Considerations for Management of Livestock during an Infectious Animal Disease Incident as an Alternative to Massive Carcass Disposal using Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Beef Cattle Feedlots as an Example

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E DeOtte ◽  
Jr. ◽  
Robert E DeOtte ◽  
III
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Cattle Feedlots

Application of DIVA vaccines and their companion diagnostic tests to foreign animal disease eradication

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pasick
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Infectious Individual ◽  
Companion Diagnostic ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Foreign Animal Disease

AbstractThe risk of foreign animal disease introduction continues to exist despite Canada's strict regulations concerning the importation of animals and animal products. Given the rapidity with which these diseases can spread, especially in areas with dense livestock populations, eradication efforts which rely solely on quarantine and stamping-out measures can present a formidable undertaking. This, combined with growing economic and ethical considerations, has led to renewed interest in the use of vaccination as a tool in controlling foreign animal disease outbreaks. Vaccination has effects at the individual and population levels. Efficacious vaccines reduce or prevent clinical signs without necessarily preventing virus replication. They may also increase the dose of virus needed to establish an infection and/or reduce the level and duration of virus shedding following infection. Vaccine effectiveness within a population is a function of its ability to reduce virus transmission. Transmission is best described by the reproductive ratio, R, which is defined as the average number of new infections caused by one infectious individual. By helping to reduce the R-value below 1, vaccination can be an effective adjunct in abbreviating an outbreak. Nevertheless, vaccination can also complicate serological surveillance activities that follow eradication, if the antibody response induced by vaccination is indistinguishable from that which follows infection. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of DIVA vaccines and their companion diagnostic tests. The term DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals) was coined in 1999 by J. T. van Oirschot of the Central Veterinary Institute, in the Netherlands. It is now generally used as an acronym for ‘differentiating infected from vaccinated animals’. The term was originally applied to the use of marker vaccines, which are based on deletion mutants of wild-type microbes, in conjunction with a differentiating diagnostic test. The DIVA strategy has been extended to include subunit and killed whole-virus vaccines. This system makes possible the mass vaccination of a susceptible animal population without compromising the serological identification of convalescent individuals. The DIVA approach has been applied successfully to pseudorabies and avian influenza eradication, and has been proposed for use in foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever eradication campaigns. This paper will survey current vaccine technology, the host immune response, and companion diagnostic tests that are available for pseudorabies, foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and avian influenza.

A qualitative study of the management and biosecurity practices of 13 interviewed pig owners selling via informal means in New South Wales, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Schembri ◽  
P. K. Holyoake ◽  
M. Hernández-Jover ◽  
J.-A. L. M. L. Toribio
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
On Farm

There is increasing interest in the trading practices of producers who market pigs at live auction in Australia and the potential for infectious disease establishment and spread. The practices that underpin the commercial pork industry in Australia are well known. However, little is known about informal movements of pigs in Australia, and the biosecurity risks associated with pig production enterprises that utilise these methods of trade. The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the biosecurity and pig-keeping practices of owners who trade pigs informally for Foot and Mouth Disease and Classical Swine Fever exposure and spread. Interviews were conducted with 13 pig owners who trade via informal means between April and June 2009. Information provided by producers was able to be validated for the six interviews conducted on-farm. There was limited application of recommended biosecurity practices on-farm and few kept health and management records. All interviewees reared other livestock species, such as ruminants and/or poultry, as well as pigs. Most interviewed owners claimed to quarantine introduced pigs from the main herd; however, few complied with industry recommendations. The results of this study suggest that pig owners (n = 13 interviewed) who currently trade their pigs informally pose few threats for the introduction of emergency animal disease. Pig keepers largely obtained their pig feed from reputable sources and appeared to have a sound understanding of swill feeding. However, the lack of on-farm biosecurity, variable quarantine practices and the failure to keep health records could play a role in the spread of an emergency animal disease if it was to be introduced. Further work is being undertaken to determine, qualitatively, the risk associated with the management practices undertaken by informal pig traders and Foot and Mouth Disease and Classical Swine Fever introduction and spread.

Risk factors for foot and mouth disease outbreaks in grazing beef cattle herds

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Elnekave ◽  
L. Zamir ◽  
F. Hamd ◽  
B. Even Tov ◽  
E. Klement
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Impact of truck contamination and information sharing on foot-and-mouth disease spreading in beef cattle production systems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240819
Author(s):  
Qihui Yang ◽  
Don M. Gruenbacher ◽  
Jessica L. Heier Stamm ◽  
David E. Amrine ◽  
Gary L. Brase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Disease Spreading

scholarly journals A review of the possible mechanisms for the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Single Polypeptide

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was the first animal disease to be attributed to a virus, and the second virus to be discovered [1]. It is a positive-sense, singlestranded RNA picornavirus and the sole member of the genus Aphthovirus. Each infectious virus particle contains a single strand of RNA approximately 8-5 kb long. This is translated into a single polypeptide which is then cleaved into the structural and non-structural virus proteins.

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