Nitrate Removal of Drainage Water with Barley Straw as a Bioreactor Filter

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi ◽  
Manouchehr Heidarpour ◽  
Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard ◽  
Ali Madani ◽  
Sayed-Farhad Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Barley Straw

Nitrate removal potential of restored wetlands loaded with agricultural drainage water: A mesocosm scale experimental approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 541-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Messer ◽  
Michael R. Burchell ◽  
François Birgand ◽  
Stephen W. Broome ◽  
George Chescheir
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Restored Wetlands ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Water

Nitrate removal using different carbon substrates in a laboratory model

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2700-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi ◽  
Manouchehr Heidarpour ◽  
Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Palm Leaf

Agricultural fields have been frequently identified as major contributors of nitrate leaching into surface and ground waters. Tile drains can act as direct pathways, transferring leached nitrate to surface water. Bioreactor filters are useful for the removal of nitrate from drainage waters; however, these filters require an external carbon supply to sustain denitrification. In this study, four organic carbon sources including wood, barley straw, rice husks, and date palm leaf, were used to enhance denitrification and the effects of water velocity and influent nitrate concentration on the nitrate removal were evaluated. Cumulative nitrate removal was highest for the date palm leaf treatments and was lowest for the wood treatments. The effects were in decreasing order for date palm leaf, barley straw, rice husks, and wood, respectively. The performance of the biofilters improved with increasing influent nitrate concentration and decreasing water velocity, allowing for high nitrate removal rates to be achieved. The results showed that all of the treatments had reduced the effluent nitrate concentrations below the USEPA maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 45 mg L−1 nitrate at the end of the study.

scholarly journals Microbiome Structure and Function in Woodchip Bioreactors for Nitrate Removal in Agricultural Drainage Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Jéglot ◽  
Joachim Audet ◽  
Sebastian Reinhold Sørensen ◽  
Kirk Schnorr ◽  
Finn Plauborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Water ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Denitrification Genes ◽  
And Function

Woodchip bioreactors are increasingly used to remove nitrate (NO3–) from agricultural drainage water in order to protect aquatic ecosystems from excess nitrogen. Nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors is based on microbial processes, but the microbiomes and their role in bioreactor efficiency are generally poorly characterized. Using metagenomic analyses, we characterized the microbiomes from 3 full-scale bioreactors in Denmark, which had been operating for 4–7 years. The microbiomes were dominated by Proteobacteria and especially the genus Pseudomonas, which is consistent with heterotrophic denitrification as the main pathway of NO3– reduction. This was supported by functional gene analyses, showing the presence of the full suite of denitrification genes from NO3– reductases to nitrous oxide reductases. Genes encoding for dissimilatory NO3– reduction to ammonium were found only in minor proportions. In addition to NO3– reducers, the bioreactors harbored distinct functional groups, such as lignocellulose degrading fungi and bacteria, dissimilatory sulfate reducers and methanogens. Further, all bioreactors harbored genera of heterotrophic iron reducers and anaerobic iron oxidizers (Acidovorax) indicating a potential for iron-mediated denitrification. Ecological indices of species diversity showed high similarity between the bioreactors and between the different positions along the flow path, indicating that the woodchip resource niche was important in shaping the microbiome. This trait may be favorable for the development of common microbiological strategies to increase the NO3– removal from agricultural drainage water.

scholarly journals Nitrate Removal Performance of Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors in Tropical Climates

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3608
Author(s):  
Fabio Manca ◽  
Carla Wegscheidl ◽  
Rhianna Robinson ◽  
Suzette Argent ◽  
Christopher Algar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Denitrification Wall ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In Australia, declining water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a threat to its marine ecosystems and nitrate (NO3−) from sugar cane-dominated agricultural areas in the coastal catchments of North Queensland is a key pollutant of concern. Woodchip bioreactors have been identified as a potential low-cost remediation technology to reduce the NO3− runoff from sugar cane farms. This study aimed to trial different designs of bioreactors (denitrification walls and beds) to quantify their NO3− removal performance in the distinct tropical climates and hydrological regimes that characterize sugarcane farms in North Queensland. One denitrification wall and two denitrification beds were installed to treat groundwater and subsurface tile-drainage water in wet tropics catchments, where sugar cane farming relies only on rainfall for crop growth. Two denitrification beds were installed in the dry tropics to assess their performance in treating irrigation tailwater from sugarcane. All trialled bioreactors were effective at removing NO3−, with the beds exhibiting a higher NO3− removal rate (NRR, from 2.5 to 7.1 g N m−3 d−1) compared to the wall (0.15 g N m−3 d−1). The NRR depended on the influent NO3− concentration, as low influent concentrations triggered NO3− limitation. The highest NRR was observed in a bed installed in the dry tropics, with relatively high and consistent NO3− influent concentrations due to the use of groundwater, with elevated NO3−, for irrigation. This study demonstrates that bioreactors can be a useful edge-of-field technology for reducing NO3− in runoff to the GBR, when sited and designed to maximise NO3− removal performance.

