. We conclude that large molecules, such as polypeptides, remained after the dialysis process, may have produced hormone-like activity that affected root water permeability.

Identifying Covariates to Assess the Spatial Variability of Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity Using Robust Cokriging at the Watershed Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1491-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Fornalski Soares ◽  
Luana Nunes Centeno ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Carlos Rogério Mello ◽  
Douglas Rodrigo Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Hydraulic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document