Phosphorus Transport through Surface and Sub-surface Drainage under Regular Free Drainage and Water Table Control Systems in Corn and Soybean Rotation

Abstract Recent studies have shown subirrigation (SI) to be effective in reducing nitrate losses from agricultural tile drainage systems. A field study was conducted from 2001 to 2002 in southwestern Québec to evaluate the effect of SI on total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) losses in tile drainage. In an agricultural field with drains installed at a 1-m depth, a SI system with a design water table depth (WTD) of 0.6 m below the soil surface was compared with conventional free drainage (FD). Subirrigation increased drainage outflow volumes in the autumn, when drains were opened and water table control was interrupted for the winter in the SI plots. Outflows were otherwise similar for both treatments. Throughout the study, the TDP concentrations in tile drainage were significantly higher with SI than with FD for seven out of 17 of the sampling dates for which data could be analyzed statistically, and they were never found to be lower for plots under SI than for plots under FD. Of the seven dates for which the increase was significant, six fell in the period during which water table control was not implemented (27 September 2001 to 24 June 2002). Hence, it appears that SI tended to increase TDP concentrations compared with FD, and that it also had a residual effect between growing seasons. Almost one-third of all samples from the plots under SI exceeded Québec's surface water quality standard (0.03 mg TDP L-1), whereas concentrations in plots under FD were all below the standard. Possible causes of the increase in TDP concentrations in tile drainage with SI are high TDP concentrations found in the well water used for SI and a higher P solubility caused by the shallow water table.

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Water-table, surface-drainage, and engineering soils map of the Frankford area, Delaware

10.3133/ha119 ◽

1964 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Surface Drainage

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USO DE CAMALHÕES DE BASE LARGA PARA A VIABILIZAÇÃO DO CULTIVO DE SOJA EM TERRAS BAIXAS

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2018v23n4p679-696 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 679-696

Author(s):

Ricardo Benetti Rosso ◽

Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽

Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽

Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽

Jardel Henrique Kirchner

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Soybean Production ◽

Surface Drainage ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Poor Drainage

USO DE CAMALHÕES DE BASE LARGA PARA A VIABILIZAÇÃO DO CULTIVO DE SOJA EM TERRAS BAIXAS RICARDO BENETTI ROSSO1; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER2; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA3; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES4 E JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER5 1Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia, SC, Brasil, CEP: 89703-720, [email protected]. 2Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 3Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 4Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Vacaria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 95219-899, [email protected] 5Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O estado do Rio Grande do Sul possui extensas áreas de terras baixas que são predominantemente ocupadas pela orizicultura que nos últimos anos vem enfrentando sérios problemas. A alternativa encontrada foi o cultivo de soja nestas áreas. Porém, estas áreas apresentam restrições físicas do solo, como por exemplo a má drenagem, que acarreta na elevação do nível freático próximo a superfície. Neste sentido, foi realizado um estudo com objetivo de avaliar a utilização de técnicas de drenagem, para viabilizar o cultivo de soja, através do rebaixamento do nível freático. Estas técnicas de drenagem são compostas pelos camalhões de base larga de 22,5; 15 e 7,5 m e a drenagem superficial. Como parâmetros de avaliação da eficiência no rebaixamento do nível freático foram utilizados os índices SEW30 SCmod e IDS, e também a produtividade e os componentes de produção da soja. Os resultados, demonstraram a eficiência do camalhão de base larga no rebaixamento do nível freático em comparação a drenagem superficial. Assim recomenda-se a utilização de camalhões de base larga de 7,5 e 15 m para o cultivo de soja em terras baixas. Palavras chave; drenagem, SEW30, nível freático, várzea. ROSSO R. B.; PEITER M. X.; ROBAINA A. D.; TORRES R.R.; KIRCHNER J. H. USE OF BROAD BED FURROW FOR FEASIBILITY OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN LOWLANDS 2 ABSTRACT The state of Rio Grande do Sul has extensive lowland areas predominantly occupied by rice cultivation, which in recent years has been experiencing serious problems. The alternative found was to implement soybean cultivation in these areas. However, they present physical soil restrictions, such as poor drainage, which leads to elevation of the water table near the surface. In this sense, a study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of drainage techniques to enable soybean cultivation by lowering the water table. The drainage techniques were composed of a broad bed ridge of 22.5, 15 and 7.5 meters and surface drainage. SEW30, SCmod and IDS indices, as well the productivity and components of soybean production, were used as parameters for the evaluation of efficiency in lowering the water table. Among the broad bed ridges, 7.5 m wide and 15 m wide base were the most successful in the two harvests. Thus, the use of 7.5 and 15 m wide broad bed for cultivation of soybeans in lowlands is recommended. Keywords: drainage, SEW30, water table, lowland.