ESTIMATING MANNING’S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT FOR SHALLOW OVERLAND FLOW IN NON-SUBMERGED VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-X. Jin ◽  
M. J. M. Römkens ◽  
F. Griffioen
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips

Sediment deposition and overland flow hydraulics in simulated vegetative filter strips under varying vegetation covers

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-hong Zhao ◽  
Jian-en Gao ◽  
Meng-jie Zhang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Tong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Flow Hydraulics

scholarly journals Shallow water table effects on water, sediment, and pesticide transport in vegetative filter strips – Part 2: model coupling, application, factor importance, and uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Lauvernet ◽  
Rafael Muñoz-Carpena
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Pesticide Transport

Abstract. Vegetative filter strips are often used for protecting surface waters from pollution transferred by surface runoff in agricultural watersheds. In Europe, they are often prescribed along the stream banks, where a seasonal shallow water table (WT) could decrease the buffer zone efficiency. In spite of this potentially important effect, there are no systematic experimental or theoretical studies on the effect of this soil boundary condition on the VFS efficiency. In the companion paper (Muñoz-Carpena et al., 2018), we developed a physically based numerical algorithm (SWINGO) that allows the representation of soil infiltration with a shallow water table. Here we present the dynamic coupling of SWINGO with VFSMOD, an overland flow and transport mathematical model to study the WT influence on VFS efficiency in terms of reductions of overland flow, sediment, and pesticide transport. This new version of VFSMOD was applied to two contrasted benchmark field studies in France (sandy-loam soil in a Mediterranean semicontinental climate, and silty clay in a temperate oceanic climate), where limited testing of the model with field data on one of the sites showed promising results. The application showed that for the conditions of the studies, VFS efficiency decreases markedly when the water table is 0 to 1.5 m from the surface. In order to evaluate the relative importance of WT among other input factors controlling VFS efficiency, global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSA) was applied on the benchmark studies. The most important factors found for VFS overland flow reduction were saturated hydraulic conductivity and WT depth, added to sediment characteristics and VFS dimensions for sediment and pesticide reductions. The relative importance of WT varied as a function of soil type (most important at the silty-clay soil) and hydraulic loading (rainfall + incoming runoff) at each site. The presence of WT introduced more complex responses dominated by strong interactions in the modeled system response, reducing the typical predominance of saturated hydraulic conductivity on infiltration under deep water table conditions. This study demonstrates that when present, the WT should be considered as a key hydrologic factor in buffer design and evaluation as a water quality mitigation practice.

Numerical Approach to the Overland Flow Process in Vegetative Filter Strips

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Muñoz-Carpena ◽  
J. E. Parsons ◽  
J. W. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips

scholarly journals Shallow water table effects on water, sediment and pesticide transport in vegetative filter strips: Part B. model coupling, application, factor importance and uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Lauvernet ◽  
Rafael Muñoz-Carpena
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Pesticide Transport

Abstract. Vegetative filter strips are often used for protecting surface waters from pollution transferred by surface runoff in agricultural watersheds. In Europe, they are often prescribed along the stream banks, where a seasonal shallow water table (WT) could decrease the buffer zone efficiency. In spite of this potentially important effect, there are no systematic experimental or theoretical studies on the effect of this soil boundary condition on the VFS efficiency. In the companion paper, we developed a physically-based numerical algorithm (SWINGO) that allows representing soil infiltration with a shallow water table. Here we present the dynamic coupling of SWINGO with VFSMOD, an overland flow and transport mathematical model to study the WT influence on VFS efficiency in terms of reductions of overland flow, sediment and pesticide transport. This new version of VFSMOD was evaluated with two contrasted benchmark field studies in France (sandy-loam soil under Mediterranean semi-continental climate, and silty-clay under temperate Oceanic climate), where testing of the model with field data showed promising results. The analysis showed that for the conditions of the studies, VFS efficiency decreases markedly when the water table is 0 to 1.5 m from the surface. In order to evaluate the relative importance of WT among other input factors controlling VFS efficiency, two global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSA) methods, Morris and eFAST, were applied on the benchmark studies. The most important factors found for VFS overland flow reduction were saturated hydraulic conductivity and WT, added to sediment characteristics and VFS dimensions for sediment and pesticide reductions. The relative importance of WT varied as a function of soil type (most important at the silty-clay soil) and hydraulic loading (rainfall + incoming runoff) at each site. The presence of WT introduced more complex responses dominated by strong interactions in the modelled system response, reducing the predominance of saturated hydraulic conductivity on infiltration under typical deep water table conditions. This study demonstrates that when present, WT should be considered as a key hydrologic factor in buffer design and evaluation as a water quality mitigation practice.

