Bacterial Characterization, Deposition, and Emission Factors for Particulate Matter Generated During the Land Application of Dairy Manure in Northern New York

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Jahne ◽  
Shane W Rogers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Bacterial Characterization

scholarly journals Quantification of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Traffic Emissions and the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown at London Marylebone Road

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
William Hicks ◽  
Sean Beevers ◽  
Anja H. Tremper ◽  
Gregor Stewart ◽  
Max Priestman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

This research quantifies current sources of non-exhaust particulate matter traffic emissions in London using simultaneous, highly time-resolved, atmospheric particulate matter mass and chemical composition measurements. The measurement campaign ran at Marylebone Road (roadside) and Honor Oak Park (background) urban monitoring sites over a 12-month period between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020. The measurement data were used to determine the traffic increment (roadside–background) and covered a range of meteorological conditions, seasons, and driving styles, as well as the influence of the COVID-19 “lockdown” on non-exhaust concentrations. Non-exhaust particulate matter (PM)10 concentrations were calculated using chemical tracer scaling factors for brake wear (barium), tyre wear (zinc), and resuspension (silicon) and as average vehicle fleet non-exhaust emission factors, using a CO2 “dilution approach”. The effect of lockdown, which saw a 32% reduction in traffic volume and a 15% increase in average speed on Marylebone Road, resulted in lower PM10 and PM2.5 traffic increments and brake wear concentrations but similar tyre and resuspension concentrations, confirming that factors that determine non-exhaust emissions are complex. Brake wear was found to be the highest average non-exhaust emission source. In addition, results indicate that non-exhaust emission factors were dependent upon speed and road surface wetness conditions. Further statistical analysis incorporating a wider variability in vehicle mix, speeds, and meteorological conditions, as well as advanced source apportionment of the PM measurement data, were undertaken to enhance our understanding of these important vehicle sources.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Emission Models of Parcel Lockers vs. Home Delivery Based on HBEFA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6325
Author(s):  
Maren Schnieder ◽  
Chris Hinde ◽  
Andrew West
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Home Deliveries ◽  
Parcel Deliveries

Global concerns about the environmental effects (e.g., pollution, land use, noise) of last-mile deliveries are increasing. Parcel lockers are seen as an option to reduce these external effects of last-mile deliveries. The contributions of this paper are threefold: firstly, the research studies simulating the emissions caused by parcel delivery to lockers are summarized. Secondly, a demand model for parcel deliveries in New York City (NYC) is created for 365 days and delivery trips to lockers and homes are optimized for 20 “real-world” scenarios. Thirdly, using the emission factors included in the HandBook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) database, the maximum percentage of customers who could pick up a parcel by car from parcel lockers that would result in fewer total emissions (driving customers + walking customers) than if home deliveries were adopted is calculated for various pollutants and scenario assumptions (i.e., street types, temperature, parking duration, level of service and vehicle drivetrain). This paper highlights how small changes in the calibration can significantly change the results and therefore using average values for emission factors or only considering one pollutant like most studies may not be appropriate.

scholarly journals Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilah Krounbi ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
John Gaunt ◽  
Margaret Ball ◽  
Johannes Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Available N ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH3) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH3 following CO2 pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg−1, 1260-fold greater extractable N than in untreated manure biochar. Ammonia exposure was 142-times more effective in increasing extractable N than immersing manure biochar in the liquid fraction containing dissolved ammonium. Radish and tomato grown in horticultural media with manure biochar treated with CO2 + NH3 promoted up to 35% greater plant growth (dry weight) and 36–83% greater N uptake compared to manure biochar alone. Uptake of N was similar between plants grown with wood biochar exposed to CO2 + NH3, compared to N-equivalent treatments. The available N in dairy waste in New York (NY) state, if pyrolyzed and treated with NH3 + CO2, is equivalent to 11,732–42,232 Mg N year−1, valued at 6–21.5 million USD year−1. Separated dairy manure treated with CO2 + NH3 can offset 23–82% of N fertilizer needs of NY State, while stabilizing both the solid and liquid fraction of manure for reduced environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Preterm Birth in New York City

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Jennifer F. Bobb ◽  
Kazuhiko Ito ◽  
David A. Savitz ◽  
Beth Elston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
York City ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate

Field Olfactometry Assessment of Dairy Manure Land Application Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Brandt ◽  
H. A. Elliott ◽  
M. A. A. Adviento-Borbe ◽  
E. F. Wheeler ◽  
P. J. A. Kleinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Application Methods

scholarly journals Chemical Extraction of Phosphorus from Dairy Manure and Utilization of Recovered Manure Solids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Ariel A. Szogi ◽  
Virginia H. Takata ◽  
Paul D. Shumaker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Solids Separation ◽  
Bedding Materials

Repeated land application of dairy manure can increase soil phosphorus above crop requirements because of manure’s low nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratio (N:P < 4:1). This soil P build-up can lead to off-site P transport and impairment of surface water quality. We evaluated a treatment process to extract P from manures, called Quick Wash, integrated with a double-stage solids separation system to recover coarse and fine manure solids. The Quick Wash process uses a combination of acid, base, and organic polymers to extract and recover P from manures, improving the N:P ratio of recovered manure solids (RMS). Results showed that coarse RMS could have use as bedding materials for dairy cows, and the fine acidified RMS with N:P > 10:1 can be used as a low-P organic soil amendment. A soil incubation test showed that acidified RMS stimulated N mineralization and nitrification having higher nitrate levels than untreated dairy slurry when incorporated into soil. Our results suggest that the inclusion of Quick Wash in a dairy manure management system can improve manure’s value, lowering costs of bedding material and manure hauling, and recover P for use as fertilizer while reducing the environmental impact of land spreading manure P.

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