Reuse of Wash Water for Cleaning Caged Layer Houses

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 0807-0807
Author(s):  
R. L. Witz ◽  
G. L. Pratt and J. L. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Wash Water

Brownstock washing: A review of the literature

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
PETER W. HART
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Entrapped Air

Brownstock washing is a complex, dynamic process in which dirty wash water or weak black liquor (dissolved organic and inorganic material obtained from the pulp cooking process) is separated from pulp fibers. The use of material balance techniques is of great importance to identify potential problems and determine how well the system is operating. The kraft pulping industry was the first known to combine pulp washing with the recovery of materials used and produced in the wood cooking process. The motivation behind materials recovery is economic, and more recently, environmentally driven. The chemicals used in the kraft process are expensive as compared to those used in the sulfite process. For the kraft process to be economically viable, it is imperative that a very high percentage of the cooking chemicals be recovered. To reach such high efficiency, a variety of washing systems and monitoring parameters have been developed. Antifoam additives and processing aids have also played an important role in increasing washing effectiveness. Antifoam materials help attain washing effectiveness by preventing entrapped air from forming in the system, which allows for an easier, unimpeded flow of filtrate through the screens and washers.

EFFECTS OF USING CONCRETE WASH WATER ON A FEW CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW CONCRETE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Asadollahfardi ◽  
Gholamreza Tahmasabi ◽  
Saviz Mohammad Nabi ◽  
Homa Pouresfandyani ◽  
Seyed Ali Asghar Hossieni
Keyword(s):  
Wash Water

Membrane filtration retentate thickening efficiency using electrolytic ion products instead of chemical coagulants

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
J.Y. Huang ◽  
T. Uchiburi ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Aluminum Anode ◽  
Alkaline Agent ◽  
Iron Anode

Electrolytic coagulation has advantages compared with conventional chemicals coagulation treatment. First of all, the addition of alkaline agent is necessary in chemicals coagulation treatment as the addition of acid agents in coagulation of dense wash water makes pH decline. While not much change of pH is observed with electrolytic coagulation, where alkaline agent is not demanded. Secondly, it is easy to control the dose of additional coagulants. In this study, electrolytic coagulation sedimentation treatment is adopted for membrane retentate from membrane filtration treatment without using coagulants. As electricity can control the addition of coagulation, an automation method is applied in the experiment. The lower the iron as well as aluminum dissolved, the higher the sludge density becomes; especially aluminum has this tendency. It is possible to achieve 400 kg/m3 of condensed sludge density with artificial wash water and more than 80 kg/m3 for real retentate, in terms of electrolytic coagulation of iron anode. The sludge density of aluminum anode is higher, but its filtrate density is lower than iron anode.

scholarly journals Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in produce irrigation and wash water using large-volume sampling techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e00110
Author(s):  
Amy M. Kahler ◽  
Mia C. Mattioli ◽  
Alexandre J. da Silva ◽  
Vincent Hill
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Treatment of tunnel wash water and implications for its disposal

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hallberg ◽  
G. Renman ◽  
L. Byman ◽  
G. Svenstam ◽  
M. Norling
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Road Tunnels

The use of road tunnels in urban areas creates water pollution problems, since the tunnels must be frequently cleaned for traffic safety reasons. The washing generates extensive volumes of highly polluted water, for example, more than fivefold higher concentrations of suspended solids compared to highway runoff. The pollutants in the wash water have an affinity for particulate material, so sedimentation should be a viable treatment option. In this study, 12 in situ sedimentation trials were carried out on tunnel wash water, with and without addition of chemical flocculent. Initial suspended solids concentration ranged from 804 to 9,690 mg/L. With sedimentation times of less than 24 hours and use of a chemical flocculent, it was possible to reach low concentrations of suspended solids (<15 mg/L), PAH (<0.1 μg/L), As (<1.0 μg/L), Cd (<0.05 μg/L), Hg (<0.02 μg/L), Fe (<200 μg/L), Ni (<8 μg/L), Pb (<0.5 μg/L), Zn (<60 μg/L) and Cr (<8 μg/L). Acute Microtox® toxicity, mainly attributed to detergents used for the tunnel wash, decreased significantly at low suspended solids concentrations after sedimentation using a flocculent. The tunnel wash water did not inhibit nitrification. The treated water should be suitable for discharge into recipient waters or a wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals Bacillus aryabhattai TFG5-mediated synthesis of humic substances from coir pith wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iniyakumar Muniraj ◽  
Syed Shameer ◽  
Priyadharshini Ramachandran ◽  
Sivakumar Uthandi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Bacillus Aryabhattai ◽  
Coir Pith ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degree Of Condensation

Abstract Background Humic substances (HS) form the largest proportion among all the constituents of soil organic matter and are a key component of the terrestrial ecosystem. HS plays a multifunctional role in the environment by controlling the biogeochemical carbon cycle, providing nutrients and bio-stimulants for plant growth, and interacting with inorganic and organic pollutants. The rate of formation of HS in soils determines its productivity and carbon sequestration capacity. Enhancement of HS synthesis in the soil through the microbial route not only increases CO2 sequestration but also mitigates the greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. Result In this study, we attempted to understand the mechanism of formation and enhancement of HS from coir pith wastes using the tyrosinase produced by Bacillus aryabhattai TFG5. The bacterium TFG5 isolated from the termite garden produced the tyrosinase (1.34 U mL−1) and laccase (2.1 U mL−1) at 48 h and 60 h of fermentation, respectively. The extracellular tyrosinase from B. aryabhattai TFG5 was designated as TyrB. Homology modeling of TyrB revealed a structure with a predicted molecular mass of 35.23 kDa and two copper ions in the active center with its conserved residues required for the tyrosinase activity. TyrB efficiently transformed and polymerized standard phenols, such as p-cresol, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, Levo DOPA, and 2,6 DMP, besides transforming free phenols in coir pith wash water (CWW). Additionally, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectra of the degradation products of the coir pith treated with TyrB revealed the formation of HS within 3 days of incubation. Furthermore, the E472/664 ratio of the degradation products revealed a higher degree of condensation of the aromatic carbons and the presence of more aliphatic structures in the HS. Conclusion The results confirmed the influence of TyrB for the effective synthesis of HS from coir pith wastes. The results of the present study also confirm the recently accepted theory of humification proposed by the International Humic Substances Society.

Nanophotonic Device in Combination with Bacteriophages for Enhancing Detection Sensitivity of Escherichia coli in Simulated Wash Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (14) ◽  
pp. 2203-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianna Tilton ◽  
Gautom Das ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Nicharee Wisuthiphaet ◽  
Ian M. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Nanophotonic Device
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