Effectiveness of Vegetative Filter Strips in Removal of Sediments from Overland Flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Gharabaghi ◽  
Ramesh P. Rudra ◽  
Pradeep K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strip ◽  
Natural Beauty

Abstract Many forms of natural heritage manifested as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and wetlands play an integral role in maintaining natural beauty, health and a high quality of life. Agricultural intensification in southern Ontario has contributed to elevated sediments, nutrient and bacteria levels in water bodies. Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are control measures that can partially remove sediments and pollutants adhered to sediments from overland runoff before entering water bodies. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vegetation type, width of the filter strip, runoff flow rate and inflow sediment characteristics on effectiveness of the VFS in removing pollutants from runoff. The results show that sediment removal efficiency increased from 50 to 98% as the width of the filter increased from 2.5 to 20 m. In addition to the width of the filter strip, grass type and flow rate were also significant factors. This study indicates that the first five (5) metres of a filter strip are critical and effective in removal of suspended sediments. More than 95% of the aggregates larger than 40 µm in diameter were trapped within the first five metres of the filter strip.

scholarly journals Overland Flow Resistance Law under Sparse Stem Vegetation Coverage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Jingzhou Zhang ◽  
Shengtang Zhang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Xuefeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Slope Condition ◽  
Manning Roughness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manning Roughness Coefficient

To explore the characteristics of overland flow resistance under the condition of sparse vegetative stem coverage and improve the basic theoretical research of overland flow, the resistance characteristics of overland flow were systematically investigated under four slope gradients (S), seven flow discharges (Q), and six degrees of vegetation coverage (Cr). The results show that the Manning roughness coefficient (n) changes with the ratio of water depth to vegetation height (h/hv) while the Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), and slope (S) are closely related to vegetation coverage. Meanwhile, h/hv, Re, and Cr have strong positive correlations with n, while Fr and S have strong negative correlations with n. Through data regression analysis, a power function relationship between n and hydraulic parameters was observed and sensitivity analysis was performed. It was concluded that the relationship between n and h/hv, Re, Cr, Q, and S shows the same law; in particular, for sparse stem vegetation coverage, Cr is the dominant factor affecting overland flow resistance under zero slope condition, while Cr is no longer the first dominant factor affecting overland flow resistance under non-zero slope condition. In the relationship between n and Fr, Cr has the least effect on overland flow resistance. This indicates that when Manning roughness coefficient is correlated with different hydraulic parameters, the same vegetation coverage has different effects on overland flow resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to study overland flow resistance under the condition of sparse stalk vegetation coverage.

Effect of vegetative filter strips on herbicide runoff under various types of rainfall

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Otto ◽  
Alessandra Cardinali ◽  
Ester Marotta ◽  
Cristina Paradisi ◽  
Giuseppe Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips

Escherichia coli Load Reduction from Runoff by Vegetative Filter Strips: A Laboratory-Scale Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 980-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garey A. Fox ◽  
Emily M. Matlock ◽  
Jorge A. Guzman ◽  
Debabrata Sahoo ◽  
Kevin B. Stunkel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips
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