Runoff Nutrient Loads as Affected by Residue Cover, Manure Application Rate, and Flow Rate

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Thayer ◽  
J. E. Gilley ◽  
L. M. Durso ◽  
D. B. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Manure Application

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.

Runoff Phosphorus Loss Immediately after Poultry Manure Application as Influenced by the Application Rate and Tillage

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Kaiser ◽  
Antonio P. Mallarino ◽  
Mazhar U. Haq ◽  
Brett L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Phosphorus Loss

scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Nozzle Configuration ◽  
Composition Process

COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho descreve um procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores que operam com dois bocais. Foram determinados na bancada de ensaios de aspersores da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras/MG, os valores de vazão e perfil radial do aspersor PLONA-RL250 operando, individualmente, com os bocais principais 14 e28 mme com os bocais auxiliares 5, 6 e7 mm, e operando, nas diferentes seis combinações de bocal auxiliar e principal do aspersor, sob cinco pressões de serviço (292, 392, 490, 588 e 696 kPa). No processo de composição do perfil radial realizado, ajustando a vazão dos bocais auxiliar e principal, operando individualmente, a vazão do aspersor operando com o conjunto de bocais auxiliar e principal, verificou-se um coeficiente de determinação médio de 88,57% entre as intensidades de precipitação adimensionais dos perfis radiais compostos com os perfis radiais do conjunto. Na relação linear, ajustada, entre os valores de uniformidade de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação, obtidos com os perfis radiais compostos e do conjunto, a inclinação da reta foi igual a 44°12’com um erro relativo médio de 2,34%. Estes resultados mostram que o procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores não influencia, de maneira significativa, na uniformidade de aplicação de água de aspersores. UNITERMOS: bocais do aspersor, vazão do aspersor, uniformidade de irrigação.  PRADO, G. DO; COLOMBO, A. SPRINKLER WATER DISTRIBUTION COMPOSITIONS  2 ABSTRACT This paper described a procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for a sprinkler that operates with two nozzles. To compose the pattern, discharge values and patterns of the PLONA-RL250 sprinkler were determined at the sprinkler test bench of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras/MG. The tests were conducted with all possible combinations using 14mm and28 mmmain nozzles and the 5, 6 and7 mmauxiliary nozzles as well as with each nozzle functioning individually. Five working pressures (294, 392, 490, 588 and 686 kPa) were used for each nozzle configuration. In the pattern composition process, by adjusting the main and auxiliary nozzle discharges operating individually, and by adjusting  the sprinkler discharge operating with the corresponding pair of main and auxiliary nozzles, it was verified that the average determination coefficient was 88.57% between the dimensionless water application rate of the composed and pair patterns. In the adjusted linear relation, between the uniformity values of a travel irrigation machine obtained from the composed and pair patterns, the inclination was 44° 12' with an average relative error of 2.34%. These results show that the procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for sprinklers does not influence significantly the water application uniformity of sprinklers. KEY WORDS: sprinkler nozzles, sprinkler flow rate, irrigation uniformity

Aerating Grassland before Manure Application Reduces Runoff Nutrient Loads in a High Rainfall Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. P. van Vliet ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
G. Derksen ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
High Rainfall

scholarly journals Calibration of Stainless Steel-edged V-Notch Weir Stop Logs for Water Level Control Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-749
Author(s):  
L. E. Christianson ◽  
R. D. Christianson ◽  
A. E. Lipka ◽  
S. Bailey ◽  
J. Chandrasoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract. Dependable flow rate measurements are necessary to calculate flow volumes and resulting nutrient loads from subsurface drainage systems and associated conservation practices. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop appropriate weir equations for a new stainless steel-edged 45° V-notch weir developed for AgriDrain inline water level control structures and (2) to determine if the equation was independent of flow depth in the structure. Weirs for 15 cm (6 in.) and 25 cm (10 in.) inline water level control structures were placed at three heights in each structure: at the base, 48 cm from the base, or 97 cm from the base, and the height of the nappe above the weir crest was recorded over a range of flow rates. The resulting data were fitted to equations of the form Q = aHb where Q is the flow rate, H is the height of the nappe above the weir crest, and a and b are fitted parameters. There were no significant differences in the fitted parameters across the two structure sizes or across the three weir placements. The fitted equation for these new stainless steel-edged V-notch weirs was Q = 0.011H2.28 with Q in liters per second and H in centimeters, and Q = 1.44H2.28, with Q in gallons per minute and H in inches. These equations can be used for measuring flow through AgriDrain in-line structures, although in-house weir calibration is highly recommended for specific applications, when possible. Keywords: Drainage, Flow monitoring, Subsurface drainage, V-notch weir, Weir calibration.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FARM YARD MANURE APPLICATION RATE ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA) AT JIMMA SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Wendimu Melese
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The current study was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine of Ethiopia to find the effect of farm yard manure application rate on yield and yield component of lettuce. The experiment was arranged at three levels of farm yard manure (5 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha and 15 ton/ha).  Each treatment was arranged as 1.1 kg, 2.25 kg and 3.3 kg/1.5 m2as T2, T3 and T4 respectively, and the control (0 kg/1.5 m2) as T1. A total of four treatments have been used. As the experimental tests showed that, farm yard manure with the rate of 3.3kg (15 ton/hek) is highly increased the yield and yield components of lettuce (plant height, leaf size, number of leaf per plant, fresh leaf weight, root depth and number of root per plant. Hence, it is recommended for general cultivation of lettuce under Jimma growing condition. Moreover, as the crop is growing at small scale farmer’s level in Jimma area further studies are needed with regard to the improvement of agronomic practices for lettuce at commercial level cultivation in Jimma and similar agro ecology.

scholarly journals Water distribuition characteristics and soil loss of LEPA Quad-Spray emitter nozzles

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises S. Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz A. Lima ◽  
Alberto Colombo ◽  
Ana C. D. M. Caldeira ◽  
Fabio H. de S. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Pattern Width

The objective of this study was to characterize water application rate, water application pattern width, flow rate, water distribution uniformity and soil loss caused by nozzles of the Low Energy Precision Aplication (LEPA) type Quad-Spray emitter. The study was carried out at the Hydraulic and Irrigation Laboratory of the Department of Engineering at the Federal University of Lavras, in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais - MG, Brazil. Twenty-two (22) LEPA Quad-Spray emitter nozzles were evaluated, with nozzle diameter ranging from 1.59 to 9.92 mm. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, with three replications.Increasing values of nozzle flow rate ranging from 77.44 up to 3,044 L h-1, were obtained with increasing nozzle diameter sizes. Application pattern width ranged from 0.56 up to 3.24m, according to nozzles diameter size. Low values of CDU (maximum of 35.73%) were observed when using the Quad-Spray nozzles. Observed average water application rates covered the range between 68.05 mm h-1 (the lowest value that was obtained with the 2.38mm nozzle) and 258.15 mm h-1 (the highest value that was observed with the 9.92 mm). Average water application rates increased in a simple non-linear function with the increase of nozzle size diameter. However, the weighted average increase in the amount of soil loss by erosion was not related to the increase of weighted average water application values.

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