Monitoring Shallow Groundwater Nitrogen Loading from Dairy Facilities with Irrigated Forage Crops

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Harter ◽  
Harley Davis ◽  
Marsha C. Mathews ◽  
Roland D. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Groundwater Nitrogen

Shallow groundwater quality on dairy farms with irrigated forage crops

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Harter ◽  
Harley Davis ◽  
Marsha C Mathews ◽  
Roland D Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Forage Crops

Shallow groundwater nitrogen and denitrification in a newly afforested, subirrigated riparian buffer

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Gumiero ◽  
Bruno Boz ◽  
Paolo Cornelio ◽  
Sergio Casella
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Groundwater Nitrogen

scholarly journals A Bayesian Approach to Infer Nitrogen Loading Rates from Crop and Landuse Types Surrounding Private Wells in the Central Valley, California

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Ransom ◽  
Andrew M. Bell ◽  
Quinn E. Barber ◽  
George Kourakos ◽  
Thomas Harter
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Groundwater Age ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Private Wells

Abstract. This study is focused on nitrogen loading from a wide variety of crop and landuse types in the Central Valley, California, USA, an intensively farmed region with high agricultural crop diversity. Nitrogen loading rates for several crop types have been measured based on field scale experiments and recent research has calculated nitrogen loading rates for crops throughout the Central Valley based on a mass balance approach. However, research is lacking to infer nitrogen loading rates for the broad diversity of crop and landuse types directly from groundwater nitrate measurements. Relating groundwater nitrate measurements to specific crops must account for the uncertainty about and multiplicity in contributing crops (and other landuses) to individual well measurements, and also for the variability of nitrogen loading within farms and from farm to farm for the same crop. In this study, we developed a Bayesian regression model that allowed us to estimate crop or other landuse-specific groundwater nitrogen loading rate probability distributions for 15 crop and landuse groups based on a database of recent nitrate measurements from 2149 private wells in the Central Valley. The water & natural, rice, and alfalfa & pasture groups had the lowest median estimated nitrogen loading rates, each with a median estimate below 5 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Confined animal feeding operations (dairies) and citrus & subtropical crops had the greatest median estimated nitrogen loading rates at approximately 269 and 65 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. In general, our probability based estimates compare favorably with previous direct measurements and with mass balance based estimates of nitrogen loading. Nitrogen mass balance based estimates are larger than our groundwater nitrate derived estimates for manured forage crops, nuts, cotton, tree fruit, and rice crops. These discrepancies are thought to be due to groundwater age mixing, dilution from infiltrating river water, or denitrification between the time when nitrogen leaves the root zone (point of reference for mass balance derived loading) and the time and location of groundwater measurement.

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

Effects of integrated cropping and pasture renewal on the performance and profit of dairy farms

2010 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
J.R. Bryant ◽  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
R. Brazendale ◽  
C.W. Holmes ◽  
T.J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Forage Crops

Pasture renewal on the milking platform of dairy farms may or may not involve growing forage crops in the transition from old to new pasture.

The management of risk in a dryland environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
D.I. Gray ◽  
J.I. Reid ◽  
D.J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Upside Risk

A group of 24 Hawke's Bay hill country farmers are working with service providers to improve the resilience of their farming systems. An important step in the process was to undertake an inventory of their risk management strategies. Farmers were interviewed about their farming systems and risk management strategies and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was considerable variation in the strategies adopted by the farmers to cope with a dryland environment. Importantly, these strategies had to cope with three types of drought and also upside risk (better than expected conditions), and so flexibility was critical. Infra-structure was important in managing a dryland environment. Farmers chose between increased scale (increasing farm size) and geographic dispersion (owning a second property in another location) through to intensification (investing in subdivision, drainage, capital fertiliser, new pasture species). The study identified that there may be scope for further investment in infra-structural elements such as drainage, deeper rooting alternative pasture species and water harvesting, along with improved management of subterranean clover to improve flexibility. Many of the farmers used forage crops and idling capacity (reduced stocking rate) to improve flexibility; others argued that maintaining pasture quality and managing upside risk was a better strategy in a dryland environment. Supplementary feed was an important strategy for some farmers, but its use was limited by contour and machinery constraints. A surprisingly large proportion of farmers run breeding cows, a policy that is much less flexible than trading stock. However, several farmers had improved their flexibility by running a high proportion of trading cattle and buffer mobs of ewe hoggets and trade lambs. To manage market risk, the majority of farmers are selling a large proportion of their lambs prime. Similarly, cattle are either sold prime or store onto the grass market when prices are at a premium. However, market risk associated with the purchase of supplements and grazing was poorly managed.

Maize silage and winter crop options to maximise drymatter and energy for NZ dairy systems

2006 ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Densley ◽  
G.M. Austin ◽  
I.D. Williams ◽  
R. Tsimba ◽  
G.O. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Silage Production

Trade-offs in dry matter (DM) and metabolisable energy (ME) between combinations of three maize silage hybrids varying in maturity from 100-113 CRM and six winter forage options were investigated in a Waikato farmer's field over 2 years. Winter crops were triticale, cut once; oats grazed 1-2 times; and Tama and Feast II Italian ryegrass, each cut or grazed 2-3 times. Greatest DM and ME production (38.9 t/ha; 396 GJ/ha) was from a 113 CRM hybrid followed by a single-cut triticale crop. The most economical sources of DM and ME were obtained from a 100 CRM maize hybrid plus grazed oats (11.8 c/ kg; 1.12 c/MJ), while the cheapest ME source among cut winter forages was a 113 CRM maize hybrid + triticale (1.18 c/MJ). Reliable annual silage production of 30 t DM/ha and 330 GJ ME/ha (or 3000 kg MS/ha) is possible using a late maturing maize hybrid combined with a winter forage crop such as triticale, although the low feed value of the triticale may limit its use as feed for milking cows. Keywords: Italian ryegrass, oats, maize silage, supplements, triticale, winter forage crops

Farmers’ preference for improved grasses and legume forage species in six mixed farming system districts of southern region of Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Mergia Abera ◽  
Tekleyohannes Berhanu
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved forage crops was conducted in six mixed farming system districts of Southern Ethiopia with the objective to identify farmers preferred forage crops (legumes and grasses). Two annual forage legumes (Vigna unguiculata L. (cow pea) and Lablab purpureus (L.), two perennial legumes (Medicago sativa (L.) (alfalfa) and Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. (green-leaf)), and three perennial grasses (Chloris gayana Knuth (Rhodes grass) and two Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass) accessions (No.16800 and 16798)) were evaluated in the study. The major farmers’ criteria considered in the evaluation of forage species were vegetative growth, herbage yield, tillering, protection of soil erosion, palatability, perfor- mance under dry weather conditions, performance in marginal area under low input management, multipurpose use (conservation and soil fertility) and fast growing condition. The study showed that elephant grass accession No. 16798, 16800 and Chloris gayana adapted well and farmers preferred them for their higher herbage yield, vegetative growth, tillering ability and drought resistance. Even though the annual forage legumes Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata were superior in their forage yield, the farmers preferred the perennial forage legumes (Desmodium intortum and Medicago sativa) mainly for their performance under dry weather condi- tion due to their longer growth period. Therefore, the consideration of farmers’ preference for forage crops is crucial for increased adoption of improved forage crops in the region.

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