scholarly journals Denitrifying Bioreactor Woodchip Recharge: Media Properties after Nine Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Feyereisen ◽  
Christopher Hay ◽  
Ulrike W. Tschirner ◽  
Keegan Kult ◽  
Niranga M. Wickramarathne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tracer Testing ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Physical Changes

HighlightsWood media harvested from a nine-year-old denitrifying bioreactor were evaluated.Media physical changes had multiple causes and effects.Impacts of the physical changes may have been exacerbated by development of preferential flow.LCIs > 0.6 showed C quality declined but media still supported N removal.Abstract. There is a lack of information on denitrifying bioreactors treating subsurface drainage water at the end of their initial design life due to the relative newness of the technology and the relatively long estimated life. A denitrifying bioreactor (15 m L × 7.6 m W × 1.1 m D) installed in August 2008 in Greene County, Iowa, was recharged with new woodchips in November 2017 (age 9.25 years), providing the opportunity to evaluate the properties of the wood media at the end of design life. The objective was to pair a battery of physical, chemical, and nitrate-N removal tests on the wood media harvested from the bioreactor with field observations to assess likely reasons why denitrifying bioreactors treating tile drainage may need to be recharged. The two types of wood media harvested from the bioreactor (termed woodchips and mixed shreds) had median particle sizes (D50) of 12.1 and 7.7 mm, respectively, and saturated hydraulic conductivities of 4.2 ±3.0 and 3.1 ±1.0 cm s-1 (mean ± standard deviation), which were within the range of reported values for woodchips, albeit at the low end. The wood media carbon content and quality had degraded (e.g., lignocellulose indices of 0.63 to 0.74, nearing the range of decomposition stabilization), although batch tests suggested the robustness of wood as a carbon source to support nitrate removal (e.g., 65% nitrate concentration reduction in drainage water). Woodchip degradation along with sedimentation from the drainage system likely reduced conductivities over time. Development of preferential flow paths through the bioreactor was indicated by low bioreactor outflow rates (i.e., reduced permeability) and reduced hydraulic efficiency based on conservative tracer testing. These changes in media properties and linked impacts resulted in the need to recharge this bioreactor after nine years. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Hydraulic conductivity, Nitrate, Water quality.

scholarly journals Effect of saline drainage water on performance of denitrification bioreactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Faramarzmanesh ◽  
Mahmoud Mashal ◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Biological Denitrification ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Excessive use of nitrate fertilizers in agriculture causes harm to humans and the environment. The most suitable nitrate removal process is heterotrophic biological denitrification. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of three shapes of denitrification bioreactors: triangular, rectangular and semicircular. The main element that was used to remove nitrate was beech woodchips. The concentration of inlet nitrate was 75 mg/l and the salinity of the solution was 1 ds/m and 5 ds/m, for a period of six months. The results showed that the efficiency of the triangular bioreactor with a salinity level of 1 ds/m was 90%, which is more efficient than the rectangular and semicircular bioreactors with performances of 55.8% and 53.8%, respectively. The results also indicated that at a salinity level of 5 ds/m, the semicircular bioreactor with a performance of 50.8% inlet nitrate removal was the best of the three shapes of bioreactors tested, the efficiencies of the triangular and rectangular bioreactors were 49.9% and 48.6% respectively. Also, it was observed that at the salinity level of 1 ds/m, a high hydraulic retention time had a high positive effect on denitrification, on the other hand at the salinity level of 5 ds/m, there was better performance of denitrification if the hydraulic retention time was lower.

scholarly journals Reactive Transport and Removal of Nutrients and Pesticides in Engineered Porous Media

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongli Tong ◽  
Jie Zhuang ◽  
Xijuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Agricultural nonpoint pollution has been recognized as a primary source of nutrients and pesticides that contaminate surface water and groundwater. Reactive materials have great potential to remove nutrients and pesticides from agricultural drainage water. In this study, we investigated the reactive transport and removal of coexisting nitrate, phosphate, and three pesticides (tricyclazole, isoprothiolane, and malathion) by iron filings and natural ore limestone through column experiments under saturated flow conditions. Breakthrough results showed that 45.0% and 35.8% of nitrate were removed by iron filings and limestone during transport, with average removal capacities of 2670 mg/kg and 1400 mg/kg, respectively. The removal of nitrate was mainly due to microbial denitrification especially after 131–154 pore volumes (≈30 d), whereas reduction to ammonia dominated nitrate removal in iron filings during early phase (i.e., <21.7 d). The results showed that 68.2% and 17.6% of phosphate were removed by iron filings and limestone, with average removal capacities of 416.1 mg/kg and 155.2 mg/kg, respectively. Mineral surface analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) suggested that ligand exchange, chemical precipitation, and electrostatic attraction were responsible for phosphate removal. Chemical sorption was the main mechanism that caused removals of 91.6–100% of malathion and ≈27% of isoprothiolane in iron filings and limestone. However, only 22.0% and 1.1% of tricycalzole were removed by iron filings and limestone, respectively, suggesting that the removal might be relevant to the nonpolarity of tricyclazole. This study demonstrates the great potential of industrial wastes for concurrent removal of nutrients and pesticides under flow conditions.

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